FINAL (Surgery) Flashcards
Hand washing is:
The single most important method to prevent the spread of infection
Chlorine (bleach), hydrogen peroxide 3%, iodophors (1-2%) are effective against?
Bacteria, fungi, tuberculosis MB, spores, viruses
What does the term sterilisation mean?
Th process of eliminating all microorganisms, including spores and viruses (destruction of all life, including spores)
Anyone entering the operating room, for whatever reason, must first put on?
Clean clothes, an impermeable mask to cover the mouth & nose, a cap to cover all the hair on the head and face, a clean pair of shoes or clean shoe covers
A patient with hepatitis C have an endoscopy for suspected bleeding from GI tract. What individual protective measures must be used during the procedure?
Staff have to wear: medical gown, apron, gloves, safety goggles and a face mask
Sterile technique is?
Prevention of microorganisms into the body tissues, includes procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms from an object or area
Gloves wearing purpose:
The purpose of wearing gloves is both to protect the hands from contamination by microorganisms and to prevent the transfer of microorganisms already on the hands
What does term antisepsis mean?
Means the killing pathogenic microorganisms in the wound and human body cavities by using chemical, mechanical, physical, biological, prophylactic methods
Nitrile surgical gloves?
Patented “thermal responsive” formula made from 100% nitrile. Ideal for individuals allergic to latex, delivers excellent barrier protection against bloodborne pathogens
In preparation for the operating field hairs are removed, it is better to do it?
Cutting with an electric machine just before the operation
Organism energy requirements calculation?
Most simple method is to consider an average value of 1Kcal/kg/h for unsaturated and resting male subjects (minus 5-10% in female subjects) and to make some adjustments for level of activity, injury and stress factors
Which of the following factors can be associate with impaired wound healing?
Chemotherapy
Diabetes mellitus
Radiation therapy
Peripheral vascular disease
Chronic steroid use
Fistula is?
Unnatural connection (in all disease process) between two surfaces covered with epithelium or endothelium (arteria, vein)
Superficial or epithelial wound is?
Excoriation- wound to the epidermis
Chronic wound definition is?
Chronic wounds are those that persist for longer than 8 weeks and are often of complex poorly understood origin
Diabetic ulcers pathogenesis?
Impaired arterial supply, neuropathy, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal deformities
Preoperative time is?
Time from hospitalisation till operation
Organism reaction to stress is mediated by stimulation of catabolic hormones (glucagon, catecholamines and corticoids) and by insulin resistance as well as by cytokines and other local mediators. The aim of this reaction is?
To change metabolic pathways produce substrates which can be utilised by various cells under conditions of trauma. sepsis or critical illness
Postoperative atelectasis can be largely prevented by?
By adequate analgesia of the patient, early mobilisation, encouragement to cough and use blow-bottle apparatus
When preparing the operating field, the best way to remove hair is?
-Clipping is the preferred method of pre operative hair removal
-Shaving has been linked to skin damage and increases the risk of infection
Operating wound bandage soaked with bloody secretion, what next?
Apply ice!
Clean contaminated wound:
Surgical wound for cholecystectomy (a surgical procedure to remove your gallbladder) for cholelithiasis
Biological antiseptic:
All methods that helps to raise the immune activity of the human organism and helps maintain the physiology of the wound:
Antibiotics, bacteriophages, serums, vaccines, immobilisation, rest of the patient
The surgen performed the primary surgical wound repair. What is this antiseptic?
Mechanical antisepsis
