Final Study Guide Flashcards

0
Q

What is the M/C metabolic disorder of bone?

A

Osteoporosis

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1
Q

What is the M/C cause of microfractures in the spine?

A

Osteoporosis

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2
Q

An increased thoracic kyphosis d/t wedged shape vertebra assoc. w/ osteoporosis is called what?

A

Doweger hump

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3
Q

What type of person has the highest risk of osteoporosis?

A

Fair-skinned females

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4
Q

What is the hallmark of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Increase of subperiosteal resorption occuring at points where tendons & ligaments d/t the high amount of PTH

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5
Q

What is the M/C type of osteoporosis?

A

Involutional (senescent/postmenopausal)

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6
Q

Where is the M/C location for structural failures assoc. w/ osteoporosis?

A

Spine/vertebral body

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7
Q

What are the 4 radiographic hallmarks of osteoporosis?

A

Cortical thinning (pencil-thin cortex)
Increased radiolucency (osteopenia)
Altered trabecular patterns
Structural failure/fx (thoracics, wrist, hip)

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8
Q

Vertical striations in bone refers to what appearance?

A

“Corduroy cloth appearance” AKA Pseudohemangiomatous appearance

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9
Q

Which is the M/C spinal region to see wedged vertebra assoc. w/ osteoporosis?

A

Thoracic spine

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10
Q

Biconcave shaped vertebral body in the lumbar is AKA?

A

Fish vertebra

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11
Q

What trabecula group in the femur is the last to be resorbed?

A

Principle compressive group

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12
Q

What is formed by the convergence of the tensile groups in the femur?

A

Ward’s triangle

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13
Q

What is the M/C cause of insufficiency fracture in the sacrum?

A

Postmenopausal osteoporosis

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14
Q

This sign is caused by vertical/horizontal insufficiency fxs in the sacrum

A

Honda sign

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15
Q

What groups are affected by transient osteoporosis of the hip?

A
Males 20-40
Pregnant females (L hip usually)
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16
Q

What are AKA’s for Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome?

A

Sudeck’s Atrophy
Causalgia
Complex regional pain syndrome

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17
Q

What is the main clinical sign assoc. w/ RSDS?

A

Onset of painful regional osteoporosis often brought on by trivial trauma

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18
Q

What is the main radiographic feature assoc. w/ RSDS?

A

Osteopenic around the joint (Periarticular/juxtaarticular osteoporosis)

19
Q

RSDS is M/C’ly seen where?

A

Hands & shoulders

20
Q

Osteomalacia is caused by what?

A

Increased amounts of uncalcified osteoid

21
Q

What other disease is osteomalacia usually linked to?

A

Kidney/renal disase

22
Q

Where is osteomalacia M/C’ly seen?

23
Q

What is the main lab finding assoc. w/ osteomalacia?

A

Decreased levels of Ca & P

Increased levels of alk. phos. & PTH

24
What are the main radiographic features of osteomalacia?
Indistinct cortex | Pseudofractures
25
What are AKA's for pseudofractures?
Milkman's syndrome Increment fxs Losers lines Umbau zonum
26
What deformity is assoc. w/ osteomalacia?
Bowing of the ant & lat. femur
27
What is rickets caused by?
Accumulation of uncalcified osteoid
28
What are 3 things that differentiate rickets from osteomalacia?
Loss of zone of provisional calcification (lacking the radioopaque line) Widened growth plate (from proliferating cartilage w/o calcification) Paint brush metaphysis
29
What type of hyperparathyroidism do you see serum Ca levels increase?
Primary (problem w/ parathyroid gland itself)
30
Where is the M/C location to see hyperparathyroidism radiographically?
2nd & 3rd digits on radial side of prox & middle phalanges | Clavicle
31
What are the M/C sites for subarticular bone resorption (pseudo-widening)?
AC joint Pubic symphysis SI joint
32
What is the radiographic sign seen in the skull assoc. w/ hyperparathyroidism?
Salt & pepper skull
33
What part in the skull is resorbed w/ hyperparathyroidism? Seen in dental x-rays.
Lamina Dura
34
What type of hyperparathyroidism M/C affects the spine?
Secondary
35
What sign is seen in the spine assoc. w/ hyperparathyroidism?
Rugger jersey spine
36
What is scurvy AKA?
Barlow's Disease
37
What are the hallmarks of scurvy?
Spontaneous hemmorrhage (nose bleeds, easy bruising)
38
The very dense zone of provisional calcification is AKA what?
Frankels white line
39
What is the M/C cause of acromegaly?
eosinophilic adenoma of the ant. pituitary gland resulting in overproduction of GH
40
An enlarged mandible assoc. w/ acromegaly is known as what?
Lantern Jaw
41
What is seen radiographically in the foot in acromegaly?
Increase heel pad thickness (>20mm)
42
What is seen radiographically in the hands assoc. w/ Acromegaly?
Spade-like tuft (distal phalanx sign)
43
What sign is seen in the spine assoc. w/ acromegaly?
Platyspondyla (bigger around but not taller vert. bodies) | Pos. body scalloping
44
What is the main lab finding assoc. w/ hypervitaminosis D?
Hypercalcemia
45
What are the major radiographic features of hypervitaminosis D?
Extensive calcification in blood vessel walls, kidneys, & periarticular tissues
46
What is the main radiographic feature of hypervitaminosis A?
Solid, periosteal new bone along the shafts of the long bones