Final_5_Parkinsons_Disease Flashcards
PD primarily affects
neurons in the substantia nigra
Primary movement symptoms of PD
Motor impairments: Tremor of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face Bradykinesia- slowness of movement Rigidity – stiffness of the limbs Postural instability
Non-Motor Impairment Cognitive impairment Depression and anxiety Sleep difficulties Mood disturbances Decreased motor learning ability
Risk Factors of sporadic PD
*Age - the most important risk factor. •Positive family history •Male gender •Life style: boxing, head trauma, etc. •Environmental exposure •Drugs: heroin contaminated with MPTP •Viral infection
AlmostallgeneticmutationsandtoxinsassociatedwithPD,affectoneoftwocriticalcellularfunctions
MitochondriaorProteasomes
Current treatment for Parkinson’s disease
-Pharmacological:
Levodopa to raise dopamine levels
-Surgical: Deep brain stimulation to stimulate dopamine production. Lesions to destroy the globus pallidus, which is involved in motor control
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a loss of ____________________ neurons in
the _____________________.
Dopaminergic, substantia nigra
Causes of PD are:
a. Sporadic
b. Familial (genetic)
c. Environmental
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Lewy bodies in PD are composed of which of the following aggregate protein?
c. Alpha-synuclein
The A53T mutation in the _____________ protein was the first mutation identified for
PD. ______________ of the gene that encodes this protein has also been shown to
cause PD.
b. Alpha-synuclein, duplication
All of the following are true about therapeutic approaches to treating Parkinson’s disease
EXCEPT:
a. Patients may be administered drugs to raise dopamine levels
b. In extreme cases, lesioning of the amygdala may be necessary, which is
involved in motor control
c. Deep brain stimulation may be utilized to stimulate dopamine production
d. All of the above are true
b. In extreme cases, lesioning of the amygdala may be necessary, which is involved in motor control
d. All of the above are true
Which of the following functions are impaired with Parkinson’s disease?
a. Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels
b. Degradation of cytosolic proteins
c. Clearance of intracellular and extracellular waste
d. Mitochondria dysfunction
e. All of the above
All of the above
