Final Study Guide Flashcards
compare and contrast animal welfare and animal rights
animal welfare recognizes a relationship between humans and animals and how we can use science to improve their physical and mental health. animal rights is a belief that humans should not use animals in any way.
the five freedoms
freedom from…
- hunger and thirst
- discomfort
- pain, injury, and disease
- to express normal behavior
- fear and distress
what does the phrase “a rat is a dog is a boy” imply?
animals and humans are equal
name a leader that has helped advance animal rights in the US
Ingrid Newkirk – Founder of PETA
name two animal rights groups
People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and Animal Liberation Front (“to inflict economic damage on animal torturers”)
name leaders who have served as advocates for animal welfare
Temple Grandin and Bernard Rollins
define an argument. define an ethical argument. Why do we argue?
an argument: an opinion or claim supported by reasons.
ethical argument: a collection of factual reasons that support an ethical claim that something is good or bad
Why we argue? – to convince someone our perspective/opinion is correct
what makes a problem an ethical issue?
It is not an opinion but rather a commentary about appropriateness of something
define normative premise and describe how this is relevant to ethical arguments
They connect the facts to the opinion by showing why the
facts are meaningful or relevant to the claim one makes.
describe the ethical theories
good vs bad, rights and duties, virtue (good trait), fairness
describe how property rights have been established and what protects a citizens property rights
Right to occupy – to be there
Right to exclude – to keep others out
Right to use and enjoy – do what you want
Right to dispose – to sell, give away, or pass to heirs
describe the difference between intensive and extensive production
intensive: uses a lot of labor and resources on a smaller property
extensive: cultivating large farms with fewer labor and capital inputs
describe/define nuisance
something that invades or interferes with another rights or interests by being annoying, dangerous, unhealthy, etc.
define the ‘reasonable person test’ and how it can impact animal agriculture
would an average person be bothered
why are consumers concerned about antibiotic resistant bacteria
Antimicrobials used in animals are causing resistance in humans
will resistant organisms become more difficult to treat when infection does occur? why or why not?
Yes, cellular machinery is altered to thwart antibiotics in action
will drug resistant variants always exist or can they be eliminated? Explain your answer
They can always exist due to mutations.
will antimicrobial use increase the likelihood of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?
Yes
when originally designed, the organic food movement focused on what aspect of food production?
to eliminate our reliance on the use of chemicals on plants
what is the focus or benefits presented for the current organic production systems?
supports healthy and fertile soil
what criteria must food meet to qualify to be labeled as organic food?
feed sources are organic, animals are not treated with antibiotics, organic processing
why is the market for organic food increasing?
consumers care more about what they are putting into their body and partner organizations make it more available to farmers
what other ‘terms’ are used to differentiate foods in marketing to consumers?
no GMOs, no growth hormones, etc.
what are the primary concerns with regards to food borne illnesses?
that the food we are putting in the stores is not safe
name the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria that cause concerns about food borne illness.
E. coli or salmonella
describe the general types of hazards that exist in the food supply.
consumer error, production error, packaging and transport
Undercooked
Not pasteurized
Chemical contamination
Parasites
Harmful pathogenic bacterial/microbial growth
Storage
Inadequate heating/cooling
Cross contamination
Foreign materials
Antibiotics (chemical contamination)
who is responsible for food safety?
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discuss residue avoidance as it relates to animal products
making sure you are following guidelines to ensure there are not leftover residue in the meat
what are the steps the livestock industry has taken to reduce risk of residue contamination in meat, milk, and eggs?
10 Point Residue Avoidance Plan
-Practice healthy herd management
-Establish a valid vet/client/patient relationship
-Use FDA approved over the counter or prescription drugs with vet guidance (changing to all vet prescriptions)
-Maintain milk quality
-Effective mastitis management
-Administer drugs properly and identify treated animals
-Use technology and records AND a visible indicator (a mark or some sort of colored band)
-Maintain and use proper treatment records on all treated animals
-Use drug residue screening tests
-Implement employee/family awareness of proper drug use to avoid marketing adulterated milk and dairy beef
-Complete the milk and diary residue prevention protocol annually
what are the key components of residue avoidance and quality assurance programs?
complete the protocol annually
what is a zoonotic disease and why are they important in animal ag?
a disease that can transfer between humans and animals
name 2 current zoonotic diseases that concerns animal producers
Zoonotic Influenza and Salmonellosis
explain what avian influenza is and how it is spread
It is a type A influenza virus with many variations and can spread very quickly
what steps can be taken to protect domestic poultry from bird flu?
increase biosecurity, tested before market, birds are quarantined and all birds destroyed
what factors contribute to poor mental health among veterinarians?
the stress of being a high achiever, finances, balancing life, handling difficult clients
why was a ban implemented on horse slaughter in the US?
The Japanese took Ferdinand, a horse that won the derby, it was unsuccessful as a breeder and so they harvested his meat
–> created public concern
what has been the outcome of the bas of horse slaughter?
There is no longer a readily available market for horses with little or no value
-People in auctions that buy horses with no use often export horses to Mexico or Canada to be used for their meat
-Not under USDA regulations
-US is not getting profit
-Horses are being abused
-Animal welfare has declined
-People will abandon their horses
Should horse slaughter be legalized again? Why or why not?
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what is the most important issue facing the future of animal agriculture? Justify your answer.
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