Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 111 > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Neal A. Maxwell’s 7 basic truths

A
  1. Man is created in the image of God
  2. That environment & heredity by themselves do not account for all human differences
  3. that free agency is an exceedingly important element in the growth & development of individuals
  4. That life’s design is such that God has said “let us prove them now here with” and that is rich with implications.
  5. Life’s divine design also involves an opposition in all things.
  6. That this is a world of law, the breaking or keeping of which brings misery or blessings respectively.
  7. that almost all men misuse authority and power.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First female APA president

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basic tastes 👅

A

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Consciousness refers to

A

Awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ivan Pavlov is associated with…

A

Classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve

A

The forgetting curve hypothesized the decline of memory retention in time. The curve shows how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gottman’s Golden Ratio- 5:1

A

It’s important to say 5 nice things for every 1 criticism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Etymology of the word psychology

A

“Psyche” meaning soul and “logos” meaning study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pavlov’s experiment and it’s results

A

Unconditioned stimulus -> unconditioned response
Neutral stimulus -> no response
Neutral stimulus + unconditioned stimulus -> response
Conditioned stimulus -> conditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Noam Chomsky’s theory

A

Language Aquisition Device: children are born with an innate mechanism that facilitates the learning of language.

(Contrasts with nature vs nurture theories that preceded it).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bilingualism

A

The acquisition of two languages that use different speech sounds, vocab, and grammatical rules. May be a slight handicap in terms of raw language processing speed and verbal fluency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whorfian Hypothesis

A

The structure of language determines the nature of the speakers thoughts and worldviews.
Ex. Eskimos and number of words for snow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Problems of inducing structure

A

A). Series completion
B.) Analogies

To solve these you most discover the relation among the parts of the problem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Problems of arrangement

A

A). String problem
B.) Anagrams

Arrange parts in a way that satisfies some criterion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Problems of transformation

A

A). Hobbits/(d)orks
B.) Water jar

Complete sequence of transformations to reach a specific goal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Insight

A

The sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect attempts based primarily on trial and error.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Heuristic

A

A guiding principle or “rule of thumb” used in solving problems or making decisions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Taking a break: incubation effect

A

Occurs when new solutions surface for a previously unsolved problem after a period of not consciously thinking about the problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Binet-Simon scale uses…

A

Mental age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stanford-Binet intelligence scale is known as

A

IQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Identical twins have similar

A

IQ scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Drive theory

A

A hypothetical, internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension; trying to reach homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Incentive theory

A

External goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior; external stimuli pull someone to act.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

Motives can best be understood in terms of the adaptive problems they have solved over the course of human history.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ghrelin

A

Causes stomach contractions and promotes hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How much of a Big Mac does 1 hour of biking burn?

A

1/4 of a Big Mac.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Stages of the human sexual response in order

A

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

28
Q

Kinsey’s Sexual Orientation Scale

A

0 is exclusively heterosexual
3 is bisexual
6 exclusively homosexual

29
Q

What percentage of BYU students feel like they are something other than strictly heterosexual?

A

13.2%

30
Q

8 core emotions

A

Joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation

31
Q

Schachter’s Two-factor Theory of emotions

A

People refer to both how they feel internally and situational cues in their environment to determine their emotions.

32
Q

James-Lange theory of emotions

A

The external stimulus causes bodily arousal which causes the experience of emotion.

33
Q

Cannon-bard theory of emotions

A

Outside events can cause emotional and physical responses at the same time. The two can affect each other reciprocally.

34
Q

Prenatal development

A
  1. Germinal stage : creation of zygote and placenta
  2. Embryonic stage : most vulnerable to injury (formation of vital organs)
  3. Fetal Stage : rapid body growth
35
Q

When does a child begin to sit?

A

At about 5-6 months

36
Q

When does a child begin to walk?

A

At about 12 months

37
Q

Harry Harlow studied…

A

Rhesus monkeys to see if attachment to the mother forms merely because of being fed by the mother. (Soft monkey mothers won, it was more than just the milk)

38
Q

Language overextension

A

Child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than it is meant to (“dog” applied to every four legged animal [e.g. a cat, a cow, a coyote…])

39
Q

Language underextension

A

Child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects or actions than it is meant to (“kitty” is just our cat even though all cats are kittys).

40
Q

Patterns of attachment

A

Secure
Anxious ambivalent
Avoidant

41
Q

Secure attachment

A
  • Play and explore when mother is present
  • Become upset when she leaves
  • Quickly calmed by her return
42
Q

Anxious ambivalent

A
  • anxious even when mothers are near
  • protest when they leave
  • not comforted when they return
43
Q

Avoidant

A
  • seek little contact with their mothers
  • Often not distressed when they leave
44
Q

Erikson’s stages of personality devolopment

A
  1. Trust vs mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs shame and self doubt
  3. Initiative vs guilt
  4. Industry vs inferiority
  5. Identity vs confusion
  6. Intimacy vs isolation
  7. Generativity vs self-absorption
  8. Integrity vs despair
45
Q

Kohlberg’s Model of Moral Reasoning

A

Pre conventional
- punishment orientation
- naive reward orientation
Conventional
- good boy/food girl (approval)
- authority orientation (laws/rules)
Post conventional
- social contract orientation (right & wrong according to rules- which may be fallible.)
- Individual principles and conscience orientation (right and wrong is determined by abstract ethical principles that emphasize equity and justice.)

46
Q

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

A

Id - basic impulses
Superego - conscience
Ego- the mediator

47
Q

Five factor personality traits

A

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

48
Q

Freud and Personality

A

Oral, anal, phalic, genital, and latent stages

49
Q

Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Theory

A

Conditional love leads to a need to distort experience.
Fosters an incongruent self-concept, which makes one prone to recurrent anxiety, which triggers defensive behavior, which fuels more incongruence.

Congruence is when your self-concept matches up well with your actual experience.

50
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

A

Self actualization: achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities.

Esteem needs: prestige and feeling of accomplishment

Belongingness and love needs: intimate relationships, friends.
Safety needs: security, safety
Physiological needs: food, water, warmth, rest

51
Q

Eysencks theory of personality

A

Personality is largely shaped by one’s genes. Described personality as a hierarchy of traits. A few higher order traits determine a host of lower order traits. This determines a person’s habitual response. Twin’s study of Big Five personality traits. Special interest in explaining variations in extroversion & introversion.

52
Q

Bystander effect

A

Helping when alone vs. when in a group - Genovese syndrome. Diffusion of responsibility.

53
Q

Milgram experiment

A

Humans will conform/follow directions despite knowing it’s negative effect on others - shock experiment, over 50% administered the shocks

54
Q

Why conform?

A

Group size, group unanimity, normative influence, (don’t want to be the weird one), informational influence (how to behave in ambiguous situations).

55
Q

Asch conformity studies found…

A

The degree to which people’s opinions are shifted by others - line experiment

56
Q

AACTCC Relationship Enhancement Skills

A

Appreciation
Affection
Commitment
Time together
Constructive problem solving
Communication
Give an example, evidence, or application for each. Tell which one you want to improve. Describe how you will work to improve it.

57
Q

Causes of stress

A

Frustration, internal conflict, change and pressure

58
Q

Types of stress

A

Acute stress, episodic stress, and chronic stress

59
Q

Segue’s general adaptation syndrome

A

Phase:
1. Alarm reaction
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion

60
Q

Deviance

A

Behavior that deviates from what the individual’s society considers acceptable.

61
Q

DSM5

A

The number of diagnosis have been increasing.

62
Q

Rosmarin And Hader

A

When dealing with anxiety they recommend to ride out the panic attacks.

63
Q

Thought Disputation Coping

A

Adversity
Belief
Consequence
Dispute
Energize

64
Q

Scrupulosity

A

A religious form of OCD

65
Q

Christ’s coping strategies

A
  1. Depart unto a desert place
  2. Support of friends, family, and church leaders
  3. Nevertheless to it is finished
  4. Reach out (professional help)
  5. Reach up (heavenly help)
  6. Serve

Psych 111 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions