Final Study Guide

Question 0

What is the M/C metabolic disorder of bone?

Answer 0

Osteoporosis

Question 1

What is the M/C cause of microfractures in the spine?

Answer 1

Osteoporosis

Question 2

An increased thoracic kyphosis d/t wedged shape vertebra assoc. w/ osteoporosis is called what?

Answer 2

Doweger hump

Question 3

What type of person has the highest risk of osteoporosis?

Answer 3

Fair-skinned females

Question 4

What is the hallmark of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 4

Increase of subperiosteal resorption occuring at points where tendons & ligaments d/t the high amount of PTH

Question 5

What is the M/C type of osteoporosis?

Answer 5

Involutional (senescent/postmenopausal)

Question 6

Where is the M/C location for structural failures assoc. w/ osteoporosis?

Answer 6

Spine/vertebral body

Question 7

What are the 4 radiographic hallmarks of osteoporosis?

Answer 7

Cortical thinning (pencil-thin cortex)
Increased radiolucency (osteopenia)
Altered trabecular patterns
Structural failure/fx (thoracics, wrist, hip)

Question 8

Vertical striations in bone refers to what appearance?

Answer 8

“Corduroy cloth appearance” AKA Pseudohemangiomatous appearance

Question 9

Which is the M/C spinal region to see wedged vertebra assoc. w/ osteoporosis?

Answer 9

Thoracic spine

Question 10

Biconcave shaped vertebral body in the lumbar is AKA?

Answer 10

Fish vertebra

Question 11

What trabecula group in the femur is the last to be resorbed?

Answer 11

Principle compressive group

Question 12

What is formed by the convergence of the tensile groups in the femur?

Answer 12

Ward’s triangle

Question 13

What is the M/C cause of insufficiency fracture in the sacrum?

Answer 13

Postmenopausal osteoporosis

Question 14

This sign is caused by vertical/horizontal insufficiency fxs in the sacrum

Answer 14

Honda sign

Question 15

What groups are affected by transient osteoporosis of the hip?

Answer 15

Males 20-40
Pregnant females (L hip usually)

Question 16

What are AKA’s for Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome?

Answer 16

Sudeck’s Atrophy
Causalgia
Complex regional pain syndrome

Question 17

What is the main clinical sign assoc. w/ RSDS?

Answer 17

Onset of painful regional osteoporosis often brought on by trivial trauma

Question 18

What is the main radiographic feature assoc. w/ RSDS?

Answer 18

Osteopenic around the joint (Periarticular/juxtaarticular osteoporosis)

Question 19

RSDS is M/C’ly seen where?

Answer 19

Hands & shoulders

Question 20

Osteomalacia is caused by what?

Answer 20

Increased amounts of uncalcified osteoid

Question 21

What other disease is osteomalacia usually linked to?

Answer 21

Kidney/renal disase

Question 22

Where is osteomalacia M/C’ly seen?

Answer 22

Spine

Question 23

What is the main lab finding assoc. w/ osteomalacia?

Answer 23

Decreased levels of Ca & P

Increased levels of alk. phos. & PTH

Question 24

What are the main radiographic features of osteomalacia?

Answer 24

Indistinct cortex

Pseudofractures

Question 25

What are AKA’s for pseudofractures?

Answer 25

Milkman’s syndrome
Increment fxs
Losers lines
Umbau zonum

Question 26

What deformity is assoc. w/ osteomalacia?

Answer 26

Bowing of the ant & lat. femur

Question 27

What is rickets caused by?

Answer 27

Accumulation of uncalcified osteoid

Question 28

What are 3 things that differentiate rickets from osteomalacia?

Answer 28

Loss of zone of provisional calcification (lacking the radioopaque line)
Widened growth plate (from proliferating cartilage w/o calcification)
Paint brush metaphysis

Question 29

What type of hyperparathyroidism do you see serum Ca levels increase?

Answer 29

Primary (problem w/ parathyroid gland itself)

Question 30

Where is the M/C location to see hyperparathyroidism radiographically?

Answer 30

2nd & 3rd digits on radial side of prox & middle phalanges

Clavicle

Question 31

What are the M/C sites for subarticular bone resorption (pseudo-widening)?

Answer 31

AC joint
Pubic symphysis
SI joint

Question 32

What is the radiographic sign seen in the skull assoc. w/ hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 32

Salt & pepper skull

Question 33

What part in the skull is resorbed w/ hyperparathyroidism? Seen in dental x-rays.

Answer 33

Lamina Dura

Question 34

What type of hyperparathyroidism M/C affects the spine?

Answer 34

Secondary

Question 35

What sign is seen in the spine assoc. w/ hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 35

Rugger jersey spine

Question 36

What is scurvy AKA?

Answer 36

Barlow’s Disease

Question 37

What are the hallmarks of scurvy?

Answer 37

Spontaneous hemmorrhage (nose bleeds, easy bruising)

Question 38

The very dense zone of provisional calcification is AKA what?

Answer 38

Frankels white line

Question 39

What is the M/C cause of acromegaly?

Answer 39

eosinophilic adenoma of the ant. pituitary gland resulting in overproduction of GH

Question 40

An enlarged mandible assoc. w/ acromegaly is known as what?

Answer 40

Lantern Jaw

Question 41

What is seen radiographically in the foot in acromegaly?

Answer 41

Increase heel pad thickness (>20mm)

Question 42

What is seen radiographically in the hands assoc. w/ Acromegaly?

Answer 42

Spade-like tuft (distal phalanx sign)

Question 43

What sign is seen in the spine assoc. w/ acromegaly?

Answer 43

Platyspondyla (bigger around but not taller vert. bodies)

Pos. body scalloping

Question 44

What is the main lab finding assoc. w/ hypervitaminosis D?

Answer 44

Hypercalcemia

Question 45

What are the major radiographic features of hypervitaminosis D?

Answer 45

Extensive calcification in blood vessel walls, kidneys, & periarticular tissues

Question 46

What is the main radiographic feature of hypervitaminosis A?

Answer 46

Solid, periosteal new bone along the shafts of the long bones