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SOFT A > FINAL SPRING 2015 > Flashcards

FINAL SPRING 2015 Flashcards

1
Q

Endobronchial obstruction can cause atelectasis and can also be associated with _____ and ____

A. Localized airtrapping
B. Obstructive pneumonitis
C. Mediastinal shift away from the density
D. Depressed hemidiaphragm

A

A. Localized airtrapping

B. Obstructive pneumonitis

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2
Q

Clinical suspicion of bronchiectasis that may mimic honeycomb lung is confirmed by which imaging procedure?

A. Decubitus series
B. Bronchography
C. Pulmonary MRI
D. Pulmonary CT

A

D. Pulmonary CT

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3
Q

The most cost effective imaging for verification of density in segment #1 or upper #1-3 is:

A. Bronchography
B. Tomography
C. Apical Lung
D. CT Scanning
E. Thoracic Series
A

C. Apical Lung

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4
Q

Which of the following signs would point to air space consolidation?

  1. Bilateral medullary lung opacification
  2. Septal Lines
  3. Air bronchogram
  4. Late appearance
  5. Acinar shadows
A. 1,2,4
B. 1,4
C. 1,3,5
D. 3,4
E. 1,2,3,4,5
A

C. 1,3,5

  1. Bilateral medullary lung opacification
  2. Air bronchogram
  3. Acinar shadows
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5
Q

A common cause of reticular pulmonary pattern is:

A. Pulmonary fibrosis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Silicosis

A

A. Pulmonary fibrosis

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6
Q

Which of the following would not be considered a cause of unilateral hyper lucent lung:

A. Mastectomy
B. Pneumothorax
C. Large emphysematous bulla
D. Pleural effusion

A

D. Pleural effusion

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7
Q

Which of the following are signs of interstitial disease?

  1. Kerley D lines
  2. Honeycomb densities
  3. 5-8mm nodules
  4. Reticulonodular densities
  5. Kerley B lines
A. 1,2,4,5
B. 2,4,5
C. 1,3,5
D. 1,2,5
E. 1,2,3,4,5
A

B. 2,4,5

  1. Honeycomb densities
  2. Reticulonodular densities
  3. Kerley B lines
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8
Q

Which of the following are signs associated with resorption atelectasis:

  1. Vascular crowding early
  2. Mediastinal shift away from density
  3. Hilar shift toward density
  4. Rib interspace narrowing
  5. Fissure movement away from density.
A. 1,2,3
B. 2,4
C. 1,3,4
D. 3,4
E. 2,3,4,5
A

C. 1,3,4

  1. Vascular crowding early
  2. Hilar shift toward density
  3. Rib interspace narrowing
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9
Q

Which one of the following is not an acute pneumonia?

A. Pneumococcal
B. Staph Aureus
C. Viral
D. Histoplasma

A

D. Histoplasma

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10
Q

Pulmonary consolidation in this segment could cause a silhouette sign with the pulmonary artery.

A. LUL #2
B. LUL #1-3
C. LUL #5
D. LLL #6
E. LUL #4
A

A. LUL #2

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11
Q

Bronchopneumonia pattern is typical of:

A. Streptococcus pneumonia
B. Staph aureus pneumonia
C. Viral pneumonia
D. Klebsiella pneumonia

A

B. staph aureus pneumonia

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12
Q

Pulmonary consolidation in this segment could cause a silhouette sign with the upper thoracic aorta.

A. LUL #2
B. LUL #1-3
C. LUL #5
D. LLL #6
E. LUL #4
A

D. LLL #6

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13
Q

A classic cause of lobar opacification is:

A. Viral pneumonia
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Mycoplasma pneumonia
D. Aspiration pneumonia

A

C. Mycoplasma pneumonia

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14
Q

Acute diffuse interstitial lung disease is usually due to pulmonary edema or ____ pneumonia.

A. Viral/Mycoplasmal
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Staph aureus
D. Aspiration

A

A. Viral/Mycoplasmal

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15
Q

Which of the following would not be associated with an air bronchogram?

A. Staph aureus pneumonia
B. Pneumococcal pneumonia
C. Resorption atelectasis
D. Pulmonary edema

A

C. Resorption atelectasis

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16
Q

Which of the following would typically be associated with interstitial disease?

A. Viral pneumonia
B. Klebsiella pneumonia
C. Staph aureus pneumonia
D. Pneumococcal pneumonia

A

A. Viral pneumonia

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17
Q

Three indirect signs of lung collapse are:

A. Increase lung lucency, displaced fissures, and hilar elevation.
B. Increased lung opacity, displaced fissures, and vascular or bronchial crowding
C. Unilateral hemidiaphragm elevation, mediastinal deviation, rib interspace narrowing
D. Hilar displacement, displaced fissures, hyper lucency of unaffected lung.

A

C. Unilateral hemidiaphragm elevation, mediastinal deviation, rib interspace narrowing

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18
Q

In children, resorption atelectasis related to large bronchial obstruction is often due to: PICK 2

A. Endobronchial tumor
B. Asthma
C. Foreign Object aspiration
D. Bronchial adenoma

A

B. Asthma

C. Foreign Object aspiration

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19
Q

The most common causes of acute acinar consolidation:

A. Infectious pneumonia, pulmonary edema
B. Alveolar cells, pulmonary edema
C. Blood, protein
D. Infectious pneumonia, blood

A

A. Infectious pneumonia, pulmonary edema

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20
Q

In young patients,

A

A. Infectious pneumonia

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21
Q

Most diffuse interstitial disease is _____ and most air space consolidation is _____

A. Acute, chronic
B. Asymptomatic, symptomatic
C. Chronic, acute
D. Symptomatic, asymptomatic

A

C. Chronic, acute

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22
Q

Of the acute infections, cavitation is most likely to be associated with:

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Staph aureus pneumonia
C. Viral pneumonia
D. Mycoplasma pneumonia
E. Tuberculosis
A

B. Staph aureus pneumonia

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23
Q

The basics of lung disease tell us the lung has a limited ability to react to disease. The interstitium can _____ and the alveoli can fill with _____

A. Contract, water
B. Thicken, air
C. Thin, blood/exudate
D. Thicken or thin, fluid or extra air

A

D. Thicken or thin, fluid or extra air

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24
Q

Air space disease may be indicated on plain film by:

A. Honeycomb lung
B. Kerley lines
C. Meniscus sign
D. Butterfly shadow

A

D. Butterfly shadow

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25
Q

On a chest series, the findings are: unilateral, localized, homogenous increase in radio density. What are the next considerations.

  1. Is it consolidation
  2. Is it interstitial
  3. Is it a tumour
  4. Is it air trapping
  5. Is it atelectasis
A. 1,3,5
B. 2,4,5
C. 1,2,3
D. 1,4
E. 1,2,3,4
A

A. 1,3,5

Is it consolidation
Is it a tumour
Is it atelectasis

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26
Q

Which of the following are complications of honeycomb lung?

  1. Pleural calcification
  2. Pneumothorax
  3. Ranke complex
  4. Cor pulmonale
  5. Congestive heart failure
A. 1,3,4,5
B. 2,4
C. 1,2,3
D. 1,4
E. 1,3,4
A

B. 2,4

Pneumothorax
Cor pulmonale

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27
Q

On a chest series, the findings are: bilateral, widespread, non-homogenous increase in radio density. What are the next considerations?

  1. Is it nodular 5-8mm
  2. Is it reticular
  3. Is it nodule 3-5mm
  4. Is it nodular 1-2mm
  5. Is it honeycomb
A. 1,3,5
B. 2,3,4,5
C. 1,2,3
D. 1,4
E. 1,2,3,4
A

B. 2,3,4,5

  1. Is it reticular
  2. Is it nodule 3-5mm
  3. Is it nodular 1-2mm
  4. Is it honeycomb
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28
Q

Which accessory fissure involves parietal pleura?

A. Inferior accessory fissure
B. Superior accessory fissure
C. Accessory left minor fissure
D. Azygous fissure

A

D. Azygous fissure

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29
Q

Which of the following are descriptive of Kerley B lines. PICK ALL THAT APPLY

A. Thickened interlobular septa
B. Perpendicular to the pleura
C. 0.5 - 2 cm long
D. Extend outward from hilar area

A

A. Thickened interlobular septa
B. Perpendicular to the pleura
C. 0.5 - 2 cm long

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30
Q

The superior accessory fissure:

A. Splits RUL segment 2 from 3
B. Could mimic minor fissure on the PA view
C. Splits RUL segment 1 from 2 and 3
D. Splits LUL segment 2 from 1-3

A

B. Could mimic minor fissure on the PA view

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31
Q

MATCHING the condition with explanation

Aspiration pn. E

A. Localized density with meniscus sign
B. Bilateral hilar enlargement
C. Bilateral lung hyperlucency
D. Lobar consolidation
E. Affinity for RLL or RML
AB. Unilateral hilar enlargement
AC. May produce bronchopneumonia pattern
AD. Common non-infectious granulomatous disease
A

E. Affinity for RLL or RML

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32
Q

MATCHING the condition with explanation

Staph aureus

A. Localized density with meniscus sign
B. Bilateral hilar enlargement
C. Bilateral lung hyperlucency
D. Lobar consolidation
E. Affinity for RLL or RML
AB. Unilateral hilar enlargement
AC. May produce bronchopneumonia pattern
AD. Common non-infectious granulomatous disease
A

AC. May produce bronchopneumonia pattern

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33
Q

MATCHING the condition with explanation

Pulmonary arteries

A. Localized density with meniscus sign
B. Bilateral hilar enlargement
C. Bilateral lung hyperlucency
D. Lobar consolidation
E. Affinity for RLL or RML
AB. Unilateral hilar enlargement
AC. May produce bronchopneumonia pattern
AD. Common non-infectious granulomatous disease
A

B. Bilateral hilar enlargement

34
Q

MATCHING the condition with explanation

Pleural effusion

A. Localized density with meniscus sign
B. Bilateral hilar enlargement
C. Bilateral lung hyperlucency
D. Lobar consolidation
E. Affinity for RLL or RML
AB. Unilateral hilar enlargement
AC. May produce bronchopneumonia pattern
AD. Common non-infectious granulomatous disease
A

A. Localized density with meniscus

35
Q

MATCHING the condition with explanation

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A. Localized density with meniscus sign
B. Bilateral hilar enlargement
C. Bilateral lung hyperlucency
D. Lobar consolidation
E. Affinity for RLL or RML
AB. Unilateral hilar enlargement
AC. May produce bronchopneumonia pattern
AD. Common non-infectious granulomatous disease
A

D. Lobar consolidation

36
Q

When the lingual is atelectic:

A. The right cardiac border is obliterated
B. The ascending aorta border is obliterated
C. The right hemidiaphragm border is obliterated
D. Compensatory emphysema may be only indirect sign

A

D. Compensatory emphysema may be only direct sign

37
Q

What is the principal mechanism for atelectasis with a large hilar related neoplasm?

A. Passive
B. Cicatricial
C. Adhesive
D. Obstructive

A

D. Obstructive

38
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a PA, upright, frontal, full inspiration chest view?

A. Minimal magnification
B. 50% smaller vessels in upper lung
C. Heart will show maximum size
D. Diaphragm will be at lowest level

A

C. Heart will show maximum size

39
Q

Expiration and AP supine chest radiograph show _____ when compared to upright PA:

A. Larger blood vessels, whiter lungs
B. Smaller blood vessels, hyperlucent lungs
C. Smaller blood vessels, whiter lungs
D. Larger blood vessels, hyperlucent lungs

A

A. Larger blood vessels, whiter lungs

40
Q

All of the following would be better visualized on the expiratory film except:

A. Pneumothorax
B. Air trapping
C. Pneumatocele
D. Pleural effusion

A

D. Pleural effusion

41
Q

Direct blunt trauma to the chest may result in pulmonary laceration or:

A. Bilateral medullary lung opacification
B. Localized reticular disease
C. Atelectasis
D. Pulmonary contusion

A

D. Pulmonary contusion

42
Q

Left mediastinal anatomy ordered correctly from superior to inferior:

A. Aortic knob, pulmonary artery, left ventricle, left atrium
B. Pulmonary artery, aortic knob, left atrium, left ventricle
C. Aortic knob, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle
D. Ascending aorta, aortic knob, and pulmonary artery, left ventricle

A

C. Aortic knob, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle

43
Q

The air bronchogram sign:

A. Indication of atelectasis
B. Seen only with acinonodular consolidation
C. Seen only with lobar consolidation
D. Not often seen due to bronchial filling

A

D. Not often seen due to bronchial filling

44
Q

With the silhouette sign, which is an incorrect statement?

A. Allows for localization of density
B. Can involve the mediastinum
C. Does not localize at the chest wall
D. Is useful with consolidation, atelectasis or interstitial disease

A

D. Is useful with consolidation, atelectasis, or interstitial disease

45
Q

The numerical value of tissue density on a CT scan is called Hounsfield units and the typical value for water is:

A. -100
B. +350
C. 0
D. -800

A

C. 0

46
Q

Which of the following is not a consolidation sign?

A. Butterfly shadow
B. Late coalescence
C. Fuzzy borders
D. Subsegmental density
E. Lobar pattern
A

B. Late coalescence

47
Q

“Air bronchogram sign” ;

A. Visible air filled bronchi surrounded by opacified lung
B. Opacified bronchi surrounded by air filled lung
C. No visible bronchi because of opacified lung and bronchi
D. Visible air filled bronchi because of adjacent interstitial disease

A

A. Visible air filled bronchi surrounded by opacified lung

48
Q

A full inspiration PA chest projection will show:

A. Eight posterior ribs
B. Left tracheal deviation by the aorta
C. 1 to 1 vascular ratio
D. Left cardiac-medial diaphragm silhouette sign

A

D. Left cardiac-medial diaphragm silhouette sign

49
Q

Kerley B lines are indicative of _____ and associated with _____:

A. Lobar consolidation/ pneumonia
B. Interstitial disease/ atypical pneumonia
C. Butterfly shadow/ pulmonary edema
D. Interstitial disease/ pulmonary edema

A

D. Interstitial disease/ pulmonary edema

50
Q

Metastasis to the lung from osteosarcoma would present as:

A. A solitary cavitating lesion
B. Multiple pulmonary nodules >8mm
C. Multiple cavitating nodules >2cm
D. Multiple evenly distributed nodules 3-5mm in size

A

B. Multiple pulmonary nodules >8mm

51
Q

Localized hyperlucency (extreme right side of the flow chart) is seen with all of the following except:

A. Emphysema
B. Cavitation
C. Pneumothorax
D. Airtrapping

A

A. Emphysema

52
Q

The MOST COMMON causes for airspace consolidation are:

  1. Blood
  2. Water
  3. Protein
  4. Puss
  5. Cells
A. 2,4
B. 1,5
C. 1,2,3
D. 3,5
E. 2,3,5
A

A. 2,4

Water
Puss

53
Q

Lower left heart border “silhouette sign” may be produced by:

A. LUL atelectasis
B. LUL 1-3 atelectasis
C. LLL 7,8 pneumonia
D. LUL 5 pneumonia

A

D. LUL 5 pneumonia

54
Q

Suspected pneumothorax on a full inspiration PA chest view could be confirmed most cost-effectively by:

A. Chest CT
B. Chest MRI
C. Lateral decubitus with involved side down
D. Expiration film

A

D. Expiration film

55
Q

The most common cause for adult resorption atelectasis is:

A. Foreign object aspiration
B. Bronchogenic cancer
C. Lymphadenopathy
D. Asthma

A

B. Bronchogenic cancer

56
Q

Which of the following is not part of the criteria for the usual frontal chest view?

A. Frontal view A for shorter OFD
B. Full inspiration breathing termination
C. 75-90 kVp
D. Can be done grid or non-grid

A

C. 75 - 90 kVp

57
Q

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the right ventricle:

A. Does not border form on the frontal view
B. May approximate the lower 50% of the sternum when enlarged
C. Is the frontal heart border, on the lateral view
D. Makes up the right heart border along with the right atrium, on the frontal view

A

D. Makes up the right heart border along with the right atrium, on the frontal view

58
Q

Hilar bronchogenic cancer can have an impact on all of the following nerves except:

A. Recurrent laryngeal
B. Vagus
C. Phrenic
D. Sympathetic chain

A

D. Sympathetic chain

59
Q

On chest CT Hounsfield units for pure air and lung are ___ and ___. PICK 2

A. - 1000
B. -120
C. -800
D. 0

A

A. -1000

C. -800

60
Q

Which of the following hilar anatomy structures would typically produce unilateral hilar enlargement?

A. Pulmonary veins
B. Lymph nodes
C. Bronchus
D. Pulmonary artery

A

C. Bronchus

61
Q

On the frontal PA chest view, which cardiac chamber does not border form?

A. Right ventricle
B. Right atrium
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle

A

A. Right ventricle

62
Q

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the pulmonary artery, on the PA chest view:

A. Is medial to the left hills
B. Should superimpose over the left hilus
C. Forms a shallow convex border below the aortic knob
D. Is at the same level and opposite to the ascending aorta

A

B. Should superimpose over the left hilus

63
Q

Which of the following is not a fibrosis pattern?

A. Honeycomb
B. Stringy linear density
C. Reticular non-honeycomb
D. Nodular 3-5mm

A

D. Nodular 3-5mm

64
Q

Aorta could produce a mediastinal mass in ______

A. Anterior mediastinum
B. Middle mediastinum
C. Posterior mediastinum
D. All mediastinum divisions

A

D. All mediastinum divisions

65
Q

All of the following are true statements regarding mediastinal lymph nodes except:

A. Can be seen when calcified
B. LAN can be detected on CT or plain film
C. Enlargement can be inflammatory or neoplastic
D. Can be detected on CT only when calcified or >3cm

A

D. Can be detected on CT only when calcified >3cm

66
Q

Left lateral decubitus view is made with the patient:

A. Lying on their right side with the x-ray beam parallel to the floor
B. Lying on their left side with the x-ray beam parallel to the floor
C. Lying on the left side with he x-ray beam

A

B. Lying on their left side with the x-ray beam parallel to the floor

67
Q

With a large amount of free pleural fluid:

A. There will be bilateral localized water density
B. There will be localized lucency & water density
C. There will be localized water density
D. There will be bilateral widespread heterogenous water density

A

C. There will be localized water density

68
Q

All of the following are ACUTE pneumonia radiographic appearances except:

A. Lobar opacification
B. Medial subsegmental consolidation
C. Reticular interstitial pattern
D. Well-defined nodular density

A

D. Well-defined nodular density

69
Q

Best imaging for suspected pleural effusion confirmation would be ___ or ____. PICK 2

A. Lateral decubitus with affected side up
B. PA with full inhalation
C. Lateral decubitus with affected side down
D. CT

A

C. Lateral decubitus with affected side down

D. CT

70
Q

Air space disease may be indicated on plain film by:

A. Kerley’s lines
B. Honeycomb lung
C. A meniscus sign
D. A butterfly pattern of density with air bronchogram

A

D. A butterfly pattern of density with air bronchogram

71
Q

Pulmonary artery would be considered _____ mediastinal (Based on radiographic divisions)

A. Anterior
B. Inferior
C. Middle
D. Posterior

A

C. Middle

72
Q

An ascending aortic aneurysm would produce: (Based on radiographic divisions)

A. A middle mediastinal mass
B. Widening of the upper mediastinum
C. Silhouette sign with the hills
D. Anterior mediastinal mass

A

D. Anterior mediastinal mass

73
Q

All are correct statements regarding the importance of understanding the pulmonary lymphatic drainage schematic (we call it big orange) except:

A. Explains how pneumonia may spread
B. Explains how tumours may spread
C. Explains the reticular vs. nodular pattern
D. Explains pulmonary edema radiographic pattern

A

C. Explains the reticular vs. nodular pattern

74
Q

Acute spinal compression fracture with surrounding hematoma might produce a(n): (Based on the radiographic divisions)

A. Anterior mediastinal mass
B. Inferior mediastinal mass
C. Middle mediastinal mass
D. Posterior mediastinal mass

A

D. Posterior mediastinal mass

75
Q

Based on the “acute pneumonia classification” the most likely appearance for viral/mycoplasmal pneumonia is:

A. Interstitial pattern
B. Bronchopneumonia
C. Lobar pneumonia
D. Cavitation

A

A. Interstitial pattern

76
Q

MATCHING: Match the correct explanation

Resorption atelectasis

A. 7 and 8 silhouette diaphragm
B. Bilateral medullary lung consolidation
C. Can result from tumor or asthma
D. Widespread 5-8 "dot" pattern
E. Causes left ventricular failure
AB. Rarely widespread bilateral hyperlucent lung
AC. Cor pulmonale
AD. Localized hyperlucency
A

C. Can result from tumor or asthma

77
Q

MATCHING: Match the correct explanation

Acinonodular pattern

A. 7 and 8 silhouette diaphragm
B. Bilateral medullary lung consolidation
C. Can result from tumor or asthma
D. Widespread 5-8 "dot" pattern
E. Causes left ventricular failure
AB. Rarely widespread bilateral hyperlucent lung
AC. Cor pulmonale
AD. Localized hyperlucency
A

D. Widespread 5-8 “dot” pattern

78
Q

MATCHING: Match the correct explanation

Asthma

A. 7 and 8 silhouette diaphragm
B. Bilateral medullary lung consolidation
C. Can result from tumor or asthma
D. Widespread 5-8 "dot" pattern
E. Causes left ventricular failure
AB. Rarely widespread bilateral hyperlucent lung
AC. Cor pulmonale
AD. Localized hyperlucency
A

AD. Localized hyperlucency

79
Q

MATCHING: Match the correct explanation

PA Chest view

A. 7 and 8 silhouette diaphragm
B. Bilateral medullary lung consolidation
C. Can result from tumor or asthma
D. Widespread 5-8 "dot" pattern
E. Causes left ventricular failure
AB. Rarely widespread bilateral hyperlucent lung
AC. Cor pulmonale
AD. Localized hyperlucency
A

A. 7 and 8 silhouette diaphragm

80
Q

MATCHING: Match the correct explanation

Honeycomb lung

A. 7 and 8 silhouette diaphragm
B. Bilateral medullary lung consolidation
C. Can result from tumor or asthma
D. Widespread 5-8 "dot" pattern
E. Causes left ventricular failure
AB. Rarely widespread bilateral hyperlucent lung
AC. Cor pulmonale
AD. Localized hyperlucency
A

AC. Cor pulmonale

81
Q

Patient’s with NF and PSS (progressive systemic sclerosis) have _____ in common.

A. Localized consolidation and cavitation
B. Widespread air trapping
C. Atelectasis
D. Honeycomb lung

A

D. Honeycomb lung

SOFT A (6 decks)

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