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Microbiology > Final: Urinary and Reproductive > Flashcards

Final: Urinary and Reproductive Flashcards

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1
Q

Symptoms of UTIs

A
  • urge to urinate
  • burning sensation
  • frequent, small amounts of urine
  • cloudy urine OR bright pink or “cola colored”
  • strong smelling
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2
Q

Pain caused by UTI’s

A

Women: pelvic
Men: rectal

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3
Q

Top Pathogens causing UTIs

A
  1. Escherichia coli (80-85%)
  2. Staphylococcus saprophytic (5-10%)
  3. Proteus Mirabilis– only cause UTIs but not frequently
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4
Q

UTIs often _________bacteria into the urethra and are more common in ______ and spread easily by _____ in a nosocomial environment

A

self-inoculate fecal; women; urinary catheters cause nosocomial infection

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5
Q

Leptospirosis is spread via

A

urine contaminated water (common in dogs)

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6
Q

Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis symtpoms

A

sudden appearance of edema, hematuria, proteinuria and hypertension and irreversible kidney damage

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7
Q

APSGN pathogen

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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8
Q

APSCN occurs

A

10-14 days after a strep infection

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9
Q

Leptospirosis pathogen

A

leptospirosis interrogans

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10
Q

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome symptoms

A

sudden onset of extremely low BP, confusion, severe red rash, loss of sheets of skin. Can cause shock and be fatal

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11
Q

Pathogen of STSS

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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12
Q

STSS can be caused by a

A

TSS toxin growing in a wound (men can get) or in an abraded vagina

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13
Q

People most at risk of STSS

A

menstruating females

-avoid super-absorbent tampons

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14
Q

STSS is considered a

A

medical emergency

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15
Q

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

A

white vaginal discharge and a “fishy” odor

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16
Q

Pathogen causing BV

A

various anaerobic bacterias

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17
Q

BV can be associated with

A

multiple sexual partners (NOT AN STI) and vaginal douching because they both change the pH of the vagina

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18
Q

Vaginal yeast infection AKA

A

fungal vaginitis, candidiasis

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19
Q

Symptoms of a Vaginal yeast infection

A

severe vaginal itching and burning, odor-free, cottage cheese appearance (vaginal discharge)

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20
Q

Pathogen causing vaginal yeast infection

A

most commonly: candida albicans

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21
Q

Candida overgrowths occur when

A

vaginal pH or microbiota changes

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22
Q

STIs are a _______worldwide occurs

A

common

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23
Q

______ are at a higher risk of getting an STI

A

females

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24
Q

Prevention of STIs

A

abstinence, mutual monogamy, safe sex practices

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25
Q

Gonorrhea AKA

A

the clap

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26
Q

Gonorrhea in men

A

painful urination and pus-filled discharge called urethritis

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27
Q

Gonorrhea in women

A

often asymptomatic (50-80%) but can trigger pelvic inflammatory response

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28
Q

Pathogen causing gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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29
Q

Gonorrhea more likely in:

A

19X more common in African Americans

More common in females

30
Q

You can be infected ______ times with gonorrhea

A

multiple

31
Q

Women with Chlamydia

A

usually asymptomatic

32
Q

Men with Chlamydia

A

painful urination and non-gonococcal urethritis (pus discharge from penis)

33
Q

Pathogen causing chlamydia

A

chlamydia trachoma’s

34
Q

Elementary bodies

A

infective form

35
Q

reticulate bodies

A

reproductive form

36
Q

Chlamydia is the most common ______ STD in the US

A

reportable

37
Q

Infection of chlamydia in adolescence increases the risk of ______

A

cervical cancer

38
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

chronic infection of lymphatic system causing a genital lesion and bubo in groin

39
Q

Lymphogranuloma Venereum is an STD caused by different strains of

A

chlamydia trachomatis

40
Q

Granuloma inguinale causes a

A

small, painless nodule that bursts and creates a “beefy red lesion”

41
Q

Pathogen causing Granuloma inguinal

A

Klebsiella Granulomatis

42
Q

transmission of Granuloma inguinale

A

sexually through contact with open sores

43
Q

4 stages of syphilis

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Latent
  4. Tertiary
44
Q

Primary stage of syphilis

A

small, painless, reddened chancre at site of infection 10-21 days after exposure

45
Q

Secondary stage of syphilis

A

widespread rash (no pain or itching, lasting months) and mild illness

46
Q

Latent (3rd) stage of syphilis

A

clinically inactive

*most cases don’t advance beyond this

47
Q

Tertiary (4th) stage of syphilis

A

1/3 of cases progress to this.

Causes dementia and gummas

48
Q

Gummas

A

rubbery, painful swollen lesions that occur in bones, nerve tissue or skin

49
Q

Pathogen causing syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum pallidum

50
Q

Syphilis occurs ______ and is transmitted mostly _____ but sometimes ___-

A

worldwide; via sexual contact; mother to child

51
Q

Chancroid symptoms

A

soft chancres (genital ulcers) that are large, painful, and white to pink

asymptomatic in females as chancre’s can be internal

52
Q

Pathogen causing Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

53
Q

Chancroid is transmitted

A

sexually

54
Q

Genital Herpes are

A

small, painful blisters on or around the genitals or rectum that disappear after a short time but reoccur

55
Q

Pathogen causing genital herpes

A

HHV2 is most common

-stays latent in sacral ganglia

56
Q

Genital herpes are a ____ STD that is transmitted ____ and quadruples the risk of ______ infection

A

viral; sexually; HIV

57
Q

Genital Warts

A

warts on the genitalia. Can be large growths “cauliflower-like” called condylomata acuminata

58
Q

Pathogen causing genital warts

A 
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV)
can cause cervical cancer in women and oropharyngeal cancer in men
59
Q

Genital warts are _____ transmitted and the most common STD in the US but are not _____

A

sexually; reportable

60
Q

AIDS is not a disease but a

A

syndrome

61
Q

AIDS can lead to other infections such as:

A
  • Candidiasis
  • PCP
  • Shingles
  • CMV
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma
  • Disseminated herpes
  • Tuberculosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
62
Q

HIV is founding

A

blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions and breast milk

63
Q

To spread, HIV infected fluid must

A

contact a tear or lesion in the skin or mucous membrane

it can also be injected into the body

64
Q

Blood test detecting antibodies against HIV

A

HIV + does NOT mean the patient has AIDS

65
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma is a type of ___ cancer causing:

A

skin; bluish-red or purple bumps on the skin

66
Q

pathogen causing Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

HHV-8

67
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma is rarely seen in

A

immunocompetent patients. Very common in those with HIV/AIDS

68
Q

Tricomoniasis symptoms

A

“frothy green” vaginal discharge and irritation

-males are usually asymptomatic

69
Q

pathogen causing trichomoniasis

A

trichomonad vaginalis

70
Q

Trichomoniasis is transmitted primarily

A

via sexual intercourse. It is curable in women and increases the risk of an HIV infection

Microbiology (11 decks)

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