Finals Flashcards

1
Q

It is the thin ganglia situated along side
the systemic arch and dorsal aorta.

A

Right sympathetic trunk.

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2
Q

These are fine threads projecting from the spinal nerves which, when combined with the sympathetic trunk, will form node-like parts, the sympathetic ganglia.

A

Rami communicans.

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3
Q

These are the small nerves projecting from the 3rd and 6th spinal nerves that combine with many unpaired ganglia.
This plexus innervates the stomach, liver, intestine, pancreas, and spleen.

A

Coeliac or solar plexus.

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4
Q

It is the posterior plexus along the posterior mesenteric artery. It innervates the kidneys, sex organs, and oviducts.

A

Urogenital plexus.

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5
Q

Ten cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Tringeminal (trifacial)
Abducens
Facial
Auditory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

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6
Q

Cranial nerves with motor function

A

Abducens
Occulomotor (moves eyeballs etc.)
Trochlear (rotates the eyeballs)

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7
Q

Cranial nerves with mixed function

A

Tringeminal
Facial
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal

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8
Q

Anterior part of
olfactory
Lining of the nose

A

Olfactory

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9
Q

Ventro-lateral sides
of the diencephalon
Retina of the eye

A

Optic

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10
Q

Ventral side of
mesencephalon
Four eye muscles
(inf. oblique; sup.
oblique; sup., inf., and
internal recti muscles);
iris, lens, and upper
eyelid

A

Occulomotor

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11
Q

Dorsal side of brain, between mesencephalon and metencephalon
Superior oblique
muscles of the eye

A

Trochlear

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12
Q

Antero-lateral margins
of the myelencephalon
Skin of the head, lips
and muscles of lower
jaw and tongue

A

Tringeminal

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13
Q

Ventral side of
myelencephalon
External recti and
retractor bulbi muscles
of the eye

A

Abducens

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14
Q

Sides of the
myelencephalon
posterior to the
trigeminal
Nasal cavities, roof of
the mouth, ear,
muscles
of the lower jaw, and
skin of the throat

A

Facial

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15
Q

Dorso-lateral margins
of myelencephalon

Inner ear

A

Auditory

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16
Q

Sides of myelencephalon behind origin of facial nerve Muscles and mucous
membrane of the tongue and pharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal

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17
Q

Sides of myelencephalon, in common with the roots of the glossopharyngeal
nerve Shoulder muscles, larynx, esophagus, stomach, lungs, and
heart

A

Vagus

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18
Q

is a branch of science which deals with identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms.

A

Taxonomy

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19
Q

provides a system that deals with
the kinds and diversity of organisms and their relationships.

A

Taxonomy

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20
Q

is universally accepted. It includes higher levels followed by lower groups of organisms. Taxon and category are
involved in this type of classification.

A

Linnaean classification

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21
Q

is a group of real organisms
recognized as a unit at any level of classifications.

A

Taxon

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22
Q

the basic
categories in Linnaean classification.

A

Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

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23
Q

are single-celled animals which may occur singly or in
colonies. They have flagella, cilia, and pseudopodia as their locomotory
organelles, while others do not. They live in fresh water, salt water, and
moist soil.

A

Protozoans

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24
Q

Protozoans are

A

Asymmetrical

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25
Protozoans produce through
Sexual and asexual
26
Superclass of phylum protozoa
Superclass Mastigophora. Sarcodina Sporozoa Ciliata
27
These are protozoans with flagella as locomotory organelles. They have three types of nutrition like holozoic, saprozoic, and holophytic modes. Some are free-living or parasitic. They reproduce asexually through longitudinal fission.
Superclass Mastigophora.
28
Superclass mastigophora types of nutrition
holozoic, saprozoic, and holophytic
29
. They possess pseudopodia for locomotion and food capturing. The body is covered with a thin pellicle Cytoplasm is differentiated into an outer ectoplasm and an inner endoplasm. They feed on other protozoans and smaller organisms. Asexual reproduction is done through binary fission or budding.
Superclass Sarcodina
30
In superclass sarcodina asexual reproduction is done through
Asexual reproduction is done through binary fission or budding.
31
These are protozoans which do not produce locomotory organelles. Spores, however, are produced at the end of their life cycle. All are parasitic. Asexual and sexual means of reproduction occur. Sexual reproduction takes place through autogamy, while asexual reproduction takes place through repeated binary or multiple fission.
Superclass Sporozoa.
32
. All possess cilia for food gathering and locomotion. They possess two types of nuclei: one macronucleus (vegetative) and micronucleus (reproductive). Sexual reproduction takes place through conjugation, and asexual reproduction, through budding and fission.
Superclass Ciliata
33
are without tissues or organs but are multicellular. Cells are independent. The body wall is perforated with pores, canals, and flagellated chambers forming a canal system. Skeletons consist of spicules or sponging fibers or both.
Sponges
34
are rayed or with spines and are either calcareous, siliceous, or with sponging fibers.
Spicules
35
Class of phylum porifera
Calcarea Hexactinellida Demospongiae
36
This class has calcareous spicules and one,three, or four rays. The body may be vase-like or with stalk-like valves. This is abundant in shallow marine water.
Class Calcarea.
37
This includes, sponges With siliceous spicules which may be separable or united into networks: They may be cylindrical or funnel-shaped. They are found in a deep marine water
Class Hexactinellida.
38
This includes animals with one to four rayed siliceous spicules or sponging fibers, or both. Their bodies have various shapes. They are mostly marine.
Class Demospongiae.
39
are radially symmetrical, acoelomates with two body layers (diploblastic), or with three body layers triploblastic. The third germ layer, the mesoglea, is sometimes differentiated into muscle tissues. These invertebrates have incomplete digestive tract, diffused nervous system, and separate or united sexes.
Coelenterates
40
There are two types of individual in coelenterata.
polyp and medusa
41
Class in phylum coelenterata
Scyphozoa Hydrozoa Anthozoa
42
These free-swimming or sessile coelenterates with thin mesoglea live either singly or form colonies. There are alternation of generation. The sexual phase is represented by the free-swimming medusa, and the asexual phase, by the hydroid colony. The polyp is without pharynx or septa. They live either in marine or fresh water habitats.
Class hydrozoa
43
In class hydrozoa, The sexual phase is represented by the free-swimming ______, and the asexual phase, by the______ ______. The polyp is without ______
medusa hydroid colony pharynx or septa
44
They live either in marine or fresh water habitats.
Class hydrozoa
45
Mesoglea are well developed. They are free-swimming solitary forms. Larval stage is polypoid, while the adult is medusoid. All are marine. They are commonly called the jellyfishes.
Class Scyphozoa.
46
In class Scyphozoa, Mesoglea are________ They are free-swimming solitary forms. Larval stage is______, while the adult is _______. All are marine. They are commonly called the _______.
well developed. polypoid medusoid jellyfishes
47
Class_______. They are solitary or colonial polypoid coelenterates. The medusoid individual is______. The polypoid individual has ______ and_____ in its gastrovascular cavity. The body has more or less well developed muscles.
Anthozoa absent pharynx septa
48
Phylum_______ include______. pseudocoelomate worms of_____ symmetry. Their bodies are covered with cuticle. They have______ digestive tract.
Aschelminthes unsegmented bilateral complete
49
Class of phylum aschelminthes
Gastrotricha. Rotifera Nematoda Kinorhyncha. Nematomorpha.
50
. The characteristics of those belonging to this class are as follows: a simple pharynx, non-segmented cuticle which has scales or plates which may be spined, and hermaphroditic or parthenogenetic females.
Class Gastrotricha
51
Class ______. This includes animals characterized by a pharynx that is modified into a special grinding structure, the mastax, and cila forming the anterior ring, the corona. Their sexes separate or they are ________ females. There are three body regions: head, trunk, and toot with toes, Their digestive tract is_____ and their excretory organ has_____ cells.
Rotifera parthenogenetic completé flame
52
Class_____. Characteristics of this class include: cuticle with segments, longitudinal muscles with segmental arrangement, and absence of external cilia. Anterior region may be everted or inverted. Sexes are separate and all are marine.
Kinorhyncha
53
Pharynx is present. Lateral epidermal chords contain the excretory ducts. The female reproductive system opens at the exterior. Body is cylindrical and is covered with cuticle. Alimentary canal is straight.
Class nematoda
54
Sexes are separate with females being larger than males. Class members are aquatic, terrestrial or parasitic in both plants and animals.
Nematoda
55
Class________. This class is characterized by the absence of_____ epidermal chords and excretory ducts. _______pharynx, female reproductive system opening into the intestine, parasitic juveniles in arthopods, and_____ sexes.
Nematomorpha lateral undifferentiated separate
56
belong the acoelomates, which have _______symmetrical and_______ bodies, and are flattened ______. Their digestive tract is_______ since the alimentary canal is embedded in the parenchyma of mesodermal cells. It opens through the mouth, with flame cells or protonephridia for excretion. They are______ with respiratory and circulatory systems but with ladder-like nervous system. Free-living forms are found in fresh and marine waters and damp places. Some are ecto- or endoparasites with modified structures and a complicated life cycle.
Phylum platyhelminthes bilaterally unsegmented dorsoventrally incomplete hermaphroditic
57
Class in phylum platyhelminthes
Turbellaria. Trematoda Cestoda
58
Class_____. To this class belong free-living unsegmented flatworms without specialized adhesive organs such as hooks or suckers but with ventral mouths. Most of them are marine; some are freshwater and a few are terrestrial.
Turbellaria
59
. This class includes unsegmented flatworms, having an anterior mouth, one or two specialized organs like anterior, posterior or ventral suckers, and are either ecto- or endo- parasites of vertebrates.
Class Trematoda
60
This class is characterized as follows: unsegmented or pseudometameric parasitic flatworms, without digestive tract, strobilate body, head with scolex usually with suckers and/or hooks, and endoparasitic.
Class Cestoda.
61
are coelomates. The body is divided into similar segments called somites or metameres, visible externally in grooves or internally since the coelom is divided into transverse septa. Other characteristics include: triploblastic and bilaterally symmetrical body, complete digestive tract, ganglionic nervous system with brain, and a pair of ventral nerve cords. Their bodies are covered with nonchitinous cuticle. Parapodia and setae may be present or absent. Nephridian is the excretory organ. Its circulatory system is closed, while sexes are separated or united.
Annelids
62
Class_____. Characteristics of this class are: parapodia with setae, simple prostomium without appendages, segmented, with coelom, with well-developed head bearing appendages, and dioecious (sexes separate). It has free swimming trochophore larva and a marine habitat.
Polychaeta
63
Class_______. This is characterized as follows: no parapodia with few setae, conspicuous segments, and with intersegmental septa, no distinct head with appendages, and small prostomium. It hermaphroditic with genital ducts opening into the coelom by a funnel. At sexual maturity, clitellum appears. Members of this class are mostly terrestrial and freshwater organisms.
Oligochaeta
64
Class_____. This is characterized as follows: no parapodia and setae, with 32-34 segments. Prostomium is present; it has two suckers (anterior and posterior); coelom is reduced and filled with mesenchyme, and it has dorsoventrally flattened body. It iS hermaphroditic, commonly called leech, and found in damp places on land or in fresh water.
Hirudinea
65
Class_______. This is characterized as follows: bilaterally symmetrical with a shell of light transverse, calcareous plates, and ctenidia.
Amphineura
66
Class______. This is marked by an asymmetrical body with Well-developed head and foot; it is spirally coiled, and univalved or with one shell.
Gastropoda
67
Class_______. This is characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical body, a shell with two valves (bivalve) and a mantle with two lobes.
Pelecypoda
68
Class_______. Members of this group have a tubular shell and mantle, a conical foot, and a mouth surrounded by threadlike tentacles (captucula). They have no distinct head.
Scaphopoda
69
Class_______. With bilateral symmetry, this mollusk has a foot divided into arms with suckers. It has a well-developed nervous system concentrated in the head. Body is torpedo-shaped with or without shell and with well-developed head and eyes. Siphon is present.
Cephalopoda
70
are radially symmetrical adult but bilateraly symmétrical larva. They are known for the following; no segmentation and win well-developed coelom; pentamerous or with five arms or rays radiating from the center of the body; water-vascular system; tube feet; a spiny skeleton with calcareous plates; and a complete digestive tract.
Echinodermata
71
Class______. This has arms not sharply marked off from the disk. It is pentamerous and with open ambulacral groove but without pinnules. The madreporite is aboral near the anus.
Asteroidea
72
The class_______. This is characierized as pentamerous and urbowdender arns sharply marked off from the disk with ambulacral Groove, madreporite oral near mouth, and an incompiete digestive trad.
Ophiuroidea
73
Class_____. This group possesses a globose body and is pentamerous without arms. The test of calcareous plates bears movable spines.
Echinoidea
74
Class________. This is characterized by a soft, elongated, and cylindrical body, with muscular wall; it shows no arms and spines; but with tube feet and tentacles around the mouth.
Holothuroidea
75
Class______. Members of this group have branched arms with pinnules and aboral pole with cirri, stalk for temporary or permanent attachment, open ambulacral grooves, and tube feet without suckers. Madreporite is absent.
Crinoidea
76
belong animals with bilateral symmetry, segmented body, with chitinous or calcareous exoskeleton, body with a head, thorax, and abdomen, jointed appendages and, advanced ganglionic nervous system, compound eyes, complete digestive tract reduced coelom, excretory organs like malpighian tubules or green gland, varied respiratory organs such as trachea, booklungs and gills, and separate sexes. These animals may be found in any habitat.
Arthropoda
77
This is characterized by a body divided into head and thorax fused into cephalothorax, with two pairs of antennae, a pair of mandible, two pairs of maxilla, thorax with variable number of appendages which are locomotory or reproductive in function, and with gills for respiration.
Class Crustacea.
78
Its body is divided into cephalothorax and abdomen. The abdomen may be segmented or unsegmented with four pairs of legs, two pedipalpi, and two chelicerae with claws. Antennae are absent and eyes are simple. Booklungs and trachea are used for respiration.
Class Arachnida.
79
Class______. The body is divided into head, thorax, and abdomen. The head has six fused segments, a single pair of antennae, one pair of mandible, and two pairs of maxilla. The thorax has three segments, three pairs of legs, and two pairs of wings. These insects may be winged or wingless. The abdomen has eleven segments. They have trachea for respiration. They are mostly terrestrial or aerial, but some are aquatic during the larval stages.
Insecta
80
Class _____. Body is dorsoventrally flattened. Head has six is of appe segments with one pair of antennae and three pairs of jaws. Trunk has a metaso, many segments, each having one pair of legs except the first which has alist forn a pair of poison claws. Last two segments are limbless. Spiracles are with a te paired. Most are carnivorous and nocturnal. Gonads are dorsal to alimentary canal. Genital aperture is in the last segment.
Chilopoda
81
Class______. Body is elongated and cylindrical. Head has five segments with club-shaped antennae, a pair of mandible, and a pair of maxilla. Thorax is single with four segments. Trunk segments are double bearing two pairs of legs each. Gonads are ventral to alimentary canal. Genital aperture is on the third trunk segment. To this class belong the herbivorous millipedes.
Diplopoda
82
Class_________. Prosoma (cephalothorax) has five similar gads metasoma® R78- 0gpislh soma (abdomen) is divided into mesosoma the first forms a genital operculum, while metasoma has no appendages but with a telson.
Merostomata
83
This phylum is characterized by bilateral symmetry and true body gity, such body regions as head, trunk, and tail with notochord dorsal in digestive tube and ventral to the nerve cord, presence of pharyngeal its, and found in any habitat.
Chordata
84
Subphylum_______. Described as marine; this is characterized by an asymmetrical body with incurrent and excurrent siphons, a tail with notochord in the larval stage only, and large and numerous pharyngeal slits.
Urochordata
85
Subphylum Cephalochordata. Also described as marine, this phylums has the following characteristics : notochord along the entire length of the body persising throughout life, and numerous pharyngeal gill slits gill slits.
86
Subphylum______. A vertebral column replaces notochord in adults. There are few pharyngeal gill slits. Paired appendages are in the form of fins or limbs. Hindlimbs are modified into flippers or are absent, while forelimbs are modified into wings.
Vertebrata
87
The two laws of probability are the____ Rule and the____ Rule.
Product Sum
88
which states that chromosomes separate from each other during anaphase or cell division;
law of segregation
89
which explains that non-homologous chromosomes behave independently of each other during cell division.
law of independent assortment which explains that non-homologous chromosomes behave independently of each other during cell division.
90
are pairs of genes in the same loci of homologous chromosomes that control a contrasting observable trait.
Alleles
91
is the observable trait of an organism;____ is its genetic make-up.
Phenotype Genotype
92
_____or pure breeds produce only one kind of offspring or one kind of gamete, while____- or hybrids produce two kinds of gametes. In a heterozygote, the observable trait which is expressed is the____ trait, while one which is not expressed is the_____ trait.
Homozygotes heterozygotes dominant recessive
93
refers to the count of individuals of a species within a quadrat.
Density