Final Test Study Guide Flashcards
What are the part of an insurance contract? (4)
- Declarations;
- Insuring Agreement;
- Exclusions;
- Conditions.
What info is in the declarations section of the policy/contract? (4)
- Insured info
- Premiums
- Period of Coverage
- Policy Limits
What is in the Insuring Agreement section of the policy/contract?
defines the coverages contained w/in the policy
What is found in the Exclusions section of the policy/contract?
eliminated coverages
What is found in the Conditions section of the policy/contract?
the requirements that must be met before a payment will be made
What is a contract of adhesion?
means that one party, the insured, cannot negotiate the terms of the contract.
What is required to win a claim for negligence? (4)
- defendant had a duty to act or not act
- defendant breached that duty
- defendant’s breach of duty was the cause of the plaintiff’s injury
- there was actual injury to the plaintiff
What is Direct Loss and Indirect Loss?
Direct Loss: physical harm/damage to tangible property
Indirect Loss: economic loss that results from the direct loss
What time is required to cancel an auto binder?
5 days
What is the definition of Property Insurance (vs LX)?
any insurance where the payment by the insurance company is made to the insured or others with an interest similar to the insured
What is the definition of Liability Insurance (vs Prop)?
payment by the insurance company will be made to a
third-party injured or damaged by the insured.
What is a peril?
an event that may cause a loss
What is a hazard?
something that may increase the risk of loss by peril
What are the three types of hazard?
- moral
- morale
- physical
How does a straight deductible work?
a set amount that is subtracted from the loss, that the insd has agreed to be responsible for
How does a franchise deductible work?
If value of the loss is equal to, or more than, the deductible, the full loss will be paid (no deductible).
If the value of the loss does not meet the deductible, then there is no payment made.
What is Valued Policy Law?
If there is a covered total loss to building, structure, mobile home, or manufactured housing unit, the ins company must pay policy limits, and not ACV.
What is a Mortgagee Clause?
Clause that protects a lender as an insured, that makes a loan secured by real property
What is a Loss Payable Clause?
Clause that protects a lender as an insured, that makes a loan secured by personal property (called loss payee)
What is the Principal of Utmost Good Faith? (2)
- all insurance contracts based on this
- assumed that parties to an insurance policy have disclosed all relevant fact and intend to carry out their obligations
What is a waiver?
act of voluntarily giving up a known right
What types of waivers are applicable to insurance? (2)
- Express: written waiver of giving up a right under the contract
- Implied: giving up a right due to violation/negligence
What is the Principal of Indemnity?
An insured may recover loss to the point of being made whole, but cannot profit from a payment made for a loss
What is Proximate Cause?
all damages that result from an unbroken chain between a covered event and damage that grows out of the event are covered
What is negligence?
failure to exercise the same degree of care a reasonable person would use to protect others from an unreasonable risk of harm
What is the Burden of Proof if a Civil Case?
that the evidence was more likely than not, the greater weight of evidence
How does Co-Insurance Work?
The insd must carry a specific amount/% of coverage to recover 100% of a covered loss limit.
If this min % isn’t carried, than the insd’s settlement will be reduced by the short %.
How does a percentage deductible work?
requires a deduction of a percentage of the value of the property or a percentage of the policy limits
What type of releases are available to settle a claim? (3)
- can take several forms - simple to complicated
- an adjuster can only fill in the blanks on a printed release prepared by co’s legal dept
- “contract of release” generally used, extinguishes any cause of action arising from the occurrence, whether known or unknown
What is a tort? (2)
- a civil wrong, not arising from a contract, for which money damages may be had
- Civil and Criminal
What are compensatory damages? (2)
- money awarded to a plaintiff to compensate for damages, injury, or another incurred loss.
- awarded in civil court cases for loss that was result of negligence or unlawful conduct of another party.
What are punitive damages?
awarded when the acts of a defendant are so outrageous that it is necessary to punish that defendant and deter others
What is a complaint in a lawsuit? (4)
- initial document a plaintiff files with the Clerk of Court to begin a lawsuit.
- The complaint will list:
- the facts of the case or event,
- what the defendant(s) did wrong and
- what the plaintiff is seeking in damages
What is an answer in a lawsuit?
the defendant’s response to the initial complaint, denying or affirming the charges
What are the elements of a proof of loss? (5)
- origin of loss
- proximate cause
- interest of the insd and all other persons in the property
- changes to title, location. use or possession
- all contracts of insurance that applied to the property
What do property and liability policies cover?
the person/insured, transfer the risk to the company
What is the primary function of the Dept of Financial Services?
oversees the Dept of Insurance
Is the information in an insurance application a warranty?
Yes - in regard to the insured answering truthfully. Any false answers can void the policy.
(1) A guarantee of the performance of a product. Product warranties are included within the definition of the named insured’s product in general liability policies. (2) A statement of fact given to an insurer by the insured concerning the insured risk which, if untrue, will void the policy.
What are the elements an adjuster investigates in a liability claim? (6) (FIB-CAR)
- was insd was guilty of negligent act
- was clmt guilty of comparative negligence
- was risk of injury assumed
- is claim actionable because of relationship of parties
- facts surrounding claim
- can clmt meet burden of proof the law requires
What is comparative negligence?
a verdict that allows a verdict in favor of defendant to be reduced by % of negligence that the plaintiff contributed to the loss
What is contributory negligence?
if a plaintiff is found to be even 1% AF, the plaintiff will recover nothing.
What is rule 69B-220.201?
Under FL Administrative Code: Code of Ethics.
Short: Provides that the work of adjusting insurance claims engages the public trust and adjuster must put the duty for fair and honest treatment of the clmt above the adjuster’s own interests.
What is assumption of risk?
plaintiff knowingly exposed herself to danger of injury
What is the FL statute of limitations in which to file a lawsuit?
4 years
What is the definition of damages in FL?
money
What does being a fiduciary mean?
having a responsibility of loyalty to the interest of the principal, insurance company and insured
What is a charge or encumbrance on a claim called? (3)
interest party (lienholder/loss payee)
What is an encumbrance? (3)
- An encumbrance is a claim against a property by a party that is not the owner.
- An encumbrance can impact the transferability of the property and restrict its free use until the encumbrance is lifted.
- The most common types of encumbrance apply to real estate; these include mortgages, easements and property tax liens.
What is salvage?
property that is a total loss (cost of repair is higher than the value of the property)
What is the requirement to settle the claim of a minor child? (3)
- settled w/both parents/guardians
- amount cannot exceed $15,000
- if larger than $15,000 must be approved by courts
What does that FL Unfair Insurance Trade Practices Act penalize? (6)
- misrepresentation to an insd, clmt, and for certain business practices including:
- failing to act promptly
- denying claims w/out investigation
- not affirm/deny claim w/in 30 days
- not explaining claim denials in writing
- not maintaining complaint handling procedures
What is FL statute 626.9541?
FL Unfair Insurance Trade Practices Act
What type of release is an adjuster permitted to prepare?
can only fill in blanks on form that was prepared by company’s legal dept
Who does lx insurance protect?
the defendant
What does tort lx insurance provide coverage for? (1)
tort liability for unintentional tort (sometimes intentional)
Who has the right to settle auto lx claims?
insurance company when acting in good faith and reasonable judgment
What does the Financial Responsibility Law require? (2)
- if you own a registered veh in FL, that you carry sufficient financial insurance to pay for damages in an accident,
- specifically 10/20/10 LX insurance
What is a form SR-22? (3)
- form filed by insurance that certifies LX coverage of 10/20/10 is in effect
- required when insd didn’t have lx coverage at time of accident
- must be done to avoid suspension of DL and veh reg
What is the statue of limitations for Medical Payment coverage?
for services rendered w/in 3 years from DOL
When is Med Pay available? (2)
- when in covered auto with more than 4 wheels
2. applies to NI, family members, other person occupying auto
An insured has basic PIP with a $1000 deductible. If the insured is injured in an accident and has $2,000 in covered medicals, how much will PIP pay?
a. $1,000 b. $800 c. $600 d. Not enough information to determine
b. $800
2000-1000 = 1000 post ded
1000*.80=800
An insured had basic PIP coverage with no deductible. He had an accident that occurred January 2, 2018 and sought medical treatment within 14 days, but was not diagnosed as having an emergency medical condition. Medical bills totaled $3000. What will PIP pay?
a. $3000 b. $2500 c. $2400 d. $1600
c. $2400
3000-0=3000 post ded
No emc dx = 2500 limit
3000*.8=2400
I have Additional PIP-$90,000 and Extended PIP. I was in an accident in 2017 and have $100,000 in medicals and $1,000 in lost wages. What will PIP pay?
a. $100,800 b. $100,000 c. $90,800 d. $90,600
b. $100,000
Addtl PIP = 10000+90000=100,000 basic + addtl
Extend PIP = 100% med, 80% LW
Assuming no ded
Med: 100000100%=100,000
LW: 1000.80=800
Max limit = $100,000, maxed by the med bills.
An insured has PIP with a $1000 deductible. If the insured has an accident and
incurs covered medical bills in the amount of $1200, what will PIP pay?
a. $160
b. $200
c. $1000
d. $1200
a. $160 Assuming basic PIP = $10K Ded = $1K 1200 - 1000 = 200 post ded 200*.80=160
An insured had basic PIP. He had an auto accident in 2017. Medicals were $8,000. Lost wages were $2000. What is left from basic PIP for death?
a. $5000 b. $2800 c. $2400 d. $0
Assume no ded Basic $10K Med pay 80%, Lost 60% Med: 8000*.8=6400 Lost: 2000*.6=1200.0 6400 -1200=5200 10000-5200 = 4800 remain overall Death = 5000 - post 2013 sep from rest
What vehicles are covered by auto lx insurance? (2) (re: ownership)
- primary coverage for veh owned by the insd
2. excess coverage on veh not owned by insd
What vehicles are excluded by auto lx insurance? (3) (types of veh)
- veh owned by or available for regular use of family member that is not insd
- veh w/less than 4 wheels
- veh designed mainly for use off public roads
What is the definition of bodily injury?
bodily harm, sickness, disease or death resulting from the proximate cause
What is excluded from auto lx coverage? (4) (IEUT)
- intentional injury or damage
- property owned or being transported by the insd
- injuries to an employee while on the job
- using the veh w/out reasonable belief of permission
What coverage is primary to PIP?
worker’s compensation
What is an uninsured motorist claim? (4)
- clmt carried no lx insurance
- clmt doesn’t carry enough lx insurance to pay for insd’s dammages
- clmt who lx insurance co is insolvent
- hit and run driver
What is Additional PIP?
Adds an additional $90K to Basic PIP, giving $100K total
What is Extended PIP? (3)
Increases the % of reasonable Pip Med and Pip Lost Wages, (not exceeding PIP limits)
PIP Med Exp = 100%
PIP Lost Wages = 80%
How is a UM claim settled? (4)
- No duplicate coverage/recovery permitted. So any WC, Med Pay, PIP, Disability is deducted from settlement before paying on UM
- Damages determined by:
a. agreement between insd & UM insurer
b. arbitration between insd & UM insurer
c. if insd refuses arb, litigation against AF driver & UM insurer
How much can an insd recover from his own 10/20/10 lx policy?
none, only pays out to clmt
How does the PIP tort exemption work?
person who is AF is excused from responsibility for damages based on amt PIP actually pays injured party or would have paid the party, as long as AF has the required PIP ins
What is Part D of a Personal Auto Policy?
Other Damages to your Auto (Coll & Comp)
In which coverage is the insurance company’s promise to defend the insured? (3)
Auto - A/LX
Property - E
LX policy
What does ‘occupying’ mean in regard to auto?
in, upon, getting in, on , out or off
How does the PIP deductible work? (2)
- It is applied before the %’s are figured (taken from the loss amount, even if more than the PIP limit)
- only applies NI and family members
When is PIP available to the insured? (6)
- NI, family when riding in any veh in FL
- NI, family when pedestrian in FL
- any psgr riding in insd’s veh who doesn’t have PIP & doesn’t own a reg veh in FL
- if insd strikes pedestrian who is FL res and pedestrian doesn’t have/isn’t required to have PIP from any other source, pedestrian collects from insd
- NI and family when in insd veh out of state
- psgr that isn’t family doesn’t collect when out of state
If you know how much Coverage A is in a Homeowners policy, do you know how much Coverage B and Coverage C would be?
Yes -
Cov B is normally 10% of A.
Cov C is normally 50% of Cov A.
What is generally the limit for property of insd located at the residence other than the main dwelling?
10% of Cov C, but not less than $1000
What is generally the limit to the loss of money, precious metals, stored value cards, and smart cards?
$200
What is generally the limit per occurrence for securities, watercraft, trailer accessories/equipment, trailers not used withwatercraft, loss by theft of jewelry, watches, furs, precious/semi precious stones, electronics (cell phone, stero, computer)?
$1500
What is generally the limit for business property on residence premises, or loss by theft of silverware, gold-ware, firearms and related equipment?
$2500
What is ‘all risk” coverage in a HO policy
Means all named risks are covered unless specifically excluded
What are the covered “nature” risks in an All Risk policy? (9) (THINK EARTH, WIND & FIRE)
- fire
- lightning
- windstorm
- hail
- smoke
- falling objects
- weight of ice/snow/sleet
- volcanic eruption
- catastrophic ground cover collapse (sinkhole - FL endorsement)
What are the more man-made risks in an All Risk policy? (7)
- explosion
- riot or civil commotion
- aircraft
- vehicles
- vandalism or malicious mischief
- theft
- sudden/accidental damage from artificial generated electrical current
What are the water/damage risks in an All Risk policy? (6)
- accidental discharge or overflow of water or steam from:
- plumbing
- heating
- a/c
- sprinkler system
- household appliance
In an HO-3 policy, is the coverage all risk or named peril for A-C? (3)
- A = all risk
- B = all risk
- C = named peril
What type of coverage (all risk or named peril) apply to HO-4 and HO-6?
named peril for both
What is Inland Marine Coverage?
provides coverage for cargo traveling overland, instead of by sea
What type of property does Inland Marine coverage not protect?
stationary property (real estate, furniture, fixtures in the course of manufacture)
What are the eligible risks in Inland Marine insurance? (6) (BIPECD)
- Imports
- Exports
- Domestic shipments
- Instrumentalities of Transportation or Communication
- Personal Property Floater risks
- Commercial Property Floater Risks
What is Ocean Marine coverage?
coverage for perils associated with water transport
What is hull insurance in an Ocean Marine policy?
provides coverage for loss or damage to a vessel named risks
What are the named risks on hull coverage? (8) (FLEA-JOB-P)
- fire
- lightning
- earthquake
- assailing thieves (pirates)
- perils of the sea
- jettison
- barratry of matter
- other like perils
What is barratry under Ocean Marine Insurance?
raud or gross negligence of a ship’s master or crew at the expense of its owners or users.
What is jettison under Ocean Marine Insurance?
throw or drop (something) from an aircraft or ship.
What is an “average deductible form” for ocean marine insurance?
a stated, flat deduction for any loss
What is freight coverage? (2)
coverage for the vessel owner when freight charges aren’t paid (ie - money that was to be earned on the cargo)
What is Protection and Indemnity coverage? (4)
covers liabilities such as:
- injuries to passengers
- members or crew
- persons on other ships
- damage to cargo/docs/other property
What does “average” mean in ocean marine insurance?
loss or damage
What is the general average clause in ocean marine insurance?
loss which is a voluntary sacrifice on part of ship or cargo, made by the master of the ship to avoid a common peril that might destroy the entire ship/cargo unless sacrifice was made
What does workers’ compensation provide for funeral expense?
actual funeral expenses,not exceeding $7500
What is the limit of medical expenses in workers’ comp? (2)
- any required medical treatment, including medicines, nursing care, or hospital care
- there is no dollar limitation
What are the types of health insurance? (5)
- Social Security Rider
- COLA rider
- Medicare supplement insurance
- Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
- Preferred Provider Org (PPO)
What is the deductible in an umbrella policy? (2)
called a self-insured retention or retainer, generally $250
How is employee theft coverage written (types of coverage)? (3)
- Scheduled Persons Coverage
- Scheduled Position Coverage
- Blanket Coverage