Final Study Guide Flashcards
How did Ancient Greek philosophers investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality?
by using logic and reason
What legal legacy did the ancient Romans leave for the future governments?
by recording laws and legal decisions
How did the Reformation help contribute to the development of democracy?
they questioned the authority of monarchy
Why is habeas corpus important
it prevents people from being wrongly or unjustly detained
Judaism
views moses as it’s main lawgiver, 10 commandments as moral code
Christianity
follows the teachings of Jesus
Islam
follows the teachings of Muhammad, beliefs are found in the Qur’an
republic
a gov. where citizens elect representatives to rule and make laws
aristocracy
a gov. ruled by a few powerful rich people
direct democracy
a gov. where citizens actively rule and make laws
monarchy
a gov. ruled by a single person such as a queen
How did trade routes influence religion in Mecca?
travelers brought different spiritual traditions
In what three ways are the teachings of the Muslims similar to those of the Christians and Jews?
-a day of judgement
-heaven and hell
-a holy book
oppression
cruel or unjust treatment or control
alms
a responsibility to support those who are less fortunate than oneself
faith
expresses the belief in one god and Muhammad as his messenger
fasting
demonstrates that spiritual needs outweigh physical needs
prayer
is an action preformed 5 times a day towards Mecca
pilgrimage
an expectation of believers to travel to Mecca at least once in a lifetime
What was the name of the portable tent that the nomads of the Eurasian steppe used?
yurts
What happened after Ghengis Khan’s death?
his descendants continued his campaign for conquest
What role did Lady Murasaki play in the Heian period?
she wrote the worlds first novel
What position did Marco Polo have in Kublai Khan’s gov?
completed and served gov. missions
What was Marco Polo’s occupation when he traveled in a caravan along the Silk Roads to China?
a Venetian trader
What languages did Marco Polo learn?
Asian languages
How did Kublai Khan increase foreign trade on the Silk Roads?
he increased safety
What did Kublai Khan do to ensure a steady supply of grain to the north?
he restored the grand canal
While they were under Mongol rule, what did the Russians have to provide to the Mongols?
massive tributes
What did Ivan I do to gain the gratitude of the Mongols?
he helped crush a Russian revolt against Mongol rule
Where did most of the population in Western Europe move to during the decline of the Roman Empire?
the population became more rural
How were the Germanic kingdoms different from the Roman provinces?
they were held together by family ties
Monasteries served as centers of ___________ in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?
education
Why did Pope Leo III crown Charlemagne as emperor?
Charlemagne crushed an unruly mob that had attacked the pope
What happened to the population after the decline of the Roman Empire?
grew their own food, moved rural
What happened to the population after the decline of the Roman Empire?
grew their own food, moved rural
Describe how serfs lived in the manor system
-their lifespans were shortened by illness and malnutrition
-they endured harsh, crowded conditions
-their children were needed to work in the fields
What was a knight’s main obligation to his lord?
to serve in battle
Who was the religious leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church?
the partiarch
Language services were conducted in ___________ for the Eastern Orthodox Church
local languages
Could priests marry in the Eastern Orthodox Church?
yes
Did anyone hold authority over the spiritual leader in the Eastern Orthodox Church?
yes, the spiritual leader
The religious leader of the Roman Catholic church was the _____?
pope
Language services were conducted in ________ in the Roman Catholic Church?
Latin
Could priests marry in the Roman Catholic Church?
no
Did anyone hold power over the spiritual leader in the Roman Catholic Church?
no
How much power did Byzantine Emperors hold?
absolute power
Who is the common ancestor of Jews, Christians, and Muslims?
Abraham
How did Islam spread so quickly throughout parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe?
-religious message
-military conquest
-political order
-trade routes
What groups made up the four social levels in ancient Muslim society?
first: muslims at birth
second: converted muslims
third: Jews, Chrisians, Zoroastrains
fourth: slaves
What is another term for cultural diffusion?
cultural blending
What aspect of the Orthodox Christian church did Vladimir appreciate?
that the emperor was the supreme ruler of the church
How were noblewomen different than peasant woman?
noblewomen were able to inherit their husbands land
Why would a pope threaten to excommunicate a king?
to wield power to the ruler
What fraction of its yearly income did each Christian family pay to the Church in the form of tithes?
1/10
What were some differences between Romanesque buildings and Gothic cathedrals?
gothic: large stained glass, thin walls, spires
romanesque: thick walls, dark
Why did Pope Urban II call for a Crusade?
to gain control of the holy land
Why did kings want knights to join the Crusades?
kings wanted to rid themselves of quarrelsome knights
What increased as a result of the three-field system?
food production
Why did many people choose to move to medieval towns?
new economic and social opportunities
Scholars living in Spain were able to translate the works of philosopher into _______ (what language) which allowed Europeans to acquire a large new body of knowledge
Latin
