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AP Human Geography > Final Studying > Flashcards

Final Studying Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Active solar energy systems

A

solar energy system that collects energy through mechanical devices

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2
Q

animate power

A

power supplied by humans or animals

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3
Q

animism

A

belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events have a spirit

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4
Q

annexation

A

legally adding land area to a city in the states

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5
Q

apartheid

A

laws (no longer in effect) that physically separated different races in south africa to different areas

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6
Q

autonomous religion

A

a religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally

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7
Q

balkanization

A

process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

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8
Q

balkanized

A

a failed attempt to a state due to conflicts between the ethnicities

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9
Q

basic industries

A

industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement

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10
Q

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

A

amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution

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11
Q

biodiversity

A

the number of species within a specific habitat

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12
Q

biomass fuel

A

fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste

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13
Q

blockbusting

A

a process where real estate agents convince the owners to sell at a low price and raise the price drastically for the new black inhabitants

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14
Q

branch (of a religion)

A

a large and fundamental division within a religion

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15
Q

breeder reactor

A

a nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium

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16
Q

business services

A

business that gives services to other businesses

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17
Q

census track

A

an area delineated by the U.S bureau of the census for which statistics are published; in urban areas, it corresponds to neighborhoods

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18
Q

census

A

a complete enumeration of a population

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19
Q

central place theory

A

a theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and father apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther

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20
Q

central place

A

a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area

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21
Q

centripetal force

A

brings people together

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22
Q

chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)

A

a gas used as a solvent, a propellent in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers

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23
Q

concentric zone model

A

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings

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24
Q

consumer services

A

businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and personal services

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25
cosmogony
a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe
26
creole or creolized language
a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated
27
cultural ecology
geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships
28
demographic transition
the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate if natural increase, and a higher total population
29
demography
the scientific study of population characteristics
30
denomination
the division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body
31
density gradient
the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery
32
diocese
the basic unit of geographical organization in the Roman Catholic Church
33
Ebonics
dialect spoken by some african-americans
34
economic base
a community's collection of base industries
35
Ecumene
the portion of earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
36
enclosure movement
the process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 1700's
37
environmental determinism
a 19th and early 20th century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human actions
38
epidemiological transition
distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
39
epidemiology
branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
40
ethnic cleansing
process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region
41
ethnicity
identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions
42
federal state
an internal organization of a state that allocates more powers to units of local governments
43
ferrous
metals, including iron ore, that are utilized in the production of iron and steel
44
filtering
a process of of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment
45
frontier
a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control
46
functional (or nodal) region
an area organized around a node or focal point
47
fundamentalism
literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion
48
gravity model
a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
49
greenbelt
a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area
50
horticulture
the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers
51
ideograms
the system of writing used in china and other east asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or a concept rather than a specific sound
52
intensive subsistence agriculture
a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
53
international migration
permanent movement from one country to another
54
interregional migration
permanent movement from one region of a country to another
55
intraregional migration
permanent movement within one region of a country
56
isogloss
a boundary that separates regions in which different languages usages predominate
57
language branch
a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago
58
language family
a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor before recorded history
59
language group
a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past
60
lingua franca
a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
61
metropolitan statistical area (MSA)
in the usa, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city
62
micropolitan statistical area
an urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the country in which it is found, and adjacent countries tied to the city
63
milkshed
the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied
64
nationalism
loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality
65
nationality
identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there
66
nation-state
a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
67
new international division of labor
transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries
68
nonbasic industries
industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
69
pagan
a follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times
70
passive solar energy systems
solar energy system that collects energy without machinery
71
pastoral nomadism
a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals
72
peripheral model
a model of north american urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas
73
photochemical smog
an atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution
74
photovoltaic cell
solar energy cells, usually made from silicon, that collect solar rays to generate electricity
75
polder
land created by the dutch by draining water from an area
76
possibilism
the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
77
primate city rule
a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest city has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
78
producer services
services that primarily help people conduct business

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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