Final Study Guide #2

Question 1

Rock Slides occur in?

Answer 1

steeply dipping strongly layered rocks that are parallel to the hillslope they underlie

Question 2

what are triggering mechanisms for slope failures

Answer 2

slope steepening
seismic shaking
liquefaction
dipslopes
water saturation

Question 3

how does water saturation cause slides

Answer 3

water makes sediment heavier, if pores are only partially filled then water acts as a cohesive agent. if soil becomes saturated and pore pressure becomes positive then water is a destabilizing agent

Question 4

why are coastlines dynamic settings where changes occur

Answer 4

coastal areas are still adjusting from the rising sea level that occured at the end of the last glacial period `

Question 5

how do waves form

Answer 5

from wind

Question 6

what does long shore drift cause

Answer 6

a littoral cell of sediment to form adjacent and parallel to the coast

Question 7

what is a litoral cell

Answer 7

is a corridor of sediment transported allong the coast

Question 8

where do bay mouths/sandspits form

Answer 8

form in areas where there is a lsrge input of sand at the coast and in areas where there is a relatively broad shallow continetal shelf

Question 9

sandspit formation in techtonically active areas

Answer 9

sandspits form where there is a huge sediment supply from streams and local faulting creates an embankment

Question 10

what are shore platforms

Answer 10

smooth erosional surface that developed in the surfzone adjacent to coastlines

Question 11

what is a marrine terrace

Answer 11

consists of a shore platform and any sediment overlying the shore platform at some height above sea level

Question 12

what is the recepie for marine terraces

Answer 12

• wave action at coast carves shore platform
• beach rocks and boulders carve the platform
• sea level falls durring glacial freeze
• uplift of the high stand shore platform takes place durring low stand
• if shore platform is raised above the level of the next high stand then it is a marrine terrace

Question 13

what drives sea floor spreading

Answer 13

slab pull, ridge push

Question 14

what is an accretionary prism

Answer 14

is a prism shapped melange of sediment that is scrapped off by the downgoing slba

Question 15

melange definition

Answer 15

consists of a very ductile matrix of a matrix of pervasivly sheared mud

Question 16

franciscan complex

Answer 16

ancient accretionary prism consisting of melange, underlies much of slo county

Question 17

tibetan plateua

Answer 17

average altidtude is 5km and area is half the size of the USA, caused from collison of india with asia

Question 18

isostasy

Answer 18

the condition of equilibrium comparable to floating of the units of the lithosphere above the athenosphere

Question 19

fast spreading mid ocean ridges

Answer 19

gentle sloping flanks, an axial crest instead of a rift, extensive magma chambers and volcanic erruptions

Question 20

slow spreading ridges

Answer 20

steep flanks and well developed axial rift