Final Study Guide Flashcards
Gender of -ione
feminine
Gender of -ma
masculine bc it’s greek
Gender of nouns entind with a constant/ foreign words
masculine
what is s’impura
s+ constant or z + constant words (ex. uno sport)
avere conjugation
ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno
essere conjugation
sono, sei, é, siamo, siete, sono
what are modal verbs
potere, volere, dovere ; verbs that can precede another verb
passato prossimo endings
-ato, -uto, -ito
when is qualche used
for a singular noun although it expresses a plural amount
when is ne used
to replace quantities (“of them, “of it”)
direct object
object that receives an action of a verb ( he brought an umbrella; umbrella= do)
indirect object
indicates a person or thing (he brought me an umbrella; me= io)
avverbo
(adverbs) add -mente to feminine form of an adjective
what is s impersonale e passivante
si + 3rd person singulat of the verb; “one does….”
what is imperfetto
past tense for habitual actions. Endings= -vo, vi va, vamo, vate, vano
Gerundio/ gerund
adds ing to verbs; are= ando, ere= endo, ire=endo
endings replace the last -are/ere/ire , ex.) mangiando
gerundio + stare
represents an ongoing action (I am …ing or I was…ing)
use regular gerundio forms for both past and imperfetto:
presente: sto, stai, sta, stiamo, state, stanno
imperfetto: stavo, stavi, stava, stavamo, stavate, stavano
what is the il futoro tense
replace the last e with endings: -ò, ai, à, emo, ete, anno
for -are endings, replace a with an e, ex.) poterò
what is a stressed pronoun?
pronomi tonici are used after a preposition/verb that replaces the direct and indirect object prnouncs
what are verbi riflessivi?
reflective verbs are used to say (verb) myself, etc.
verbs have endings with -irsi, ex.) vestirsi
use regular conjugation with pronouns infront:
mi vesto
ti vesti
si veste
ci vestiamo
vi vetite
si vestono
comparativo
used for comparisions
for equal comparisions use tanto.. quanto or così…come
nonequal compariisons use più…di or meno….di
superlativo relativo
relative superaltive designates the most, the best, the least to a group
il più/meno + adjective + noun + di + group
ex.) il più vecchio libro. the oldest book
superlative assoluto
absolute superlative, the “best”
add -issimo or molto
ex.) molto intelligente or intelligentissimo
condizionale
used for would or should have
use the endings with the future stem; endings–> ei, esti, ebbe, emmo, este, ebbero
example:
comprerei, compreresti, comprerebbe, compreremmo, comprereste, comprerebbero
imperative
used for commands and polite suggestions. add the endings to normals verb
a!, i!, iamo!, ate!
