FINAL (Surgery)

Question 1

Hand washing is:

Answer 1

The single most important method to prevent the spread of infection

Question 2

Chlorine (bleach), hydrogen peroxide 3%, iodophors (1-2%) are effective against?

Answer 2

Bacteria, fungi, tuberculosis MB, spores, viruses

Question 3

What does the term sterilisation mean?

Answer 3

Th process of eliminating all microorganisms, including spores and viruses (destruction of all life, including spores)

Question 4

Anyone entering the operating room, for whatever reason, must first put on?

Answer 4

Clean clothes, an impermeable mask to cover the mouth & nose, a cap to cover all the hair on the head and face, a clean pair of shoes or clean shoe covers

Question 5

A patient with hepatitis C have an endoscopy for suspected bleeding from GI tract. What individual protective measures must be used during the procedure?

Answer 5

Staff have to wear: medical gown, apron, gloves, safety goggles and a face mask

Question 6

Sterile technique is?

Answer 6

Prevention of microorganisms into the body tissues, includes procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms from an object or area

Question 7

Gloves wearing purpose:

Answer 7

The purpose of wearing gloves is both to protect the hands from contamination by microorganisms and to prevent the transfer of microorganisms already on the hands

Question 8

What does term antisepsis mean?

Answer 8

Means the killing pathogenic microorganisms in the wound and human body cavities by using chemical, mechanical, physical, biological, prophylactic methods

Question 9

Nitrile surgical gloves?

Answer 9

Patented “thermal responsive” formula made from 100% nitrile. Ideal for individuals allergic to latex, delivers excellent barrier protection against bloodborne pathogens

Question 10

In preparation for the operating field hairs are removed, it is better to do it?

Answer 10

Cutting with an electric machine just before the operation

Question 11

Organism energy requirements calculation?

Answer 11

Most simple method is to consider an average value of 1Kcal/kg/h for unsaturated and resting male subjects (minus 5-10% in female subjects) and to make some adjustments for level of activity, injury and stress factors

Question 12

Which of the following factors can be associate with impaired wound healing?

Answer 12

Chemotherapy
Diabetes mellitus
Radiation therapy
Peripheral vascular disease
Chronic steroid use

Question 13

Fistula is?

Answer 13

Unnatural connection (in all disease process) between two surfaces covered with epithelium or endothelium (arteria, vein)

Question 14

Superficial or epithelial wound is?

Answer 14

Excoriation- wound to the epidermis

Question 15

Chronic wound definition is?

Answer 15

Chronic wounds are those that persist for longer than 8 weeks and are often of complex poorly understood origin

Question 16

Diabetic ulcers pathogenesis?

Answer 16

Impaired arterial supply, neuropathy, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal deformities

Question 17

Preoperative time is?

Answer 17

Time from hospitalisation till operation

Question 18

Organism reaction to stress is mediated by stimulation of catabolic hormones (glucagon, catecholamines and corticoids) and by insulin resistance as well as by cytokines and other local mediators. The aim of this reaction is?

Answer 18

To change metabolic pathways produce substrates which can be utilised by various cells under conditions of trauma. sepsis or critical illness

Question 19

Postoperative atelectasis can be largely prevented by?

Answer 19

By adequate analgesia of the patient, early mobilisation, encouragement to cough and use blow-bottle apparatus

Question 20

When preparing the operating field, the best way to remove hair is?

Answer 20

-Clipping is the preferred method of pre operative hair removal

-Shaving has been linked to skin damage and increases the risk of infection

Question 21

Operating wound bandage soaked with bloody secretion, what next?

Answer 21

Apply ice!

Question 22

Clean contaminated wound:

Answer 22

Surgical wound for cholecystectomy (a surgical procedure to remove your gallbladder) for cholelithiasis

Question 23

Biological antiseptic:

Answer 23

All methods that helps to raise the immune activity of the human organism and helps maintain the physiology of the wound:
Antibiotics, bacteriophages, serums, vaccines, immobilisation, rest of the patient

Question 24

The surgen performed the primary surgical wound repair. What is this antiseptic?

Answer 24

Mechanical antisepsis

Question 25

Patient with HIV, what are the safeguards for FEGDS?

Answer 25

Staff has to wear: medical gown, apron, gloves, safety goggles and face mask

Question 26

What does low level disinfection do?

Answer 26

Low level disinfection kills some viruses and bacteria with a chemical germicide registered as a hospital disinfectant.

Question 27

How is autoclave performance controlled?

Answer 27

Check performance by colour changes on indicator tape

Question 28

Complications of the fistula?

Answer 28

-Might not heal and become chronic
-Fistula drainage
-Sepsis
-Perforation
-Peritonitis

Question 29

7.5% povidonne-Iodine:

Answer 29

Acts by oxidation/substitution of free iodine, bactericidal and active against spore forming organisms

Question 30

Gunshot injure degree most depend on?

Answer 30

Bullet or shell kinetic energy

Bullet influence to tissues become by three mechanisms:
-Crusching and laceration
-Shock waves
-Cavitation effect

Question 31

Superficial or epithelial wound is?

Answer 31

Excoriation-wound to the epidermis

Question 32

Factors that decrease collagen synthesis and poor wound healing include?

Answer 32

Infection
Advanced age
Protein depletion

Question 33

Organism energy requirement calculation:

Answer 33

Most simple method is to consider an average value of 1 kcal/kg/h for unstressed and resting male subjects ( Linus 5-10% in female subjects) to make some adjustments for level of activity, injury and stress factors

Question 34

Which of the following statements about thromboembolic complications is most correct?

Answer 34

Prevention of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism begins preoperatively and continues in postoperative period

Question 35

The hair in the operating area must be?

Answer 35

Cut with an electric machine just before the surgery

Question 36

Organism reaction to stress is mediated by stimulation of catabolic hormones (glucagon, catecholamines and corticoids ) and by insulin resistance as well as by cytokines and other local mediators. The aim of this reaction is?

Answer 36

To change metabolic pathways produce substrates which can be utilised by various cells under conditions of trauma, sepsis or critical illness

Question 37

The surgical wound dressing is replaced?

Answer 37

The first postoperative day, then as needed (soak, fell, soiled)

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true concerning EN method of nutritional support?

Answer 38

Optimal results for internal feeding are achieved with approximately half of the calories