FINALS Flashcards
> “attempt to discover on the basis of fragmentary evidence, the significant things about the past”
> history is based on facts is a series of accepted judgments.
geoffrey barraclough
> poem written by jose rizal when he was 8 y/o
> no manuscript elsewhere (handwritten)
> was never mentioned writin this poem in his other works
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
> a mythical legal code
> epic history Maragtas
> was revealed as a hoax in 1986
The Code of Kalantiaw
> a way of looking at historical events, personalities, developments, cultures, and societies from different perspectives.
Multiperspectivity
the firt catholic mass in the philippines took place in?
butuan
when did the first catholic mass in the philippines happened?
april 8, 1521
it is a river settlement situated at Agusan river
butuan
the two primary sources of the first catholic mass in the philippines
• anotonio pigafetta
• francis albo
limasawa
leyte
– one of the pilot of the ship who returned after circumnavigation
– did not mention first mass, rather the planting of the cross upon the mountain-top
francis albo
– Primo viaggio intorno al mondo (First Voyage Around the World).
– gave more details on what they did on their week long stay at Mazaua
antonio pigafetta
Primo viaggio intorno al mondo
first voyage around the world
Butuan o Limasawa: The Site of the First Mass in the Philippines: A Reexamination of Evidence (1981)
jesus priest Miguel A. Bernad
major factor in the awakening of the nationalism among the Filipino
cavite mutiny
when did the cavite mutiny happened?
1872
martyrdom of the three priest
GOMBURZA
GOMBURZA
– mariano gomez
– jose burgos
– jacinto zamora
when was the execution of GOMBURZA happened?
february 17, 1872
the reason for the execution of GOMBURZA?
to threaten the Filipinos to never attempt to fight the Spaniards
force labor
polo(s) y servicio
any piece of writing from rizal against the catholic church in the Philippines
retraction
noli me tangere (touch me not)
el filibusterismo
jose rizal
the four iteration of retractions
– La Vos Española and Diaro de Manila
– La Juventud
– Father Vicente Balaguer
– original text
the four iteration of retractions
La Vos Española and Diario de Manila
December 30, 1896
the four iteration of retractions
La Juventud
Barcelona, Spain
the four iteration of retractions
Fr. Vicente Balaguer
feb 14, 1897
the four iteration of retractions
original text
found in archidiocesan archives (may 18, 1935)
El Grito de Rebellion
cry of rebellion
declaration of rebellion against the spanish government
cry of rebellion
what did bonifacio tore in cry of rebellion
cedula / tax receipts
when and where did the cry of rebellion happened?
august (23, 24, 25, 26) 1896, northeast manila
what did emilio aguinaldo commissioned in cry of rebellion?
Himno de Balintawak
the places of the occurance of the cry:
– balintawak
– kangkong
– pugad lawin
– bahay toro
set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state part of a whole, coming together of distinct entities into one group, with the same principles and ideals.
constitution
Supreme Law of the Republic of the Philippines
The Constitution of the Philippines 1987
the 3 constitutions that have effectively governed the country:
– The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution
– The 1973 Constution
– The 1986 Freedom Constitution
3 constitutions that have successfully gpverned the counry:
The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution
The 1973 Constution
The 1986 Freedom Constitution
earlier constitution attempted by Filipinos to break free from colonization:
– Malolos Constitution 1899 (Constitucion Politica de Malolos)
– The Ferdinand Marcos Constitution 1973
– 1935 Commonwealth Constitution
– 1986 Freedom Constitution
Constitution Politica de Malolos
Malolos Constitution (1899)
turned dictorial government into revolutionary government
Malolos Constitution 1899
> it is a constitution anchored in democratic traditions
> people have exclusive sovereignty, basic civil rights, separate the church from the state
malolos constitution 1899
when did the malolos constitution took place/inaugurated
barasoain church
who opposed and sanctioned the malolos constitution 1899
opposed: apolinario mabini (prime minister of the revolutionary government)
sanctioned: emilio aguinaldo (president)
this constitution was to ensure that the U.S would live up to its promise to grant the Philippines independence and not have a premise to hold onto its “possession” on the grounds that it was too politically immature and hence, unready for full, real independence and shall be known as the Republic of the Philippines.
the 1935 commonwealth constitution
adopts the Regalian Doctrine or the Principle of State ownership for all its natural wealth and provides for the proper utilization of such wealth by its citizens.
the 1935 commonwealth constitution
the two independent constitutional bodies under the 1935 commonwealth constitution:
– Civil Service Commission
– Commission on Audit
NEDA
National Economic Development Authority
RA No. 6132, Constitutional Convention Act
the ferdinand marcos constitution 1973
when did the ferdinand marcos constitution 1973 was approved?
august 24, 1970
declaration of martial law
september 21, 1972
Proclamation No. 1102
Ratification of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
– composed of preamble and 17 articles
– shift from presidential to parliamentary system of government
Proclamation No. 1102 (Ratification of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines)
> establishes the Philippines as a democratic and republican state were sovereignty resides in the people and all government authorities emanates from them
followed People Power Revolution which ousted Ferdinand Marcos as President
corazon aquino
1986 freedom constitution
declaring a national policy to protect people’s basic right
proclamation no. 3
Constitutional Commission [Con Com]
proclamation no. 9
constitution commission appointed 50 members on the constitution including:
former supreme court chief justice (roberto concepcion)
catholic bishop (teodoro bacani)
film director (lino brocka)
> essentially the rectification of the whole system of agriculture, an important aspect of the Philippine economy
> centered on the relationship between production and the distribution of land among farmers.
> focused on the political and economic class character of the relations of production and distribution in farming and related enterprises.
agrarian reform
where rural communities, often dispersed and scattered in nature, organized into a pueblo and given land to cultivate.
pueblo / pueblo agriculture system
reward to Spanish military for their service
repartimientos
those mandated to manage the encomienda or the lands given to them, where Filipinos worked and paid their tributes to the encomendero
spanish encomendero
an unfair and abusive system because Filipino farmers working the land were made to sell their products at a very low price or surrender their products to the encomenderos, who resold this at a profit.
encomienda system
> developed in the beginning of the nineteenth century as the Spanish government implemented policies that would fast track the entry of the colony into the capitalist world. a new form of ownership
hacienda system
A private individual may own 16 hectares of land while corporate landholders may have 1,024 hectares.
The Philippine Bill of 1902
a peasant rebellion in Central Luzon
The Sakdal (Sakdalista) Uprising
– National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC)
– to assign public defenders to assist peasants in court battles for their rights to the land.
manuel l. quezon
NARIC
national rice and corn corporation
– Republic Act No. 34
– to establish a 70-30 sharing arrangement between tenant and landlord, respectively, which reduced the interest of landowners’ loans to tenants at six percent or less.
president roxas
– The Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO)
– to accelerate and expand the resettlement program for peasants.
elpidio quirino
LASEDECO
The Land Settlement Development Corporation
National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
Ramon Magsaysay
NARRA
National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration
– The Agricultural Land Reform Code (Republic Act No. 3844).
– abolished share tenancy in the Philippines and prescribed a program to convert tenant-farmers to lessees and later on owner cultivators.
diosdado macapagal
(Republic Act No. 3844)
The Agricultural Land Reform Code
Presidential Decree No. 27 (Code of Agrarian Reform of The Philippines)
marcos regime
Presidential Decree No. 27
Code of Agrarian Reform of thr Philippines
It enabled the redistribution of agricultural lands to tenant-farmers from landowners, who were paid in exchange by the government through just compensation and allowed them to retain not more than five hectares.
Republic Act No. 6657 or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) / (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program or CARP).
CARL / CARP
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law/Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Republic Act No. 6657
CARL / CARP
government mechanism to raise fund
taxation
The purpose is to generate resources to finance the maintenance of the islands, such as salaries of government officials and expenses of the clergy.
tributos (tributes)
exempted from tributos:
– alcaldes
– gobernadores
– cabezas de barangay
– soldiers
– members of the civil guard
– government officials
– vagrants.
creating pueblos, to collect revenue from the Filipinos.
reduccion
was established in 16th century through the galleons, a way by which the Spaniards could make sure that European presence would be sustained.
Manila-Acapulo Trade
The payment of tribute was put to a stop and was replaced by a poll tax collected through a certificate of identification called
cedula personal
Payment of the cedula is being paid by
person, not by family
when was the cedula happened
1844
is a kind of tax on the annual rental value of an urban real estate and
urbana
is a kind of tax on salaries, dividends, and profits.
industria
when did industria and urbana happened
1878
Male Filipinos were required to provide labor for 40 days a year (reduced to 15 days a year in 1884). They may opt out by paying the fallas or three pesos per annum.
force labor (polo y servicio)
prestacion personal
personal services
It prescribed ten major sources of revenue: licensed taxes on firms dealing in alcoholic beverages and tobacco, excise taxes on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, taxes on banks and bankers, document stamp taxes, the cedula, taxes on insurance and insurance companies, taxes on forest products, mining concessions, taxes on business and manufacturing, and occupational licenses.
The Internal Revenue Law of 1904
resulting in a reduction in the revenue of the government as export taxes levied on sugar, tobacco, hemp, and copra were lifted.
The Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act (1913)
income tax
1914
inheritance tax
1919
national lottery
1932
the cedula tax was abolished in
1937
residence tax
1940
impetus of economic growth
implementation of import and exchange controls that led to import substitution development.
elpidio quirino
Tax Commission in 1959 by means of Republic Act No. 2211 to make a way for a more robust and efficient tax collection.
magsaysay, garcia, macapagal
Republic Act No. 2211
Tax Commission im 1959
heavily dependent on indirect taxes.
marcos authoritarian regime
– 1986 Tax Reform Program
– Value-added Tax (VAT)
corazon aquino
The aim was to improve the responsiveness of the tax system, promote equity by ensuring that similarly situated individuals and firms bear the same tax burden, promote growth by withdrawing or modifying taxes that reduce incentives to work or produce, and improve tax administration by simplifying the tax system and promoting tax compliance
1986 Tax Reform Program
– the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
– implemented to make the tax system broad-based, simple, and with reasonable tax rates
ramos administration
the Expanded Value-Added Tax (E-VAT) was signed into law as Republic Act 9337.
glorio macapagal arroyo
Republic Act 9337
expanded value-added tax
the adjustment of excise tax on liquor and cigarettes or the Sin Tax Reform. Republic Act 10351 was passed, and government revenues from Alcohol and tobacco excise taxes increased.
benigno aquino III
Republic Act 10351
Sin Tax Reform
The present income tax scheme of the country is the second highest in Southeast Asia.
rodrigo duterte
