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Interpersonal Communication > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

The active process of making meaning out of another person’s spoken message

A

Listening

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2
Q

HURIER Model

A

Hearing, Understanding, Remembering, Interpreting, Evaluating, Responding

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3
Q

The physical process of perceiving sound

A

Hearing

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4
Q

To comprehend the meanings of the words and phrases you’re hearing

A

Understanding

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5
Q

To store something in your memory and retrieve it when needed

A

Remembering

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6
Q

Paying attention to all of the speaker’s verbal and nonverbal behaviors so you can assign meaning to what the person has said, and signaling your interpretation of the message to the speaker

A

Interpreting

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7
Q

Judging whether the speaker’s statements are accurate and true, separating facts from opinions and trying to determine why the speaker is saying what he or she is saying, considering the speaker’s words in the context of other information you have received from that speaker or other sources

A

Evaluating

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8
Q

Indicating to the speaker that you’re listening: giving feedback

A

Responding

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9
Q

Responding with silence and lack of facial expression

A

Stonewalling

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10
Q

Nodding, using facial expressions, saying Uh-huh or I understand

A

Backchanneling

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11
Q

Expressing agreement with the speaker’s opinion or point of view

A

Supporting

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12
Q

Providing your own perspective, explaining your opinion or describing your experience

A

Analyzing

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13
Q

Communicating advice about what the speaker should think, feel, or do

A

Advising

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14
Q

Listening to learn something

A

Informational listening

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15
Q

Listening with the goal of evaluating or analyzing what one hears

A

Critical Listening

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16
Q

Listening in order to experience what another person is thinking or feeling

A

Empathetic Listening

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17
Q

Listening in order to be inspired

A

Inspirational Listening

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18
Q

Listening for pure enjoyment

A

Appreciative Listening

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19
Q

Listening only to what one wants to hear

A

Selective Attention

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20
Q

The state of being overwhelmed by the amount of information one takes in

A

Information Overload

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21
Q

Using Interruptions to take control of a conversation

A

Competitive Interrupting

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22
Q

The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports one’s values and beliefs while discounting or ignoring information that doesn’t

A

Confirmation Bias

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23
Q

The tendency from dramatic, shocking events to distort one’s perception of reality

A

Vividness Effect

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24
Q

The practice of evaluating the evidence for a claim

A

Skepticism

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25
Q

The body’s multidimensional response to any event that enhances or inhibits one’s goals

A

Emotion

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26
Q

A secondary emotion consisting of joy and surprise, plus experiences of excitement and attraction for another

A

Passion

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27
Q

A positive overall evaluation of another person

A

Liking

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28
Q

Fear of not making a good impression on others

A

Social Anxiety

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29
Q

Motivations to act in a particular way when experiencing an emotion

A

Action Tendencies

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30
Q

The positivity or negativity of an emotion

A

Valence

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31
Q

Distinct emotional experiences not consisting of combinations of other emotions

A

Primary Emotions

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32
Q

Emotions composed of combinations of primary emotions

A

Secondary Emotions

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33
Q

An emotion about an emotion

A

Meta-emotion

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34
Q

Unwritten codes that govern the ways people manage and express emotions

A

Display Rules

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35
Q

Exaggerating your emotion to appear as though you are experiencing it more intensely than you are

A

Intensification

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36
Q

Downplaying an emotion to appear as though you are experiencing it less intensely than you are

A

De-Intensification

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37
Q

Acting as though you’re feeling an emotion that you aren’t actually experiencing

A

Simulating

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38
Q

Acting as though you’re indifferent or emotionless when you’re actually experiencing an emotion

A

Inhibition

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39
Q

Expressing one emotion when you are actually experiencing a completely different one

A

Masking

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40
Q

The tendency to mimic the emotional experiences and expressions of others

A

Emotional Contagion

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41
Q

One’s tendency to be pleasant, accommodating, and cooperative

A

Agreeableness

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42
Q

One’s tendency to be sociable and outgoing

A

Extroversion

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43
Q

One’s tendency to think negative thoughts about oneself

A

Neuroticism

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44
Q

The ability to perceive and understand emotions, use emotions to facilitate thought, and manage emotions constructively

A

Emotional Intelligence

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45
Q

A personality trait limiting a person’s ability to understand and describe emotions

A

Alexithymia

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46
Q

The process of changing how one thinks about the situation that gave rise to a negative emotion so that the effect of the emotion is diminished.

A

Emotional Reappraisal

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47
Q

A theory that says each of us is born with a fundamental drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong relationships.

A

Need to belong theory

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48
Q

A desire to stay in a relationship

A

Commitment

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49
Q

A state in which each person’s behaviors affect everyone else in the relationship

A

Interdependence

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50
Q

The commitment of resources in our relationships

A

Investment

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51
Q

Conflicts between two important but opposing needs or desires

A

Dialectical Tensions

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52
Q

Escaping tension entirely by ending the relationship

A

Disorientation

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53
Q

Going back and forth between two sides of tension

A

Alternation

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54
Q

Embracing dialectical tensions as a normal part of life

A

Reaffirmation

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55
Q

Any force that draws people together to form a relationship

A

Interpersonal Attraction

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56
Q

Attraction to someone’s physical appearance

A

Physical Attraction

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57
Q

Attraction to someone’s personality

A

Social Attraction

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58
Q

Attraction to someone’s abilities and dependability

A

Task Attraction

59
Q

A theory suggesting that people are motivated to reduce their uncertainty about others

A

Uncertainty Reduction

60
Q

A theory predicting that we form relationships when we think the effort will be worth it

A

Predicted Outcome Value Theory

61
Q

Communication behaviors that signal one’s interest in getting to know someone

A

Approach Behaviors

62
Q

Communication behaviors that signal one’s lack of interest in getting to know someone

A

Avoidance Behaviors

63
Q

A theory predicting that people seek to form and maintain relationships in which the benefits outweigh the costs

A

Social Exchange Theory

64
Q

A person’s realistic expectation of what the person wants and thinks he or she deserves from a relationship

A

Comparison Level

65
Q

A person’s assessment of how good or bad his or her current relationship is, compared with other options

A

Comparison Level for Alternative

66
Q

The state in which one’s relational rewards exceed one’s relational costs

A

Over-benefited

67
Q

The state in which one’s relational costs exceed one’s relational rewards

A

Under-benefited

68
Q

A theory predicting that a good relationship is one in which a person’s ratio of costs and rewards is equal to that of the person’s partner

A

Equity Theory

69
Q

Behaviors used to maintain and strengthen personal relationships

A

Relational Maintenance Behaviors

70
Q

The stage of relationship development when people meet and interact for the first time

A

Initiating Stage

71
Q

The stage of relationship development when individuals have conversations to learn more about each other

A

Experimenting Stage

72
Q

The stage of relationship development when individuals move from being acquaintances to being close friends

A

Intensifying Stage

73
Q

The stage of relationship development when a deep commitment has formed, and there is a strong sense that the relationship has its own identity

A

Integrating Stage

74
Q

The stage of relationship development when people publicly announce their commitment to each other

A

Bonding Stage

75
Q

The stage of relationship dissolution when partners begin to see their differences as undesirable or annoying

A

Differentiating Stage

76
Q

The stage of relationship dissolution characterized by decreased quality and communication between partners

A

Circumscribing Stage

77
Q

The stage of relationship dissolution when partners are barely communicating with each other

A

Stagnating Stage

78
Q

The stage of relationship dissolution when partners create a physical and emotional distance between each other

A

Avoiding Stage

79
Q

The stage of relationship dissolution when the relationship is deemed to be officially over

A

Terminating Stage

80
Q

Someone of similar power or status to oneself

A

Peer

81
Q

Being civil and polite but sharing little personal information

A

Role-limited Interaction stage

82
Q

Conversation becomes friendlier

A

Friendly relations stage

83
Q

Communication becomes more social and less bound by norms and rules

A

Moves toward friendship stage

84
Q

Communication becomes more personal and less prescribed, think of themselves as friends

A

Nascent Friendship Stage

85
Q

Fully established friendship

A

Stabilized Friendship Stage

86
Q

Decline in friendship

A

Waning Friendship Stage

87
Q

Sexual involvement with someone other than one’s romantic partner

A

Infidelity

88
Q

This type of couple talks about their disagreements openly and cooperatively

A

Validating Couple

89
Q

This type of couple talks about disagreements openly but in a way that’s competitive rather than cooperative

A

Volatile Couple

90
Q

This type of couple deals with disagreements indirectly rather than openly

A

Conflict-avoiding couple

91
Q

This type of couple experiences frequent and intense conflict

A

Hostile Couple

92
Q

Theory that explains how people manage the tension between privacy and disclosure

A

Communication Privacy Management Theory (CPM Theory)

93
Q

The family in which one grows up

A

Family of origin

94
Q

The family one starts as an adult

A

Family of procreation

95
Q

Repetitive behaviors that have special meaning for a group or relationship

A

Rituals

96
Q

Work conditions are sexually offensive or intimidating

A

Hostile Work Environment

97
Q

Messages sent to people at higher levels of an organization such as superiors

A

Upward Communication

98
Q

Messages sent to people at lower levels of an organization such as subordinates

A

Downward Communication

99
Q

Messages sent to people at the same level of an organization such as coworkers or peers

A

Lateral Communication

100
Q

An expressed struggle between interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from one another

A

Interpersonal Conflict

101
Q

Changing the way you think about an interpersonal situation

A

Reframing

102
Q

The specific topic about which people disagree

A

content dimension

103
Q

The implications the conflict has for the relationship

A

relational dimension

104
Q

Rules or expectations people follow when they argue

A

Procedural dimension

105
Q

conflict about conflict itself

A

metaconflict

106
Q

An open, straightforward approach to engaging in conflict

A

direct conflict

107
Q

The expression of conflict through negative behaviors that ignore the underlying disagreement

A

Indirect Conflict

108
Q

Harms of conflict

A

it can elevate stress, cause health problems, lead to aggressive behavior

109
Q

A pattern of behaving vengefully while denying that one has aggressive feelings

A

Passive Aggression

110
Q

A pattern of behavior in which one party makes demands and the other party withdraws from the conversation

A

Demand-withdraw pattern

111
Q

The tendency to say or do things in one environments that one would not say or do in most other environments

A

Disinhibition Effect

112
Q

The ability to manipulate, influence, or control other people or events

A

Power

113
Q

A relationship between parties of equal power

A

Symmetrical Relationship

114
Q

A relationship between parties of unequal power

A

Complementary Relationship

115
Q

A verbal message through which the speaker attempts to exert dominance or gain control over the listener

A

One-up Message

116
Q

A verbal message that reflects acceptance of or submission to another person’s power

A

One-down message

117
Q

A verbal message that seeks to neutralize relational control and power

A

One-across message

118
Q

Power that derives from the ability to reward

A

Reward Power

119
Q

Power based on the ability to punish

A

Coercive Power

120
Q

Power that derives from one’s attraction to or admiration for another

A

Referent Power

121
Q

Power based on one’s legitimate status or position

A

Legitimate Power

122
Q

Power that derives from one’s expertise, talent, training, specialized knowledge, or experience

A

Expert Power

123
Q

A social system in which men exercise a majority of power

A

Patriarchy

124
Q

The expression of complaints about another party

A

Criticism

125
Q

The expression of insults and attacks on another’s self worth

A

Contemptuous Behavior

126
Q

Tactics that cast the self as a victim and deny responsibility for one’s own role in a conflict

A

Defensive Behavior

127
Q

A strategy for managing conflict in which one’s goal is to win while the other party loses

A

Competing

128
Q

A strategy for managing conflict that involves ignoring or failing to deal with the conflict

A

Avoiding

129
Q

A strategy for managing conflict that involves giving in to the other party’s needs and desires while subordinating one’s own

A

Accommodating

130
Q

A strategy for managing conflict in which both parties give up something they want so that both can receive something they want

A

Compromising

131
Q

A strategy for managing conflict that involves working toward a solution that meets both partner’s needs

A

Collaborating

132
Q

The knowing and intentional transmission of information to create a false belief in the hearer

A

Deception

133
Q

Lying under oath

A

Perjury

134
Q

Forms of deception that involve fabricating information or exaggerating facts for the purpose of misleading others

A

Acts of Simmulation

135
Q

A form of deception that involves presenting false, fabricated information as though it were true

A

Falsification

136
Q

A form of deception that involves inflating or overstating facts

A

Exaggeration

137
Q

Forms of deception that involve omitting certain details that would change the nature of the story if they were known

A

Acts of dissimulation

138
Q

A form of deception that involves leaving consequential details out of one’s story

A

Omission

139
Q

A form of deception that involves giving vague, ambiguous answers to a question to create the false impression that one has answered it

A

Equivocation

140
Q

The tendency to believe what someone says in the absence of reason not to

A

Truth Bias

141
Q

A hypothesis that motivation to succeed in a high-stakes lie will impair a deceiver’s nonverbal performance making the lie less likely to believe

A

Motivation impairment effect

142
Q

A context for communicating in which participants can see and/or hear each other and react to each other in real time

A

Interactive Context

143
Q

A context for communicating in which the participants cannot react to each other in real time such as a voicemail

A

Non interactive context

Interpersonal Communication (2 decks)

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