Final- Sympathetics Quiz Flashcards
Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic located
T1-L2 or L3 in the lateral horn
Where do sympathetic neurons exit the cord
Anterior rootlets, following the anterior primary rami
How do the rootless exit?
Enter the sympathetic trunk via the white ramus communicans
Where do most of the preganglionic sympathetics synapse?
Synapse on the postganglionic cells in the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
What do the other preganglionic sympathetics go if dont synapse in the sympathetic trunk
Pass through the sympathetic trunk to be carried in the splanchinic nerves to synapse in prevertebral plexuses associated with the abdomicnopelvic viscera
Preganglionic sympathetics release
ACH
What is the sympathetic trunks made of
Two paravertebral columns of interconnected ganglia
What kind of fibers does the sympathetic trunk carry
Ascending and descending fibers
The sympathetic trunk goes from
Superior cervical ganglion inferior to the ganglion impar
The sympathetic trunk only unites
Inferiorly
how many ganglia are in the sympathetic trunk
21 or 22. Normally 21 because two ganglia fuse to form a stellate ganglia
How are the ganglia broken up
Cervical-3
Thoracic-11
Lumbar-4
Sacral-4
What two ganglia normally make up the stellate ganglia
Lower cervical and upper thoracic
Where is the trunk located in the cervical area? In the thoracic area? Lumbar and lower thoracic areas
Cervical- posterior to carotid shealth
Thoracic- anterior to the necks of ribs
Lumbar- resting on lateral aspect of vertebral bodies
Sacrum- anterior aspect, joining at level of coccyx
Where does the cervical sympathetic trunk located
Lies between carotid shealth and the longus colli and capitis muscles on the PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA
Does the cervical trunk have white rami communicans
NO
But gray rami communicans to each cervical nerve
What are the three cervical ganglia
Superior, middle, INferior
What two ganglia form the stellate ganglia
Inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglion fuse
What is the largest cervical ganglia
The superior, formed by the union of the upper four cervical ganglia
Where is the superior cervical ganglia located
level of C2-C3, between carotid shealth and longus capitis
Where are the postganglionic fibers are distributed in the superior cervical ganglia
Anterior, medial, lateral branches
Where do the lateral branches in the superior cervical ganglia go
Are the gray rami communicans, communicate with anterior primary rami of C1-C4 as well as CN 9,10,12
Where do medial branches of superior cervical ganglia go
To the larynx, pharynx, and heart.
What branches are to the heart via the superior cervical ganglia
Superior cardiac nerves, carry EFFERENT info only
The anterior branches of superior cervical ganglia follow what and supply what
External carotid arteries, and innervate vessels that supply blood to structures inside and outside the skull
What is the smallest cervical ganglia
The middle
Located at level C6
The middle cervical ganglia communicates with what via what
Anterior primary rami of C5,C6 via gray rami communicans
How does the thyroid and parathyroid gland innervated
Via the middle cervical ganglia, it is the primary vasomotor
What makes up the middle cardiac nerves
Branches from the middle cervical ganglion, contribute to the deep part of the cardiac plexus
What ganglia lies at level C7
Inferior cervical ganglia
What communicates with anterior primary rami of C7,C8 also T1 is fused forms stellate via what
Inferior cervical ganglia, via gray rami communicans
How does the inferior cervical ganglia communicate with the heart
Via inferior cardiac nerves
What forms branches around the subclavian, axillary, and vertebral arteries
Inferior cervical ganglia
What types of communicans does the thoracic sympathetic trunk have
Gray and white rami communicans
Where are the ganglia located in the superior thorax, and the lower ganglia
Superior- anterior to rib heads
Lower thorax- lateral aspects of vertebral bodies
What supply the structures of the thoracic cavity
Upper 5 ganglia, travel medial
Carry postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents
What nerves are associated with the lower seven thoracic ganglia
Three splanchnic nerves
What fibers does the lower 7 thoracic ganglia give
Preganglionic fibers to plexuses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities, also carry visceral afferent info
What forms the greater splanchnic nerve
The fifth through ninth ganglia and terminates in the celiac ganglion
Where does the greater splanchnic nerve terminate
The celiac ganglion
The lesser splanchnic nerve is formed by what fibers
9-10 or 10-11,
Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve terminate
Aorticorenal ganglion
What is the least splanchnic nerve formed by
Fibers from 12 ganglia
Where does the least splanchnic nerve terminate
The renal plexus
Where do the lumbar sympathetic trunks lie
In the retroperitoneal space on the lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebral bodies
Which lumbars have white rami communicans
1,2 and sometimes 3
Carrying preganglionic axons into the sympathetic trunk
Do all five lumbar nerves have gray rami communicans
YES but not all have white rami communicans
What supplies the plexus around the abdominal aorta
2-4 lumbar splanchnic nerves carrying preganglionic axons
Where is the sacral sympathetic trunk and ganglia located
Lie on anterior aspect of sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina
Are grey rami communicans associated with each sacral and coccygeal nerve
YES
