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DPY 2201 > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

It is the inability to identify an object by active touch of hands without visual o sensory information

A

ASTEREOGNOSIS

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2
Q

It is a reflex action of the eye in response to focusing on a near object then locking at a distant object

A

ACCOMMODATION REFLEX

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3
Q

What is the result of Rinne’s test with conductive hearing loss?

A
  • Bone conduction is heard longer than the air conduction sound
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4
Q

Identify the cranial nerves being tested on direct/pupillary light reflex:

A
  • OPTIC AND OCULOMOTOR NERVES
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5
Q

To test the ability to discern two nearby objects touching the skin are truly two distinct points and not one:

A

TWO POINT DISCRIMINATION TEST

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6
Q

What is the result of Rinne’s test in a person with sensorineural loss?

A
  • Air conduction is heard longer than bone conduction, but may not be twice as long
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7
Q

Most common type of color blindness

A

red-green color blindness

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8
Q

Most common cause of myopia

A

axial myopia

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9
Q

ALL ARE PART OF THE COCHLEA EXCEPT

-COCHLEAR DUCT
-UTRICLE
-SCALA VESTIBULI
-SCALA TYMPANI

A

Utricle

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10
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BELONGS TO THE MIDDLE EAR

-AMPULLAE
-VESTIBULE
-OSSICLE
-COCHLEA

A

Ossicle

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11
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT FOUND IN THE VASCULAR LAYER OF THE EYE?

-CHOROID -CENTRAL FOVEA -CILIARY BODY -PUPIL

A

Pupil

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12
Q

THEA XONS OF THE OLFACTORY NEURONS PASS THROUGH THE FORAMINA OF THE ___ TO SYNAPSE WITH MITRAL OR TUFTED CELLS IN THE _____

-NASAL BONE, OLFACTORY BULB
-CRIBRIFORM PLATE,OLFACTORY BULB
-CRIBRIFORM PALE, OLFACTORY TRACT
-NASAL BONE,OLFACTORY TRACT

A

CRIBRIFORM PLATE,OLFACTORY BULB

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13
Q

AT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LOCATIONS DO BLOOD VESSLES AND NERVES ENTER OR EXIT THE EYE?

-ORA SERRATA -FOVEA CENTRALIS -OPTIC CHIASMA -OPTIC DISC

A

OPTIC DISC

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14
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT TRUE OF OLFACTORY NEURONS

-THE OLFACTORY NEURONS SYPNAPSE WITH CELLS IN THE OLFACTORY BULB.
- THE AXONS OF THE OLFACTORY NEURONS COMBINE TO FORM THE OLFACTORY NERVES
-OLFACTORY NEURONS ARE UNI- POLAR NEURONS
-OLFACTORY NEURONS HAVE RECEPTORS THAT REACT WITH ODORANTS DISSOLVED IN FLUID

A

OLFACTORY NEURONS ARE UNI- POLAR NEURONS

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15
Q

IDENTIFY THE LOCATION OF THE TASTE AREA OF THE CORTEX

-PRECENTRAL GYRUS
-TEMPORAL LOBE
-POST CENTRAL GYRUS
-THALAMUS

A

POST CENTRAL GYRUS

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16
Q

A NOCICEPTOR DETECTS

-LIGHT TOUCH
-BALANCE
-PROPRIOCEPTION
-PAIN

A

Pain

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17
Q

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE IMPORTANT IN BRINGING AN IMAGE TO FOCUS ON THE RETINA WHEN VIEWING AN OBJECT CLOSE TO THE EYE EXCEPT

-FLATTERING OF THE LENSES
-ACCOMODATION OF THE LENSES
-CONSTRICTION OF THE PUPILS
-CONVERGENS OF THE EYES

A

FLATTERING OF THE LENSES

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18
Q

WHICH TYPE OF PAPILLAE HAVE NO TASTE BUDS WITH THEM?

-VALLATE
-FUNGIFORM
-FOLATE
-FILIFORM

A

Filiform

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19
Q

IF THE CILIARY MUSCLES CONTRACT, THE SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS___ AND THE LENS_____

-RELAX, FLATTENS
-PULL, FLATTENS
-PULL, THICKEN
-RELAX,THICKENS

A

RELAX,THICKENS

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20
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ONE OF THE SPECIAL SENSES?

-TOUCH
-PAIN
-PROPRIOCEPTION
-BALANCE

A

Balance

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21
Q

WHEN THE LIGHT STRIKES THE VISUAL PIGMENT RHODOPSIN IS ACTIVATED WHICH IT ACTIVATES___ RESULTING IN THE ____ OF THE ROD CELLS.

-OPSIN, HYPERPOLARIZATION
-TRANSDUCIN,HYPERPOLARIZATION
-OPSIN, DEPOLARIZATION
-TRANSDUCIN, DEPOLARIZATION

A

TRANSDUCIN,HYPERPOLARIZATION

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22
Q

WHEN LIGHT RAYS DIVERGE AS A RESULT OF REFRACTION, IT IS DUE TOO A SURFACE THAT IS

-CONVEX
-CONCAVE
-CYLINDRICAL

A

Concave

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23
Q

FROM SUPERIOR TO DEEP, THE THREE MAIN CELL LAYERS OF THE SENSORY RETINA AREA

-PHOTORECEPTORS-BIPOLAR CELLS- GANGLIA CELLS
-GANGLION CELLS- BIPOLAR CELLS- PHOTORECEPTORS
-BIPOLAR CELLS-GANGLION CELLS- PHOTORECEPTORS -PHOTORECEPTORS-GANGLION CELLS- BIPOLAR CELLS

A

GANGLION CELLS- BIPOLAR CELLS- PHOTORECEPTORS

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24
Q

COMPOSITION OF OTOLITHS

-CALCIUM OXALATE
-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
-CALCIUM CARBONATE
-CALCIUM BICARBONATE

A

CALCIUM CARBONATE

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25
Q

FLUID IN THE SCALA VESTIBULI COMMUNICATE WITH FLUID IN THE SCALE TYMPANI BY WAY OF THE

-HELICOTREMA
-EUSTACHIAN TUBE
-ROUND WINDOW
-CANAL OF SCHLEGM

A

HELICOTREMA

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26
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CRANIAL NERVE DOES NOT TRANSMIT TASTE SENSATION

-HYPOGLOSSSAL
-GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
-FACIAL
-TRIGEMINAL

A

HYPOGLOSSAL

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27
Q

WHICH TYPE OF PAPILLAE HAVE THE MOST SENSITIVE TASTE BUDS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM

-FILIFORM
-VALLATE
-FOLIATE
-FUNGIFORM

A

FOLIATE

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28
Q

THE___ IS INVOLVED IN THE CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION OF SMELL AND IS LOCATED IN THE __ LOBE.

-OLFACTORY CORTEX; FRONTAL LOBE -INTERMEDIATE OLFACTORY AREA; FRONTAL LOBE -OLFACTORY CORTEX; TEMPORAL LOBE -MEDIAL OLFACTORY AREA; TEMPORAL BONE

A

OLFACTORY CORTEX; TEMPORAL LOBE

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29
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRIMARY TASTES DO NOT CAUSE DEPOLARIZATION OF THE GUSTATORY THROUGH A G PROTEIN MECHANISM

-UMAMI -BITTER -SALTY -SWEET

A

SALTY

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30
Q

IS THE ABILITY OF THE EYE TO CHANGE ITS FOCUS FROM DISTANT TO NEAR OBJECTS OR FROM NEAR TO DISTANT OBJECTS

-CONTRACTION -REFACTION -ACCOMMODATION -REFLECTION

A

ACCOMMODATION

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31
Q

THE DEPTH OF FOCUS DETERMINED BY THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT

-DISTANCE FROM THE LENS -FOCAL LENGTH OF THE LENS -APERTURE SIZE -SIZE OF THE IMAGE

A

SIZE OF THE IMAGE

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32
Q

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE SPECIALIZED AREA OF A SENSORY NEURON THAT DETECTS A SPECIFIC STIMULUS

-TRACT -VENTRAL ROOT -DORSAL ROOT -RECEPTOR

A

RECEPTOR

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33
Q

THE LAYER OF THE EYE THAT CONTAINS PHOTORECEPTORS IS THE

-IRIS -SCLERAE -OPTIC DISC -RETINA

A

RETINA

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34
Q

WHICH REGION OF THE OLFACTORY CORTEX IS CONNECTED TO THE LIMBIC SYSTEM?

-MEDIAL OLFACTORY AREA -INTERMEDIATE OLFACTORY AREA -LATERAL OLFACTORY AREA -SUPERIOR OLFACTORY AREA

A

MEDIAL OLFACTORY AREA

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35
Q

THE HAIR CELLS FOR HEARING ARE LOCATED WITHIN THE

-UTRICLE -ORGAN OF CORTI -VESTIBULE -MACULA

A

ORGAN OF CORTI

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36
Q

THE RECEPTOR FOR HEARING ARE LOCATED IN THE

-COCHLEA -VESTIBULE -SACCULAE -SEMICIRCULAR CANAL

A

COCHLEA

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37
Q

MUSCLE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CHANGE OF THE SHAPE OF THE LENS IS THE

-SUPERIOR RECTUS MUSCLE -CILIARY MUSCLE -ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE -ORBICULARIS OCULI

A

CILIARY MUSCLE

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38
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRIMARY TASTES DO NOT REQUIRE A SUBSTANCE TO BIND TO A RECEPTOR ON THE GUSTATORY HAIRS OF TASTE CELLS?

-SOUR -SALTY -BITTER -SWEET

A

SALTY

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39
Q

THE RECEPTOR CELLS FOR HEARING ARE LOCATED ON THE UPPER SURFACE OF WHAT MEMBRANE?

-VESTIBULAR MEMBRANE -TYMPANIC MEMBRANE -TECTORIAL MEMBRANE -BASILAR MEMBRANE

A

BASILAR MEMBRANE

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40
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OLFACTION AND GUSTATION

-OLFACTORY SENSATIONS PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT SUBSTANCE THAT MAY BE THOUGHT OF AS TASTE
-GUSTATORY HAIRS CAN ALSO DETECT ODORANTS
-OLFACTORY HAIRS CAN ALSO DETECT TASTANTS
-THERE IS NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OLFACTORY AND GUSTATORY SENSES

A

OLFACTORY SENSATIONS PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT SUBSTANCE THAT MAY BE THOUGHT OF AS TASTE

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41
Q

Which cells proliferate to replace lost olfactory cellS

-TUFT CELLS -BASAL CELLS -OLFACTORY CELLS -MITRAL CELLS

A

MITRAL CELLS

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42
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

PAROTID GLAND

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43
Q

Gastric secretion is stimulated by the

A

SECRETION

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44
Q

The greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during the __

A

GASTRIC PHASE

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45
Q

All of the following are incorrect pertaining to saliva EXCEPT

A

CONTAINS LYSOZYME WHICH HAS A WEAK ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION

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46
Q

Which organ secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and nucleases?

A

PANCREAS

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47
Q

Which of the following would be a normal gastric pH?

A

2.0

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48
Q

The chyme entering the small intestine

A

BUFFERED BY PANCREATIC BICARBONATE SECRETION

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49
Q

The intramural plexus is associated with the__

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NS

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50
Q

Which of this hormones causes contraction to the gallbladder?

A

CHOLECYSTOKININ

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51
Q

all are incorrect about bile EXCEPT

A

Is synthesize by the gallbladder

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52
Q

adults normally have ___permanent teeth

A

32

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53
Q

Children have a ___ deciduous TEETH

A

20

54
Q

the parietal cells in the lining of the stomach secrete

A

HCL AND INTRINSIC FACTOR

55
Q

Which cell the is PROPERLY matched with its secretion

A

ENTEROCHROMAFFIN- LIKE CELL- HISTAMINE

56
Q

The liver, gallbladder and pancreas are connected to ducts which enter the ___

A

duodenum

57
Q

The “pyloric pump” describes

A

CHYME MOVING FROM THE STOMACH INTO THE INTESTINE

58
Q

Describes the successive contraction of constrictor muscles occurs and the epiglottis covers the opening in the larynx

A

THE PHARYNGEAL PHASE OF SWALLOWING

59
Q

What prevents food from entering the nasal passage during swallowing

A

ELEVATION OF UVULA

60
Q

All of theses are retroperitoneal organs EXCEPT

A

STOMACH

61
Q

The acinar cells of the pancreas produce the following EXCEPT

A

HCO3

62
Q

Diarrhea may occur as a result of

A

DAMAGE TO INTESTINAL MUCOSA DUE TO BACTERIAL ENTEROTOXINS

63
Q

All of theses are functions of the liver EXCEPT

A

BIOTRANSFORMATION OF MOLECULE

64
Q

The frenulum is part of the __

A

TONGUE

65
Q

The mucosal lining of the colon contains predominantly

A

GOBLET CELL

66
Q

What is the common type of motility associate with the descending colon

A

HAUSTRATIONS

67
Q

Which of the following organs secretes bile acids

A

LIVER

68
Q

Which of the following structures controls the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile into the duodenum

A

SPHINCTER OF ODDI

69
Q

Which cell type is PROPERLY matched with it’s secretion?

A

DELTA CELLS: SOMATOSTATIN

70
Q

Give 2 signs and symptoms of Cushing’s disease

A

Obesity, moon face, osteoporosis,
diseases from abnormalities in
metabolism of CHO, CHON and fats,
increases androgens will lead to
amenorrhea, acne and hirsutism

71
Q

Give 2 functions of Growth hormone

A

Stimulates/ accelerates body growth
Stimulates the secretion somatomedin C

72
Q

Identify the 2 hormones produced by thyroid follicle

A

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

73
Q

Give 2 functions of oxytocin

A

Stimulates uterine contraction
Stimulate ejection of milk in lactating
women

74
Q

Give 2 functions of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Stimulates the ovarian follicle growth
Stimulates spermatogenesis

75
Q

Give sign and symptoms of diabetes mellitus

A

increased thirst and urination.
increased hunger.
fatigue.
blurred vision.
numbness or tingling in the feet or hands.
sores that do not heal.
unexplained weight loss.

76
Q

Give 2 functions of melatonin

A

immunomodulation
regulation of circadian rhythms
measurement of day length
sleep initiation
vasomotor control
anti-excitatory actions
antioxidant actions
anti-inflammatory properties
regulation of mitochondrial function

77
Q

Give 2 functions of hormone inhibin

A

Secrets GnRH
Synthesizes & Secretes FSH

78
Q

Give 2 clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

Cold intolerance
Weight gain
Constipation
Muscle cramps
Fatigue
Dry skin

79
Q

Give 2 functions of calcium

A

Building strong bones and teeth.
Clotting blood.
Sending and receiving nerve signals.
Squeezing and relaxing muscles.
Releasing hormones and other chemicals.
Keeping a normal heartbeat.

80
Q

Give 2 causes of hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s Disease
Post surgical thyroidectomy

81
Q

2 Factor stimulates growth hormone secretion

A

fasting
hypoglycemia
high amino acids
exercise
stress/trauma
deep sleep
excitement
GHRH

82
Q

2 Factor that inhibits growth hormone secretion

A

feeding
hyperglycemia
high free fatty acid
high cortisol
growth hormone
REM sleep
Aging
Somatostatin

83
Q

Give 2 functions of Luteinizing hormone LH

A

In males, it stimulates testosterone synthesis in the Leydig cells.

In females, it stimulates follicle to ovulate and mature into a corpus luteum.

84
Q

Identify the 2 hormones that are secreted by the acidophil cells of the anterior pituitary

A

Somatotrope
Lactotrope

85
Q

The receptor cells for hearing are located on the upper surface of what membrane?

A

Basilar Membrane

86
Q

The bending of the light that happens at the cornea and lens is

A

Refraction

87
Q

Which type of papillae have the most sensitive taste buds associated with them?

A

Foliate

88
Q

The threshold for the detection of odors is ___ and adaptation to odors occurs ___

A

Low, Quickly

89
Q

Which of the following is not found in the vascular layer of the eye?

A

Pupil

90
Q

Which is the last structure to vibrate in this sequence?

A

Oval Window

91
Q

It is the ability of the eye to change its focus from distant to near objects or from near to distant objects

A

Accomodation

92
Q

The senses for dynamic equilibrium are located in the

A

Semicircular Canals

93
Q

Match the following type of receptors: Nocireptors, mechanoreceptor, electromagnetic, chemoreceptor

Rods and cones
Free nerve endings
Pacinian corpuscle
Taste buds

A

Rod and cones - electromagnetic
Free nerve endings - nociceptors
Pacinian corpuscle - mechanoreceptor
Taste buds - chemoreceptors

94
Q

Match the following

Steven Power law
Temporal pattern coding
Mueller’s Law
Labelled-line Principle

A

Steven Power law: the frequency of AP discharge is directly related to the intensity of the stimulus

Temporal pattern coding: can differentiate 2 stimuli from each other base on the way a single receptor discharges AP

Mueller’s Law: when the body is affected by a certain stimulus, it will react to one type of receptor

Labeled-line Principle: ability of afferent neuron to transmit a single type of impulse

95
Q

Match the following

Semicircular canals
Saccule and utricle
Organ of Corti
Eustachian tube

A

Saccule canals - determines the position of the head in state motion

Saccule and utricle- sense the sudden rotational movements

Organ of corti - end of organ hearing

Eustachian tube - equalizes air pressure

96
Q

Enumerate the neurotransmitters for olfaction

A

Glutamate

Monoamines

Norepinephrine

Somatostatin

Opioids

Adenosine

triphosphate

97
Q

Match the following receptor: Tonic or phasic

Merkel’s disc
Hair and organs
Bulbous corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle

A

Merkel’s disc- tonic receptor
Hair and organs- phasic receptor
Bulbous corpuscle- tonic receptor
Pacinian corpuscle- phasic receptor

98
Q

Match the following.

Atopognosis
Analgesia
Amorphosynthesis
Astereognosis

A

Atopognosis- inability to localize body part affected by somatic stimulus
Analgesia- inability/ decrease ability to perceive pain stimulus
Amorphosynthesis- loss of sense of form of his/her own body on opposite side
Astereognosis- inability to identify objects by means of touch w/o the aid of vision

99
Q

Match the following type of taste to its mechanism

Umami
Salty
Bitter
Sour

A

Umami- glutamate receptor
Salty- sodium channels
Bitter- G-protein activated
Sour- H+ ions blocking the…

100
Q

Enumerate the refractive media

A

Cornea
Vitreous body
Lens
Aqueous humor

101
Q

Match the following

Pacinian corpuscle
Ruffini
Free nerve endings
Merkel’s disc

A

Pacinian corpuscle: two-point discrimination

Ruffini: deep pressure and stretch of skin

Free nerve endings: crude touch, tickle, itch and pressure

Merkel’s disc: deep touch and vibration

102
Q

Match the following stimuli to its higher center

Taste stimuli
Pain stimuli
Sound stimuli

A

Taste stimuli: olfactory center

Pain stimuli: somesthetic area

Sound stimuli: acoustic center

Touch: somesthetic area

103
Q

From superior to deep, the three main cell layers of the sensory retina area

A

Photoreceptors-bipolar cells-ganglia cells

104
Q

Fluid in the scala vestibuli communicate with fluid in the scala tympani by way of the

A

helicotrema

105
Q

The axons of the olfactory neurons pass through the foramina of the ___ to synapse with mitral or tufted cells in the _____

A

Cribriform plate, olfactory bulb

106
Q

Why do odors sometimes alter our moods?

A

Because sensory input from olfaction is routed through the limbic system.

107
Q

Which of the following belongs to the middle ear?

A

ossicles

108
Q

The organs of static equilibrium are within the _____ and employ shifting ______ to set up nerve impulses.

A

Vestibule; otoliths

109
Q

Which type of papillae have no taste buds with them?

A

Filiform

110
Q

After the inner ear has perceived sound, the sound is dissipated because

A

Air inside the middle ear dissipates the sound waves

111
Q

Gastrin secretion will stop when the stomach pH reaches ____

A

1.5

112
Q

It is caused by the increase of the intra abdominal pressure by expiring against a closed glottis.

A

VALSALVA MANEUVER

113
Q

This Gl neurocrine resembles secretin and is presumed to mediate pancreatic cholera.

A

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)

114
Q

A movement of the colon that gradually exposing fecal matter to LI mucosal surfaces.

A

Mixing movements

115
Q

Identify the nerve supply of the masticatory muscles.

A

CN V - Trigeminal Nerve

116
Q

Which area in the GI has the lowest frequency of slow waves for the
contraction?

A

stomach

117
Q

Which gastric cells found in the fundus of the stomach that secretes Intrinsic factor?

A

Oxyntic (parietal cells)

118
Q

Match the following neurotransmitter secreted by the ENS

A

Acetylcholine - stimulates H+ secretion
Bombesin - stimulates gastrin release
Enkephalins - stimulates GI smooth muscle contraction
Serotonin - stimulates gastric motility
Norepinephrine - inhibits GI activity

119
Q

It is a duct that joins the common bile
duct wherein it secretes a substance that
aids in the digestion of fats.

A

Cystic duct

120
Q

A GI hormone which is the most potent in
stimulating gastric H+ secretion.

A

Gastrin

121
Q

It is also known as the intrinsic neural
control of the Gl function.

A

Enteric nervous system

122
Q

It is a modification in electrical and motor activity of smooth muscles of stomach and SI during fasting.

A

Migrating motor complex

123
Q

Which gastric cells found mostly in the antrum that secretes pepsinogen.

A

Zymogenic/parietal cells

124
Q

Describe the consistency of the saliva during parasympathetic stimulation

A

Profuse, thin, or watery saliva

125
Q

Describe the consistency of the saliva during sympathetic stimulation

A

Thick, mucus saliva

126
Q

Identify the duct that drains the submandibular glands

A

Wharton’s duct

127
Q

Other name of slow-wave potentials

A

Basic electrical rhythm

128
Q

Match the following medical condition to its definition

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome - increase gastrin secretion due to pancreatic tumor

Achalasia - due to failure of the esophageal sphincter to relax

Hirschsprung disease - due to congenital absence of myenteric plexus in the colon

Pernicious anemia - due to a massive illeal resections that result to an impairment of absorption of vitamin B12

Gastric reflux - due to decrease tone of lower esophageal sphincter

129
Q

Which of these inhibits secreting and motility of the stomach

A

Enterogastric reflex

130
Q

Which of the following vitamins are not stored in the liver

A

Vitamin C

131
Q

Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that run the length of the colon are called

A

Taenia coli

132
Q

The center of the tooth which is filled with blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissues is called the

A

pulp

DPY 2201 (3 decks)

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