finals

Question 1

visual imagery

Answer 1

seeing in the absence of a visual stimulus

Question 2

mental imagery

Answer 2

ability to re-create the sensory world in the absence of physical stimuli, imagine tastes, smells, sounds, and tactile experiences

Question 3

how does imagery value add?

Answer 3

provides a way of thinking that adds another dimension to the verbal techniques

Question 4

imageless thought debate

Answer 4

a debate about whether thought is impossible without an image or do visual imagery and thinking go hand in hand (complement each other, supportive)

Question 5

Wundt (imagery)

Answer 5

images were one of the three basic elements of consciousness, along with sensations and feelings
proposed that studying i,ages was a way of studying thinking because images accompanied thought

Question 6

Francis Galton

Answer 6

provided evidence that imagery was not required for thinking because people who had great difficulty forming visual images were still very much capable of thinking

Question 7

Alan Paivio

Answer 7

showed that it is easier to remember concrete nouns (that can be imagined) vs abstract nouns (that are difficult to imagine)
used paired-associate learning

Question 8

paired-associate learning

Answer 8

present participants with pairs of words e.g., boat-hat or cat-house, the task is to recall the paired word when the first word in the pair is presented, if the word was boat, the correct answer would be hat

Question 9

conceptual peg hypothesis

Answer 9

concrete nouns create images that other words can “hang onto”
you imagine one noun, and the other noun can be add added or attached to the same imagery

Question 10

mental chronometry

Answer 10

by Shepard and Metzler
used quantitative method to study imagery and suggest that imagery and perception may share the same mechanism
shown 2 geometric blocks that are rotated, task was to determine if the blocks are the same
the time taken (longer time if the blocks were rotated more) shows that we are mentally rotating the block to figure out

Question 11

mental scanning

Answer 11

creating mental images and then scan them in their minds

Question 12

Kosslyn’s mental scanning experiments

Answer 12

• asked participants to memorise a picture of an object
• create an mage of that object in their mind
• focus on one part of the boat and asked to look for another part of the boat
• should take longer for participants to find parts that are located farther from the initial point of focus