Final Study Guide Flashcards
What is the M/C metabolic disorder of bone?
Osteoporosis
What is the M/C cause of microfractures in the spine?
Osteoporosis
An increased thoracic kyphosis d/t wedged shape vertebra assoc. w/ osteoporosis is called what?
Doweger hump
What type of person has the highest risk of osteoporosis?
Fair-skinned females
What is the hallmark of hyperparathyroidism?
Increase of subperiosteal resorption occuring at points where tendons & ligaments d/t the high amount of PTH
What is the M/C type of osteoporosis?
Involutional (senescent/postmenopausal)
Where is the M/C location for structural failures assoc. w/ osteoporosis?
Spine/vertebral body
What are the 4 radiographic hallmarks of osteoporosis?
Cortical thinning (pencil-thin cortex)
Increased radiolucency (osteopenia)
Altered trabecular patterns
Structural failure/fx (thoracics, wrist, hip)
Vertical striations in bone refers to what appearance?
“Corduroy cloth appearance” AKA Pseudohemangiomatous appearance
Which is the M/C spinal region to see wedged vertebra assoc. w/ osteoporosis?
Thoracic spine
Biconcave shaped vertebral body in the lumbar is AKA?
Fish vertebra
What trabecula group in the femur is the last to be resorbed?
Principle compressive group
What is formed by the convergence of the tensile groups in the femur?
Ward’s triangle
What is the M/C cause of insufficiency fracture in the sacrum?
Postmenopausal osteoporosis
This sign is caused by vertical/horizontal insufficiency fxs in the sacrum
Honda sign
What groups are affected by transient osteoporosis of the hip?
Males 20-40 Pregnant females (L hip usually)
What are AKA’s for Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome?
Sudeck’s Atrophy
Causalgia
Complex regional pain syndrome
What is the main clinical sign assoc. w/ RSDS?
Onset of painful regional osteoporosis often brought on by trivial trauma
What is the main radiographic feature assoc. w/ RSDS?
Osteopenic around the joint (Periarticular/juxtaarticular osteoporosis)
RSDS is M/C’ly seen where?
Hands & shoulders
Osteomalacia is caused by what?
Increased amounts of uncalcified osteoid
What other disease is osteomalacia usually linked to?
Kidney/renal disase
Where is osteomalacia M/C’ly seen?
Spine
What is the main lab finding assoc. w/ osteomalacia?
Decreased levels of Ca & P
Increased levels of alk. phos. & PTH
What are the main radiographic features of osteomalacia?
Indistinct cortex
Pseudofractures
What are AKA’s for pseudofractures?
Milkman’s syndrome
Increment fxs
Losers lines
Umbau zonum
What deformity is assoc. w/ osteomalacia?
Bowing of the ant & lat. femur
What is rickets caused by?
Accumulation of uncalcified osteoid
What are 3 things that differentiate rickets from osteomalacia?
Loss of zone of provisional calcification (lacking the radioopaque line)
Widened growth plate (from proliferating cartilage w/o calcification)
Paint brush metaphysis
What type of hyperparathyroidism do you see serum Ca levels increase?
Primary (problem w/ parathyroid gland itself)
Where is the M/C location to see hyperparathyroidism radiographically?
2nd & 3rd digits on radial side of prox & middle phalanges
Clavicle
What are the M/C sites for subarticular bone resorption (pseudo-widening)?
AC joint
Pubic symphysis
SI joint
What is the radiographic sign seen in the skull assoc. w/ hyperparathyroidism?
Salt & pepper skull
What part in the skull is resorbed w/ hyperparathyroidism? Seen in dental x-rays.
Lamina Dura
What type of hyperparathyroidism M/C affects the spine?
Secondary
What sign is seen in the spine assoc. w/ hyperparathyroidism?
Rugger jersey spine
What is scurvy AKA?
Barlow’s Disease
What are the hallmarks of scurvy?
Spontaneous hemmorrhage (nose bleeds, easy bruising)
The very dense zone of provisional calcification is AKA what?
Frankels white line
What is the M/C cause of acromegaly?
eosinophilic adenoma of the ant. pituitary gland resulting in overproduction of GH
An enlarged mandible assoc. w/ acromegaly is known as what?
Lantern Jaw
What is seen radiographically in the foot in acromegaly?
Increase heel pad thickness (>20mm)
What is seen radiographically in the hands assoc. w/ Acromegaly?
Spade-like tuft (distal phalanx sign)
What sign is seen in the spine assoc. w/ acromegaly?
Platyspondyla (bigger around but not taller vert. bodies)
Pos. body scalloping
What is the main lab finding assoc. w/ hypervitaminosis D?
Hypercalcemia
What are the major radiographic features of hypervitaminosis D?
Extensive calcification in blood vessel walls, kidneys, & periarticular tissues
What is the main radiographic feature of hypervitaminosis A?
Solid, periosteal new bone along the shafts of the long bones
