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PNS > Final- Sympathetics Quiz > Flashcards

Final- Sympathetics Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic located

A

T1-L2 or L3 in the lateral horn

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2
Q

Where do sympathetic neurons exit the cord

A

Anterior rootlets, following the anterior primary rami

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3
Q

How do the rootless exit?

A

Enter the sympathetic trunk via the white ramus communicans

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4
Q

Where do most of the preganglionic sympathetics synapse?

A

Synapse on the postganglionic cells in the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

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5
Q

What do the other preganglionic sympathetics go if dont synapse in the sympathetic trunk

A

Pass through the sympathetic trunk to be carried in the splanchinic nerves to synapse in prevertebral plexuses associated with the abdomicnopelvic viscera

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6
Q

Preganglionic sympathetics release

A

ACH

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7
Q

What is the sympathetic trunks made of

A

Two paravertebral columns of interconnected ganglia

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8
Q

What kind of fibers does the sympathetic trunk carry

A

Ascending and descending fibers

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9
Q

The sympathetic trunk goes from

A

Superior cervical ganglion inferior to the ganglion impar

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10
Q

The sympathetic trunk only unites

A

Inferiorly

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11
Q

how many ganglia are in the sympathetic trunk

A

21 or 22. Normally 21 because two ganglia fuse to form a stellate ganglia

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12
Q

How are the ganglia broken up

A

Cervical-3
Thoracic-11
Lumbar-4
Sacral-4

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13
Q

What two ganglia normally make up the stellate ganglia

A

Lower cervical and upper thoracic

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14
Q

Where is the trunk located in the cervical area? In the thoracic area? Lumbar and lower thoracic areas

A

Cervical- posterior to carotid shealth
Thoracic- anterior to the necks of ribs
Lumbar- resting on lateral aspect of vertebral bodies
Sacrum- anterior aspect, joining at level of coccyx

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15
Q

Where does the cervical sympathetic trunk located

A

Lies between carotid shealth and the longus colli and capitis muscles on the PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA

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16
Q

Does the cervical trunk have white rami communicans

A

NO

But gray rami communicans to each cervical nerve

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17
Q

What are the three cervical ganglia

A

Superior, middle, INferior

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18
Q

What two ganglia form the stellate ganglia

A

Inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglion fuse

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19
Q

What is the largest cervical ganglia

A

The superior, formed by the union of the upper four cervical ganglia

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20
Q

Where is the superior cervical ganglia located

A

level of C2-C3, between carotid shealth and longus capitis

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21
Q

Where are the postganglionic fibers are distributed in the superior cervical ganglia

A

Anterior, medial, lateral branches

22
Q

Where do the lateral branches in the superior cervical ganglia go

A

Are the gray rami communicans, communicate with anterior primary rami of C1-C4 as well as CN 9,10,12

23
Q

Where do medial branches of superior cervical ganglia go

A

To the larynx, pharynx, and heart.

24
Q

What branches are to the heart via the superior cervical ganglia

A

Superior cardiac nerves, carry EFFERENT info only

25
Q

The anterior branches of superior cervical ganglia follow what and supply what

A

External carotid arteries, and innervate vessels that supply blood to structures inside and outside the skull

26
Q

What is the smallest cervical ganglia

A

The middle

Located at level C6

27
Q

The middle cervical ganglia communicates with what via what

A

Anterior primary rami of C5,C6 via gray rami communicans

28
Q

How does the thyroid and parathyroid gland innervated

A

Via the middle cervical ganglia, it is the primary vasomotor

29
Q

What makes up the middle cardiac nerves

A

Branches from the middle cervical ganglion, contribute to the deep part of the cardiac plexus

30
Q

What ganglia lies at level C7

A

Inferior cervical ganglia

31
Q

What communicates with anterior primary rami of C7,C8 also T1 is fused forms stellate via what

A

Inferior cervical ganglia, via gray rami communicans

32
Q

How does the inferior cervical ganglia communicate with the heart

A

Via inferior cardiac nerves

33
Q

What forms branches around the subclavian, axillary, and vertebral arteries

A

Inferior cervical ganglia

34
Q

What types of communicans does the thoracic sympathetic trunk have

A

Gray and white rami communicans

35
Q

Where are the ganglia located in the superior thorax, and the lower ganglia

A

Superior- anterior to rib heads

Lower thorax- lateral aspects of vertebral bodies

36
Q

What supply the structures of the thoracic cavity

A

Upper 5 ganglia, travel medial

Carry postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents

37
Q

What nerves are associated with the lower seven thoracic ganglia

A

Three splanchnic nerves

38
Q

What fibers does the lower 7 thoracic ganglia give

A

Preganglionic fibers to plexuses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities, also carry visceral afferent info

39
Q

What forms the greater splanchnic nerve

A

The fifth through ninth ganglia and terminates in the celiac ganglion

40
Q

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve terminate

A

The celiac ganglion

41
Q

The lesser splanchnic nerve is formed by what fibers

A

9-10 or 10-11,

42
Q

Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve terminate

A

Aorticorenal ganglion

43
Q

What is the least splanchnic nerve formed by

A

Fibers from 12 ganglia

44
Q

Where does the least splanchnic nerve terminate

A

The renal plexus

45
Q

Where do the lumbar sympathetic trunks lie

A

In the retroperitoneal space on the lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebral bodies

46
Q

Which lumbars have white rami communicans

A

1,2 and sometimes 3

Carrying preganglionic axons into the sympathetic trunk

47
Q

Do all five lumbar nerves have gray rami communicans

A

YES but not all have white rami communicans

48
Q

What supplies the plexus around the abdominal aorta

A

2-4 lumbar splanchnic nerves carrying preganglionic axons

49
Q

Where is the sacral sympathetic trunk and ganglia located

A

Lie on anterior aspect of sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina

50
Q

Are grey rami communicans associated with each sacral and coccygeal nerve

A

YES

PNS (11 decks)

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