Final: Wound Care Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of wound demonstrates normal physiology?

A

Acute wounds

-lacteration, avulsion, skin tear

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2
Q

Which type of wound has delayed healing?

A

Chronic wounds

-diabetic ulcers, or other types of ulcers

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3
Q

What are the goals of acute wound treatment? (3)

A

Avoid infection
Assist hemostasis
Provide an esthetically pleasing scar

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4
Q

What are some important history topics to obtain for acute wounds? (5)

A
Mechanism of injury
Location
Time/Age of injury
Risk factors for healing
Associated symptoms
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5
Q

What immunization is important to check on for acute wounds

A

Tetanus

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6
Q

What is the most important physical exam to perform on an acute wound?

A

Complete neurovascular exam distal to the injury

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7
Q

What are the three options for closure of acute traumatic wounds?

A

Primary closure
Delayed primary
Secondary intent

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8
Q

Describe primary closure of a wound

A

Wound is closed in the acute phase, on initial presentation to provider
-lowest risk for scar and infection

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9
Q

Describe delayed primary closure of a wound

A

Wounds present for >24 hours
-wound that is irrigated, cleaned and debrided with repair scheduled in next 4-6 days

Better than secondary healing

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10
Q

Describe healing by secondary intent

A

Wound is allowed to heal spontaneously, and heals form inside out
-healing is slower and often leads to significant scarring

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11
Q

How do you prepare/clean the skin for wound repair?

A

Povidone/iodine, or chlorhexidine on wound margin

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12
Q

Do you soak wounds in water?

A

Nope, increases risk for infection

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13
Q

What should you document before giving anesthesia?

A

A complete neuro exam of the area

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14
Q

Should you use lidocaine with epi on fingers, nose, penis, toes, or ears?

A

Nope, those organs have single blood supply

-causes necrosis

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15
Q

When are adhesive/steri-strips indicated for wound closure? (4)

A

Low tension
Linear wounds
Superficial
Areas of thin skin

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16
Q

When is adhesives/glue indicated for wound closure?

A

Low tension
linear
superficial
<4cm

17
Q

When are staples indicated for wound closure?

A

Scalp lacerations

Linear laceration on trunk/extremities where cosmetics are not priority

18
Q

What is the most common way to close a wound?

A

Suture

19
Q

Which sutures are smaller (thinner), 11 gauge or 0 gauge?

A

11

-higher is thinner

20
Q

What are some examples of nonabsorbable sutures?

A

Monofilamentous: ethilon or prolene

Multifilamentous: silk

21
Q

What are some examples of absorbable sutures?

A

Vicryl, polysorb

22
Q

How long is a non-adhesive dressing left on sutures?

A

at leas 24 hours
-after which, nonabsorbale sutures can be cleaned with soap and water

Can also put on antibiotic ointment

23
Q

When should you prescribe prophylactic antibiotics?

A

For pts with increase risk for infection

  • animal bites
  • intraoral
  • open fractures
  • Deep wounds
  • immunocompromised
24
Q

What are the common types of chronic wounds and describe how they happen?

A

Decubitus Ulcers
-from people in a sustained position for a long time; bedridden; over bony prominences

Diabetic foot Ulcers
-due to vascular compromise and infection; tx w Abs

Ischemic Ulcers

  • due to lack of vascular supply (PAD)
  • try to optimize blood flow

Venous stasis ulcers

  • Venous HTN or dysfunction of valves
  • Tx: compression therapy
25
Q

What are the goals of chronic wound treatment? (5)

A
Reduce pain, itching, odor
Minimize infection
Deal w excessive exudate
Address psychologic issues
Cover it
26
Q

How do you treat chronic wounds?

A

Optimize wound bed
Apply dressing and topical agents
Delayed closure for grafts

27
Q

How do wound dressings facilitate chronic wound healing

A

Eliminate dead space
Controll exudate
Prevent bacteria
Ensure proper fluid balance

28
Q

When do you use antibiotics in chronic wounds?

A

Only in clinically evident infections!

29
Q

When is glue/adhesives contraindicated?

A

Bites
Contaminated wounds

Need to let these types of wounds drain

30
Q
What suture sizes should you use for:
Face
Scalp
Trunk
Extremities
Oral
A
Face: 5-0 to 6-0
Scalp: 4-0 to 5-0
Trunk: 4-0
Extremities: 3-0 to 4-0
Oral: 4-0 to 5-0
31
Q

Why should you remove sutures as fast as possible?

A

Longer the suture stays in, more of a scar

32
Q

How long should you wait to remove sutures for:

Face
Scalp
Trunk
Extremities

A

Face: 5 days
Scalp: 5 days
Trunk: 7-10 days
Extremities: 7-10 days

33
Q

What stage of decubitus ulcer: intact skin that’s red?

A

Stage 1

34
Q

What stage of decubitus ulcer: partial thickness loss with exposed dermis

A

stage 2

35
Q

What stage of decubitus ulcer: full thickness loss of skin, adipose tissue is present

A

stage 3

36
Q

What stage of decubitus ulcer: full thickness loss of skin with fascia, muscle, tendon or ligament exposed

A

stage 4