Final Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
The active process of making meaning out of another person’s spoken message
A
Listening
2
Q
HURIER Model
A
Hearing, Understanding, Remembering, Interpreting, Evaluating, Responding
3
Q
The physical process of perceiving sound
A
Hearing
4
Q
To comprehend the meanings of the words and phrases you’re hearing
A
Understanding
5
Q
To store something in your memory and retrieve it when needed
A
Remembering
6
Q
Paying attention to all of the speaker’s verbal and nonverbal behaviors so you can assign meaning to what the person has said, and signaling your interpretation of the message to the speaker
A
Interpreting
7
Q
Judging whether the speaker’s statements are accurate and true, separating facts from opinions and trying to determine why the speaker is saying what he or she is saying, considering the speaker’s words in the context of other information you have received from that speaker or other sources
A
Evaluating
8
Q
Indicating to the speaker that you’re listening: giving feedback
A
Responding
9
Q
Responding with silence and lack of facial expression
A
Stonewalling
10
Q
Nodding, using facial expressions, saying Uh-huh or I understand
A
Backchanneling
11
Q
Expressing agreement with the speaker’s opinion or point of view
A
Supporting
12
Q
Providing your own perspective, explaining your opinion or describing your experience
A
Analyzing
13
Q
Communicating advice about what the speaker should think, feel, or do
A
Advising
14
Q
Listening to learn something
A
Informational listening
15
Q
Listening with the goal of evaluating or analyzing what one hears
A
Critical Listening
16
Q
Listening in order to experience what another person is thinking or feeling
A
Empathetic Listening
17
Q
Listening in order to be inspired
A
Inspirational Listening
18
Q
Listening for pure enjoyment
A
Appreciative Listening
19
Q
Listening only to what one wants to hear
A
Selective Attention
20
Q
The state of being overwhelmed by the amount of information one takes in
A
Information Overload
21
Q
Using Interruptions to take control of a conversation
A
Competitive Interrupting
22
Q
The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports one’s values and beliefs while discounting or ignoring information that doesn’t
A
Confirmation Bias
23
Q
The tendency from dramatic, shocking events to distort one’s perception of reality
A
Vividness Effect
24
Q
The practice of evaluating the evidence for a claim
A
Skepticism
25
The body's multidimensional response to any event that enhances or inhibits one's goals
Emotion
26
A secondary emotion consisting of joy and surprise, plus experiences of excitement and attraction for another
Passion
27
A positive overall evaluation of another person
Liking
28
Fear of not making a good impression on others
Social Anxiety
29
Motivations to act in a particular way when experiencing an emotion
Action Tendencies
30
The positivity or negativity of an emotion
Valence
31
Distinct emotional experiences not consisting of combinations of other emotions
Primary Emotions
32
Emotions composed of combinations of primary emotions
Secondary Emotions
33
An emotion about an emotion
Meta-emotion
34
Unwritten codes that govern the ways people manage and express emotions
Display Rules
35
Exaggerating your emotion to appear as though you are experiencing it more intensely than you are
Intensification
36
Downplaying an emotion to appear as though you are experiencing it less intensely than you are
De-Intensification
37
Acting as though you're feeling an emotion that you aren't actually experiencing
Simulating
38
Acting as though you're indifferent or emotionless when you're actually experiencing an emotion
Inhibition
39
Expressing one emotion when you are actually experiencing a completely different one
Masking
40
The tendency to mimic the emotional experiences and expressions of others
Emotional Contagion
41
One's tendency to be pleasant, accommodating, and cooperative
Agreeableness
42
One's tendency to be sociable and outgoing
Extroversion
43
One's tendency to think negative thoughts about oneself
Neuroticism
44
The ability to perceive and understand emotions, use emotions to facilitate thought, and manage emotions constructively
Emotional Intelligence
45
A personality trait limiting a person's ability to understand and describe emotions
Alexithymia
46
The process of changing how one thinks about the situation that gave rise to a negative emotion so that the effect of the emotion is diminished.
Emotional Reappraisal
47
A theory that says each of us is born with a fundamental drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong relationships.
Need to belong theory
48
A desire to stay in a relationship
Commitment
49
A state in which each person's behaviors affect everyone else in the relationship
Interdependence
50
The commitment of resources in our relationships
Investment
51
Conflicts between two important but opposing needs or desires
Dialectical Tensions
52
Escaping tension entirely by ending the relationship
Disorientation
53
Going back and forth between two sides of tension
Alternation
54
Embracing dialectical tensions as a normal part of life
Reaffirmation
55
Any force that draws people together to form a relationship
Interpersonal Attraction
56
Attraction to someone's physical appearance
Physical Attraction
57
Attraction to someone's personality
Social Attraction
58
Attraction to someone's abilities and dependability
Task Attraction
59
A theory suggesting that people are motivated to reduce their uncertainty about others
Uncertainty Reduction
60
A theory predicting that we form relationships when we think the effort will be worth it
Predicted Outcome Value Theory
61
Communication behaviors that signal one's interest in getting to know someone
Approach Behaviors
62
Communication behaviors that signal one's lack of interest in getting to know someone
Avoidance Behaviors
63
A theory predicting that people seek to form and maintain relationships in which the benefits outweigh the costs
Social Exchange Theory
64
A person's realistic expectation of what the person wants and thinks he or she deserves from a relationship
Comparison Level
65
A person's assessment of how good or bad his or her current relationship is, compared with other options
Comparison Level for Alternative
66
The state in which one's relational rewards exceed one's relational costs
Over-benefited
67
The state in which one's relational costs exceed one's relational rewards
Under-benefited
68
A theory predicting that a good relationship is one in which a person's ratio of costs and rewards is equal to that of the person's partner
Equity Theory
69
Behaviors used to maintain and strengthen personal relationships
Relational Maintenance Behaviors
70
The stage of relationship development when people meet and interact for the first time
Initiating Stage
71
The stage of relationship development when individuals have conversations to learn more about each other
Experimenting Stage
72
The stage of relationship development when individuals move from being acquaintances to being close friends
Intensifying Stage
73
The stage of relationship development when a deep commitment has formed, and there is a strong sense that the relationship has its own identity
Integrating Stage
74
The stage of relationship development when people publicly announce their commitment to each other
Bonding Stage
75
The stage of relationship dissolution when partners begin to see their differences as undesirable or annoying
Differentiating Stage
76
The stage of relationship dissolution characterized by decreased quality and communication between partners
Circumscribing Stage
77
The stage of relationship dissolution when partners are barely communicating with each other
Stagnating Stage
78
The stage of relationship dissolution when partners create a physical and emotional distance between each other
Avoiding Stage
79
The stage of relationship dissolution when the relationship is deemed to be officially over
Terminating Stage
80
Someone of similar power or status to oneself
Peer
81
Being civil and polite but sharing little personal information
Role-limited Interaction stage
82
Conversation becomes friendlier
Friendly relations stage
83
Communication becomes more social and less bound by norms and rules
Moves toward friendship stage
84
Communication becomes more personal and less prescribed, think of themselves as friends
Nascent Friendship Stage
85
Fully established friendship
Stabilized Friendship Stage
86
Decline in friendship
Waning Friendship Stage
87
Sexual involvement with someone other than one's romantic partner
Infidelity
88
This type of couple talks about their disagreements openly and cooperatively
Validating Couple
89
This type of couple talks about disagreements openly but in a way that's competitive rather than cooperative
Volatile Couple
90
This type of couple deals with disagreements indirectly rather than openly
Conflict-avoiding couple
91
This type of couple experiences frequent and intense conflict
Hostile Couple
92
Theory that explains how people manage the tension between privacy and disclosure
Communication Privacy Management Theory (CPM Theory)
93
The family in which one grows up
Family of origin
94
The family one starts as an adult
Family of procreation
95
Repetitive behaviors that have special meaning for a group or relationship
Rituals
96
Work conditions are sexually offensive or intimidating
Hostile Work Environment
97
Messages sent to people at higher levels of an organization such as superiors
Upward Communication
98
Messages sent to people at lower levels of an organization such as subordinates
Downward Communication
99
Messages sent to people at the same level of an organization such as coworkers or peers
Lateral Communication
100
An expressed struggle between interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from one another
Interpersonal Conflict
101
Changing the way you think about an interpersonal situation
Reframing
102
The specific topic about which people disagree
content dimension
103
The implications the conflict has for the relationship
relational dimension
104
Rules or expectations people follow when they argue
Procedural dimension
105
conflict about conflict itself
metaconflict
106
An open, straightforward approach to engaging in conflict
direct conflict
107
The expression of conflict through negative behaviors that ignore the underlying disagreement
Indirect Conflict
108
Harms of conflict
it can elevate stress, cause health problems, lead to aggressive behavior
109
A pattern of behaving vengefully while denying that one has aggressive feelings
Passive Aggression
110
A pattern of behavior in which one party makes demands and the other party withdraws from the conversation
Demand-withdraw pattern
111
The tendency to say or do things in one environments that one would not say or do in most other environments
Disinhibition Effect
112
The ability to manipulate, influence, or control other people or events
Power
113
A relationship between parties of equal power
Symmetrical Relationship
114
A relationship between parties of unequal power
Complementary Relationship
115
A verbal message through which the speaker attempts to exert dominance or gain control over the listener
One-up Message
116
A verbal message that reflects acceptance of or submission to another person's power
One-down message
117
A verbal message that seeks to neutralize relational control and power
One-across message
118
Power that derives from the ability to reward
Reward Power
119
Power based on the ability to punish
Coercive Power
120
Power that derives from one's attraction to or admiration for another
Referent Power
121
Power based on one's legitimate status or position
Legitimate Power
122
Power that derives from one's expertise, talent, training, specialized knowledge, or experience
Expert Power
123
A social system in which men exercise a majority of power
Patriarchy
124
The expression of complaints about another party
Criticism
125
The expression of insults and attacks on another's self worth
Contemptuous Behavior
126
Tactics that cast the self as a victim and deny responsibility for one's own role in a conflict
Defensive Behavior
127
A strategy for managing conflict in which one's goal is to win while the other party loses
Competing
128
A strategy for managing conflict that involves ignoring or failing to deal with the conflict
Avoiding
129
A strategy for managing conflict that involves giving in to the other party's needs and desires while subordinating one's own
Accommodating
130
A strategy for managing conflict in which both parties give up something they want so that both can receive something they want
Compromising
131
A strategy for managing conflict that involves working toward a solution that meets both partner's needs
Collaborating
132
The knowing and intentional transmission of information to create a false belief in the hearer
Deception
133
Lying under oath
Perjury
134
Forms of deception that involve fabricating information or exaggerating facts for the purpose of misleading others
Acts of Simmulation
135
A form of deception that involves presenting false, fabricated information as though it were true
Falsification
136
A form of deception that involves inflating or overstating facts
Exaggeration
137
Forms of deception that involve omitting certain details that would change the nature of the story if they were known
Acts of dissimulation
138
A form of deception that involves leaving consequential details out of one's story
Omission
139
A form of deception that involves giving vague, ambiguous answers to a question to create the false impression that one has answered it
Equivocation
140
The tendency to believe what someone says in the absence of reason not to
Truth Bias
141
A hypothesis that motivation to succeed in a high-stakes lie will impair a deceiver's nonverbal performance making the lie less likely to believe
Motivation impairment effect
142
A context for communicating in which participants can see and/or hear each other and react to each other in real time
Interactive Context
143
A context for communicating in which the participants cannot react to each other in real time such as a voicemail
Non interactive context
