Final Study Guide

Question 1

compare and contrast animal welfare and animal rights

Answer 1

animal welfare recognizes a relationship between humans and animals and how we can use science to improve their physical and mental health. animal rights is a belief that humans should not use animals in any way.

Question 2

the five freedoms

Answer 2

freedom from…
- hunger and thirst
- discomfort
- pain, injury, and disease
- to express normal behavior
- fear and distress

Question 3

what does the phrase “a rat is a dog is a boy” imply?

Answer 3

animals and humans are equal

Question 4

name a leader that has helped advance animal rights in the US

Answer 4

Ingrid Newkirk – Founder of PETA

Question 5

name two animal rights groups

Answer 5

People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and Animal Liberation Front (“to inflict economic damage on animal torturers”)

Question 6

name leaders who have served as advocates for animal welfare

Answer 6

Temple Grandin and Bernard Rollins

Question 7

define an argument. define an ethical argument. Why do we argue?

Answer 7

an argument: an opinion or claim supported by reasons.
ethical argument: a collection of factual reasons that support an ethical claim that something is good or bad

Why we argue? – to convince someone our perspective/opinion is correct

Question 8

what makes a problem an ethical issue?

Answer 8

It is not an opinion but rather a commentary about appropriateness of something

Question 9

define normative premise and describe how this is relevant to ethical arguments

Answer 9

They connect the facts to the opinion by showing why the
facts are meaningful or relevant to the claim one makes.

Question 10

describe the ethical theories

Answer 10

good vs bad, rights and duties, virtue (good trait), fairness

Question 11

describe how property rights have been established and what protects a citizens property rights

Answer 11

Right to occupy – to be there
Right to exclude – to keep others out
Right to use and enjoy – do what you want
Right to dispose – to sell, give away, or pass to heirs

Question 12

describe the difference between intensive and extensive production

Answer 12

intensive: uses a lot of labor and resources on a smaller property
extensive: cultivating large farms with fewer labor and capital inputs

Question 13

describe/define nuisance

Answer 13

something that invades or interferes with another rights or interests by being annoying, dangerous, unhealthy, etc.

Question 14

define the ‘reasonable person test’ and how it can impact animal agriculture

Answer 14

would an average person be bothered

Question 15

why are consumers concerned about antibiotic resistant bacteria

Answer 15

Antimicrobials used in animals are causing resistance in humans

Question 16

will resistant organisms become more difficult to treat when infection does occur? why or why not?

Answer 16

Yes, cellular machinery is altered to thwart antibiotics in action

Question 17

will drug resistant variants always exist or can they be eliminated? Explain your answer

Answer 17

They can always exist due to mutations.

Question 18

will antimicrobial use increase the likelihood of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

when originally designed, the organic food movement focused on what aspect of food production?

Answer 19

to eliminate our reliance on the use of chemicals on plants

Question 20

what is the focus or benefits presented for the current organic production systems?

Answer 20

supports healthy and fertile soil

Question 21

what criteria must food meet to qualify to be labeled as organic food?

Answer 21

feed sources are organic, animals are not treated with antibiotics, organic processing

Question 22

why is the market for organic food increasing?

Answer 22

consumers care more about what they are putting into their body and partner organizations make it more available to farmers

Question 23

what other ‘terms’ are used to differentiate foods in marketing to consumers?

Answer 23

no GMOs, no growth hormones, etc.

Question 24

what are the primary concerns with regards to food borne illnesses?

Answer 24

that the food we are putting in the stores is not safe

Question 25

name the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria that cause concerns about food borne illness.

Answer 25

E. coli or salmonella

Question 26

describe the general types of hazards that exist in the food supply.

Answer 26

consumer error, production error, packaging and transport

Undercooked
Not pasteurized
Chemical contamination
Parasites
Harmful pathogenic bacterial/microbial growth
Storage
Inadequate heating/cooling
Cross contamination
Foreign materials
Antibiotics (chemical contamination)

Question 27

who is responsible for food safety?

Answer 27

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Question 28

discuss residue avoidance as it relates to animal products

Answer 28

making sure you are following guidelines to ensure there are not leftover residue in the meat

Question 29

what are the steps the livestock industry has taken to reduce risk of residue contamination in meat, milk, and eggs?

Answer 29

10 Point Residue Avoidance Plan
-Practice healthy herd management
-Establish a valid vet/client/patient relationship
-Use FDA approved over the counter or prescription drugs with vet guidance (changing to all vet prescriptions)
-Maintain milk quality
-Effective mastitis management
-Administer drugs properly and identify treated animals
-Use technology and records AND a visible indicator (a mark or some sort of colored band)
-Maintain and use proper treatment records on all treated animals
-Use drug residue screening tests
-Implement employee/family awareness of proper drug use to avoid marketing adulterated milk and dairy beef
-Complete the milk and diary residue prevention protocol annually

Question 30

what are the key components of residue avoidance and quality assurance programs?

Answer 30

complete the protocol annually

Question 31

what is a zoonotic disease and why are they important in animal ag?

Answer 31

a disease that can transfer between humans and animals

Question 32

name 2 current zoonotic diseases that concerns animal producers

Answer 32

Zoonotic Influenza and Salmonellosis

Question 33

explain what avian influenza is and how it is spread

Answer 33

It is a type A influenza virus with many variations and can spread very quickly

Question 34

what steps can be taken to protect domestic poultry from bird flu?

Answer 34

increase biosecurity, tested before market, birds are quarantined and all birds destroyed

Question 35

what factors contribute to poor mental health among veterinarians?

Answer 35

the stress of being a high achiever, finances, balancing life, handling difficult clients

Question 36

why was a ban implemented on horse slaughter in the US?

Answer 36

The Japanese took Ferdinand, a horse that won the derby, it was unsuccessful as a breeder and so they harvested his meat
–> created public concern

Question 37

what has been the outcome of the bas of horse slaughter?

Answer 37

There is no longer a readily available market for horses with little or no value
-People in auctions that buy horses with no use often export horses to Mexico or Canada to be used for their meat
-Not under USDA regulations
-US is not getting profit
-Horses are being abused
-Animal welfare has declined
-People will abandon their horses

Question 38

Should horse slaughter be legalized again? Why or why not?

Answer 38

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Question 39

what is the most important issue facing the future of animal agriculture? Justify your answer.

Answer 39

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