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Psychia > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

PERCEPTUAL/SENSORY DISTURBANCES

A
  1. HALLUCINATIONS
  2. ILLUSION
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2
Q

COGNITIVE/THOUGHT DISTURBANCES

A
  1. IDEAS OF REFERENCE (REFERENTIAL DELUSIONS)
  2. DELUSIONS
  3. FLIGHT OF IDEAS
  4. WORD SALAD
  5. RHYMING
  6. CLANG ASSOCIATIONS
  7. PUNNING
  8. LOOSENESS OF ASSOCIATION
  9. NEOLOGISM
  10. BLOCKING
  11. POVERTY OF THOUGHT
  12. AUTISM
  13. PERSEVERATION
  14. ALOGIA
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3
Q

BEHAVIORAL DISTURBANCES

A
  1. NEGATIVISM
  2. AUTOMATIC OBEDIENCE
  3. STEREOTYPING
  4. WAXY FLEXIBILITY (CEREA FLEXIBILITY)
  5. STUPOR
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4
Q

AFFECTIVE DISTURBANCES

A
  1. APATHY
  2. AFFECT
  3. EUPHORIA
  4. ELATION
  5. DEPERSONALIZATION
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5
Q

MEMORY DISTURBANCES

A
  1. AMNESIA
  2. PARAMNESIA
  3. DÉJÀ VU (French for “already seen”)
  4. JAMAIS VU (French for “Never seen”)
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6
Q

OTHER ASSOCIATED FEATURES

A
  1. TICS AND SPASMS
  2. CIRCUMSTANTIALITY
  3. TANGENTIALITY
  4. AMBIVALENCE
  5. PSEUDOLOGICA FANTASTICA
  6. VOLITION
  7. PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION
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7
Q

PERCEPTUAL/SENSORY DISTURBANCES
1. HALLUCINATIONS

A

a. Auditory hallucination
b. Visual hallucination
c. Olfactory hallucination
d. Tactile hallucinations
e. Gustatory hallucinations
f. Cenesthetic hallucination
g. Kinesthetic hallucination

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8
Q

– false sensory perceptions, or perceptual
experiences that do not exist in reality

A

HALLUCINATIONS

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9
Q

– involve hearing sounds, most often
voices, talking to or about the
client
– are the most common type of
hallucination.
Command hallucinations are voices
demanding that the client take
action, often to harm himself or herself or
others, and are considered dangerous.
accidents

A

Auditory hallucination

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10
Q

– involve seeing images that do not exist at all, such
as lights or a dead person, or may be a distortion,
such as seeing a frightening monster instead of the
nurse.

A

Visual hallucination

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11
Q

– involve smells or odors where none exist. It may
be a specific scent, such as urine or feces, or more
general in nature, such as a rotten or rancid odor.
– this type of hallucination is often found in clients
with dementia, seizures, or cerebrovascular

A

Olfactory hallucination

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12
Q

– refer to sensations such as electricity
running through the body or bugs
crawling on the skin.
– Are found most often in clients
undergoing alcohol withdrawal

A

Tactile hallucinations

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13
Q

– involve a taste lingering in the mouth, or
the sense that food tastes like something
else.
– the taste may be metallic or bitter or may
be represented as a specific taste.

A

Gustatory hallucinations

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14
Q

What type of disturbance does HALLUCINATIONS belong to?

A

PERCEPTUAL/SENSORY DISTURBANCES

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15
Q

–involve the client’s report that he or she
feels bodily functions that are usually
undetectable.
–Examples would be the sensation of urine
forming or impulses being transmitted
through the brain.

A

Cenesthetic hallucination

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16
Q

–occur when the client is motionless but
reports the sensation of bodily movement.
Occasionally the bodily movement is
something unusual, such as floating above
the ground.

A

Kinesthetic hallucination

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17
Q

What type of disturbance does ILLUSION belong to?

A

PERCEPTUAL/SENSORY DISTURBANCES

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18
Q

– a misinterpretation of
an external stimulus by
any of the special
senses.
– e.g. hearing a thunder
and identifying it as a
bomb, seeing a
shadow on the wall
and identifying it as an
animal.

A

ILLUSION

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19
Q

What type of disturbance does IDEAS OF REFERENCE (REFERENTIAL DELUSIONS) belong to?

A

COGNITIVE/THOUGHT DISTURBANCES

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20
Q

– involve the client’s belief that television
broadcasts, music, or newspaper articles have
special meaning for him or her.
– e.g The client may report that the president was
speaking directly to him on a news broadcast, or
that special messages are sent through
newspaper articles.

A

IDEAS OF REFERENCE (REFERENTIAL DELUSIONS)

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21
Q

DELUSIONS belong to

A

COGNITIVE/THOUGHT DISTURBANCES

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22
Q

– fixed, false beliefs that have no basis in
reality

A

DELUSIONS

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23
Q

Types of DELUSIONS

A

a. Persecutory/Paranoid delusions
b. Grandiose (grandeur) delusions
c. Religious delusions
d. Somatic delusions
e. Nihilistic delusions
f. Delusions of self-depreciation
g. Delusions of Alien Control

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24
Q

– involve the client’s belief that
“others” are planning to harm
the client or are spying,
following, ridiculing, or
belittling the client in some
way. Sometimes the client
cannot define who these
“others” are.
– e.g. the client may think that
food has been poisoned or that
rooms are bugged with
listening devices. Sometimes
the “persecutor” is the
government, FBI, or other
powerful organization.
Occasionally, specific
individuals, even family
members, may be named as the
“persecutor.”

A

Persecutory/Paranoid delusions

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25
Q

– are characterized by the client’s claim to
association with famous people or
celebrities, or the client’s belief that he or
she is famous or capable of great feats.
– e.g. The client may claim to be engaged to
a famous movie star or related to some
public figure, such as claiming to be the
daughter of the President of the United
States; may claim he or she has found a
cure for cancer.

A

Grandiose (grandeur) delusions

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26
Q

– often center around the second
coming of Christ or another significant
religious figure or prophet.
– these religious delusions appear
suddenly as part of the client’s
psychosis and are not part of his or
her religious faith or that of others.
– e.g. Client claims to be the Messiah
or some prophet sent from God;
believes that God communicates
directly to him or her, or that he or she
has a “special” religious mission in life
or special religious powers.

A

Religious delusions

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27
Q

– are generally vague and unrealistic
beliefs about the client’s health or
bodily functions. Factual information
or diagnostic testing does not change
these beliefs.
– e.g. A male client may say that he is
pregnant, or a client may report
decaying intestines or worms in the
brain.

A

Somatic delusions

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28
Q

– * A patient states, “I am dead.” In
response to “If you are dead, how can you
talk?” the patient says, “I don’t know, but
I’m dead.”

A

Nihilistic delusions

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29
Q

– the individual feels unworthy, ugly, or
sinful.
– e.g. “I don’t deserve to live, I’m so
unworthy of your love.”

A

Delusions of self-depreciation

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30
Q

– the person believes his feelings, thoughts,
impulses, or actions are controlled by an
external source.
– e.g. “A spaceman sends me messages by TV
and tells me what to do.”

A

Delusions of Alien Control

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31
Q

FLIGHT OF IDEAS belong to

A

COGNITIVE/THOUGHT DISTURBANCES

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32
Q

– a continuous (jumping) stream of
conversation with rapid shifts in topics
owing to pressure of thoughts, sometimes
characterized as topic jumping.
– e.g. “I like the color blue. Do you ever feel
blue? Feelings can change from day to day.
The days are getting longer.”
– it is most commonly observed in clients
with manic disorders.

A

FLIGHT OF IDEAS

33
Q

WORD SALAD belong to

A

COGNITIVE/THOUGHT DISTURBANCES

34
Q

– is a combination of jumbled words and
phrases that are disconnected or
incoherent and make no sense to the
listener.
– e.g. “corn, potatoes, jump up, play games,
grass, cupboard.

A

WORD SALAD

35
Q

RHYMING belongs to

A

COGNITIVE/THOUGHT DISTURBANCES

36
Q
  • rhyming of phrases or whole sentences in a
    lyrical poetic manner during conversation or
    writing which may symbolize the conflictual
    elements and need associated with a mental
    conflict.
  • e.g. “I am knitting a halter for Walter to lead
    me to the altar.”
A

RHYMING

37
Q
  • choice of words is governed by sounds.
  • e.g. “It is very cold. I am cold and bold. The
    gold has been sold
A

CLANG ASSOCIATIONS

38
Q
  • the injection of witty or clever remarks into a conversation, or the humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest a different meaning, or the use of words having the same sound but different
    meanings, which attract the listener’s attention and gain for the patient the control of the immediate environment.
A

PUNNING

39
Q
  • is the stringing together of unrelated topics with a vague connection (as
    opposed to flight of ideas, in which there is no connection).
  • e.g. The children’s rhyme “Mary had a little lamb” may lead to “Mary was the mother of Christ who was born in a manger. I hate to lie on straw. It makes my skin itch. Have you ever had poison ivy? I have.” The patient may even leave out some of the phrases; for example, “Mary had a little lamb. I hate to lie on straw. Have you ever had poison ivy?” but may be able to clarify the connections if asked.
A

LOOSENESS OF ASSOCIATION

40
Q
  • the coining of new words that have
    symbolic meaning, or the conferring
    of new meanings upon words that are
    used commonly.
  • e.g. newspulp (newspaper),
    Eisenhead (Eisenhower)
A

NEOLOGISM

41
Q
  • sudden stopping of speech which
    occurs when the trend of thought has
    been lost owing to anxiety-producing
    thought associations.
  • may be caused by intrusion of
    hallucination, delusions or emotional
    factors.
A

BLOCKING

42
Q
  • is manifested by the inability to
    formulate and articulate thoughts that
    are relevant to the discussion at hand.
A

POVERTY OF THOUGHT

43
Q
  • describes the condition created by the person with
    schizophrenia who focuses inward on a fantasy world, while distorting or excluding the external
    environment.
A

AUTISM

44
Q
  • is the persistent adherence to a single idea or topic
    and verbal repetition of a sentence, phrase, or word,
    even when attempts are made by another to change
    the topic.
    e.g. Nurse: “How have you been sleeping
    lately?”
    Client: “I think people have been
    following me.”
    Nurse: “Where do you live?”
    Client: “At my place people have
    been following me.”
    Nurse: “What do you like to do in
    your free time?”
    Client: “Nothing because people are following
    me.”
A

PERSEVERATION

45
Q
  • describes the lack of any real meaning or
    substance in what the client says:
    Nurse: “How have you been sleeping
    lately?”
    Client: “Well, I guess, I don’t know,
    hard to tell.”
A

ALOGIA

46
Q

AUTOMATIC OBEDIENCE

A

a. Echolalia
b. Echopraxia

47
Q

a. Echolalia
b. Echopraxia

A

AUTOMATIC OBEDIENCE

48
Q
  • repeating the speech of another, like a
    resounding echo, as if experiencing a
    compulsion to respond.
    e.g. Nurse: “Can you tell me how
    you’re feeling?”
    Client: “Can you tell me how
    you’re feeling, how you’re
    feeling?”
A

Echolalia

49
Q
  • compulsive displacement of anxiety
    through automatic duplication of the
    immediately observed movements and
    gestures made by another individual in
    the patient’s presence.
A

Echopraxia

50
Q

– Verbigeration
* is the stereotyped repetition of words or phrases
that may or may not have meaning to the listener.
e.g. “I want to go home, go home, go
home, go home.”

A

STEREOTYPING

51
Q
  • is the stereotyped repetition of words or phrases
    that may or may not have meaning to the listener.
    e.g. “I want to go home, go home, go
    home, go home.”
A

Verbigeration

52
Q
  • describes a condition in which the client with
    schizophrenia passively yields all moveable
    parts of the body to any efforts made at
    placing them in certain positions.
  • Patient who may be perceiving an
    overwhelming emotion or threatening
    stimulus, such as fear or hallucination.
  • e.g. Once placed in position, the arm, leg, or
    head remains in that position for long periods,
    regardless of how uncomfortable it is for the
    client.
A

WAXY FLEXIBILITY (CEREA FLEXIBILITY)

53
Q
  • a state in which the person
    does not react to or is
    unaware of the surroundings.
    He may be motionless and
    mute but conscious.
A

STUPOR

54
Q
  • The client with schizophrenia often
    demonstrates an indifference to or
    disinterest in the environment.
    The bland or flat affect is a
    manifestation of the emotional
    apathy.
A

APATHY

55
Q

describes the behavior associated
with an individual’s feeling state or
emotional tone.

A

AFFECT

56
Q

AFFECT

A

a. Flat
b. Blunt
c. Inappropriate
d. Labile

57
Q

– absence of facial expression

A

Flat

58
Q

– exhibiting few observable facial
expressions
– the typical facial expression is often
described as masklike.

A

Blunt

59
Q

– the individual’s emotional tone is
incongruent with the circumstances.
– e.g. A young woman who laughs when told
of the death of her mother.

A

Inappropriate

60
Q

– is a condition in which emotional tone
changes quickly.
– e.g. A patient may be telling a happy story,
suddenly begin to cry, and then quickly
return to a happy disposition.

A

Labile

61
Q
  • an abnormal, exaggerated feeling of wellbeing which is out of proportion to
    environmental and interpersonal stimuli
  • e.g. “I feel great!” “Terrific!”
A

EUPHORIA

62
Q
  • an affective reaction extending beyond a
    state of euphoria.
  • Characterized by increased anxiety and
    psychomotor activity in which the
    person’s thinking, communications, and
    body movements escalate.
A

ELATION

63
Q
  • clients feel detached from their behavior.
  • e.g. Clients can state their name
    correctly, they feel as if their body
    belongs to someone else, or that their
    spirit is detached from their body.
A

DEPERSONALIZATION

64
Q

MEMORY DISTURBANCES

A
  1. AMNESIA
  2. PARAMNESIA
  3. DÉJÀ VU (French for “already seen”)
  4. JAMAIS VU (French for “Never seen”)
65
Q

– impaired in their ability to recall information or
past events.

A

AMNESIA

66
Q

AMNESIA

A

a. anterograde amnesia
b. retrograde amnesia

67
Q

– loss of memory for recent events

A

anterograde amnesia

68
Q

– forgetting events in one’s past life

A

retrograde amnesia

69
Q

PARAMNESIA

A

– Confabulation

70
Q

– falsification of facts or distortion of memory
which is not deliberate but the result of mental
deterioration which produces gaps in memory
that motivate defensive compensatory actions.

A

Confabulation

71
Q

– the sensation that a new situation has occurred
previously

A

DÉJÀ VU (French for “already seen”)

72
Q

– the sensation of being a stranger when with a
person one knows or when in a familiar place.

A

JAMAIS VU (French for “Never seen”)

73
Q

– involuntary jerking and twitching
of some part of the body; usually
localized in the neck, face and
head.
– of organic etiology but may be of
psychic origin
– anxiety is displaced through such
actions as intermittent eye blinking
and spasmodic movements of the
mouth or neck which are
motivated by unconscious
emotional conflict.

A

TICS AND SPASMS

74
Q

– the individual is delayed in reaching the point of a
communication because of unnecessary and
tedious details.
– Nurse: “How have you been sleeping lately?”
– Client: “Oh, I go to bed early, so I can get plenty
of rest. I like to listen to music or read before bed.
Right now I’m reading a good mystery. Maybe
I’ll write a mystery someday. But it isn’t helping,
reading I mean. I have only been getting 2 or 3
hours of sleep at night.”

A

CIRCUMSTANTIALITY

75
Q

– differs from circumstantiality in that the person
never really gets to the point of the communication.
e.g. Nurse: “How have you been sleeping lately?”
Client: “Oh, I try to sleep at night. I like to
listen to music to help me sleep. I really like
country-western music best. What do you
like? Can I have something to eat pretty soon? I’m
hungry.”
Nurse: “Can you tell me how you’ve been
sleeping?

A

TANGENTIALITY

76
Q

– the coexistence of two opposing drives, desires,
feelings or emotions.
E.g. An individual may have feelings of both love
and hostility toward someone or of wanting and
also fearing an anticipated happening.

A

AMBIVALENCE

77
Q

– false logic of a fantastic nature that is motivated by
a low self-esteem and weak superego.
– Impersonation of celebrities, pathological lying, and the writing of false signature are abnormal uses of the mechanism of identification.

A

PSEUDOLOGICA FANTASTICA

78
Q

– has to do with impairment in the ability to initiate
goal-directed activity.
– in the individual with schizophrenia, this may take
the form of inadequate interest, drive, or ability to
follow a course of action to its logical conclusion.

A

VOLITION

79
Q

– a general slowing of all movements
– sometimes the client may be almost immobile,
curled into a ball (fetal position).

A

PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION

Psychia (3 decks)

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