Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

M2M Unit III > Final shit > Flashcards

Final shit Flashcards

1
Q

opening of the activation gate of a sodium channel likely corresponds to a ______

A

hinge-like motion of the S6 segments around a conserved glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The inactivation gate of NaV channels is formed by the ______

A

cytoplasmic loop which connects repeats III and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

for nonmyelinated fibers, conduction velocity increases as the _________,

A

Square root of the diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Demyelination of axons results in proliferation of ____

A

sodium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The signal recognition partivle binding pocket is lined by ____

A

methionines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

AA sequence that leads to N-linked glycosylation

A

Asn-X-Ser/Thr (X can be any amino acid except proline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ER resident proteins have a specific ____ sequence on their _____, which binds to _______. These membrane proteins bind to _____

A

KDEL
KDEL receptors
COPI coats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mannose 6-phosphate is a sorting signal for_______

A

Lysosomal proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Location of proteosome

A

cytosol and nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

E1

A

Activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

E2

A

Conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

E3

A

Ligation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ubiquitin is added to ___

A

Lysine acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Beta substrates of proteosome

A

proteolytically active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

alpha subunits of proteosome

A

regulate substrate entry into death chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does E. coli stay alive in a cell?

A

Glycosylate FADD, making it unable to activate Caspase 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PKA phosphorylation effect on smooth muscle

A

inhibits smooth muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Effective buffering occurs in the range from

A

[A-]/[HA] = 0.1 to 10 or within one pH unit on either side of the pKa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

H-H equation for bicarbonate system

A

pH = 6.1 + log [HCO3-]mM/ .03Pco2mmHg

pH = 6.1 + log 24 mM/ .03 X 40mmHg
pH = 6.1 + log 24/ 1.2
pH = 6.1 + log 20 = 7.4!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

• Events that can produce loss of heterozygosity

A

o 1) Mitotic recombination

o 2) Loss of chromosome or translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

P53 is inactive when bound to ____

A

mdm2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Systemic therapy of renal cell carcinoma

A

VEGFR-R inhibitors
tyrosine kinase inhibits
MTOR inhibitors
immunotherapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Negatively charged lipids and location

A

PS, PI, PE

internal surface

24
Q

GPI linkage location

A

Extracellular face

25
Q

Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis

A

o Cleavage of bHLH from SREBP sometimes cuts in transmembrane domain
o Critical for Notch signaling and development
o Important for cleavage of APP protein to produce B-amyloid peptide in Alzheimer’s disease

26
Q

Proteins involved in RIP of bHLH

A

S1P and S2P

Two step protellysis

27
Q

) HIV - Gp41 protein mechanism

A

Brings transmembrane domain and fusogenic pepetide domain close together  fp imbedded into membrane

28
Q

Regulation of specificity for viral fusion comes at the ___ level

A

Activation

29
Q

Influenza viral fusion mechanism

A
  • Binds plasma membrane of any cell, and gets internalized into lysosome
  • Drop in pH of lysosome triggers activation of influenza
  • Stable metastable conformation triggered by low pH
  • Not cell specific, but timing specific
30
Q

HIV viral fusion mechanism

A
  • Fuses with plasma membrane and GP41 and GP120 recognize and binds to CD4  change conformation activating GP41
  • Regulated by binding to CD4 receptor HIV only recognizes CD4 containing cells
31
Q

Donnan rule

A

[K+]o [Cl-]o = [K+]i [Cl-]i

32
Q

Describe why, in neurons and other excitable cells, membrane potential is sensitive to small changes in [K+]o, but not [Na+]o.

A

o Cell is more sensitive to [K+] because its starting concentration outside the cell is much smaller than Na+, and thus is much more sensitive to small changes in concentration

33
Q

People at higher risk for cerebral edema in DKA

A

Sicker or younger

34
Q

Clinical manifestation cerebral edema

A

Hypertension

Bradycardic

35
Q

Tight epithelia location

A

Sweat glands, distal kidney tubules

36
Q

Leaky epithelia locations

A

small/large intestine, gall bladder, proximal kidney tubules

37
Q

pumps involved in epithelial secretion

A
  • Na/K/2Cl cotransporter- basolateral side

- Cl- channel- apical side

38
Q

Myelin ____ electrical resistance and ____ capacitance

A

increases

decreases

39
Q

Consequences of demyelination in MS

A
  • Change resting potential
    • harder to depolarize due to constant leak of K+ out of cell
  • Produce proliferation of Na channels
40
Q

Therapies for MS

A
  • NA channel blockers

- K+ channel blockers

41
Q

Na channel blockers for treatment of MS

A

Phenytoin, Flecainidine

Preserve axons

42
Q

K channel blockers for treatment of MS

A

Dalfampridine

43
Q

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) is made of

A

6 proteins and 1 RNA

44
Q

What happens after the proteasome cuts off the ubiquitin?

A

Ubiquitin is recycled

45
Q

B1 – cleaves after _____
B2 – cleaves after ____
B5 – cleaves after _____

A

Acidic AA
Basic AA
Hydrophobic AA

46
Q

Microtubule polymerization inhibitors

A

Colchicine, vinblastine, vincristine

47
Q

o Paclitaxel

A

binds and stabilizes microtubules causing Tubulin aggregates  block mitosis

48
Q

Arp2/4 _____ two actin monomers

FH2 ____ two actin monomers

A

Mimics

Binds

49
Q

• Lissencephaly

A

Severe brain development defect, smooth cortical surface (no gyri)
oNormal complex cytoarchitecture requires neuronal migration
o Due to loss of function n-coflilin (actin filament depolarizing

50
Q

Three main sources of androgen in PCA

A

-testes 90-95
adrenal glands 5-10
intracrine androgen production

51
Q

4 mechanisms of resistance to hormone therapy in PCA

A

1.ARactivationvianon‐gonadaltestosterone 2.OverexpressionofAR 3.ARmutationleadingtopromiscuousAR activation 4.TruncatedformofAR,withconstitutive activationoftheligandbindingdomai

52
Q

Enzyme that plays a key role in androgen production

A

CYP17

53
Q

Specific inhibitor of CYP17

A

Abiraterone

blocks test from all three sources

54
Q

Enzalutamide

A

antiandrogen

55
Q

Enzalutamide inhibits: (3)

A
  • nuclear translocation
  • co activator recruitmen
  • DNA binding of AR

M2M Unit III (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions