Final-Shell Flashcards by Matt Lazarus

Vector for RMSF?

Dermacentor

Rhiphicephalus

Amblyomma

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Pseudorabies is most associated with what location?

Pig farms

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If a dog with distemper only shows neuro signs, is it shedding the virus?

Nope

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What is the best way to diagnose toxo?

Muscle/nerve biopsy

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A dog presents with acute gastroenteritis and hemorrhagic diarrhea, likely cause?

Salmonella

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How fast can RMSF be transmitted by a tick?

5-20hr

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A young unvaccinated dog presents with UR signs and GI signs, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Distemper

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Acute signs of lyme?

Lameness

Joint swelling

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Central or peripheral vestibular signs are often seen with what organisms?

Ricketssia

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What clinical sign is associated with Neosporosis?

Pelvic limb extensor rigidity in puppies

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Which Osp sticks to the lyme tick’s saliva?

OspC

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Biochemistry for parvo?

HypoG

HypoC

HypoK

Anemic- penias

HypoA

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A serology above this ratio is indicative of active disease in Lepto? What is the exception???

1:3200

Recent vaccination

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When you can safely say and animal is cured of Brucella?

Negative culture & TAT for 6m

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A sardonic grin is characterstic of what bacterial infection?

Clostridium tetani

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How can you tell the difference between active distemper infection and just the vaccine?

You can’t….sucks to suck

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What signs will you see with vaccine induced canine distemper?

only CNS- no systemic

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Special instructions you need to tell the lab if you suspect campylobacter?

Keep longer!! Takes 72h-96h

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Tx for Toxo?

Clindamycin

sulfa + pyrimethamine

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Lyme tick?

Ixodes

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A serological ratio of this level MAY indicate lepto

1:1800

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Puppies present dead under 2w of age…likely diagnosis?

Herpes

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Cytology of this region can be performed for lyme disease

Joint fluid (high neutrophils and protein)

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If you are submitting a PCR for lepto, what specimen will be higher first?

Blood higher in first week

Urine higher after the first week

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Diskospondylitis bacteria?

Brucella

Signs of Leishmaniasis

Fever Hepato/splenomegaly Joint swelling Lymphadenopathy Fever

Vector for Hepatozoon americanum?

Amblyoma

Treatment for botulism?

Supportive care- toxin goes away in 3-4w

Most prominent signs with ricketssial organisms?

Lameness

What causes Valley Fever?

Coccidioides immitus

How long do dogs with Hepatitis shed the virus in their urine?

What will you see on CBC of Hepatozoonosis?

Very high WBC

What is the least pathogenic form of Babesia?

B. canis volgeli

What will you see on rads of Hepatozoonosis?

Periosteal reaction at muscle attachment

Interpreting titers for toxo and Leishmaniasis

High IgM 4x increase in IgG in 2-4 weeks

What protein may increase with ricketssial infection?

Globulin

How can you differentiate Actinomyces and Nocardia?

Acid fast (nocardia)

A young unvaccinated dog presents with myoclonus, most likely diagnosis?

Distemper

Acute LMN quadriparalysis is indicative of what bacteria?

Clostridium botulinum

What lab findings do you see with ricketssia?

Anemia Lymphocytosis Proteinuria HypoA, HyperG

Vector of Leishmaniasis?

Sand flies

What is the most definitive test for lyme?

Culture BUT it's difficult to do!

Why is it so hard to diagnose Brucella?

Intracellular bacteria- it hides!

Type of diarrhea seen with salmonella?

Hemorrhagic diearrhea

Hard pad disease?

Distemper

Tx of Giardia?

Fenbendazole Metronidazole

Zoonotic bacteria

Campylobacter Leptospirosis

Bee swarms on a fecal are indicative of what bacteria?

Campylobacter

This bacteria is not a problem unless the animal has had a splenectomy

M. hemocanis/felis

Mild diarrhea in pups that presents like parvo. Often subclinical

Coronavirus

What drug eliminates the carrier state for lepto?

Doxy

Is Crypto zoonotic?

Yes

Tick for ehrlichia?

Rhiphicephalus

What ricketssial organism can be confused with parvo based upon the look and smell?

Neoricketssia helmintheca (salmon poisoning)

Acidophilic bacteria?

Helicobacter

Pathological diagnosis of vaccine induced canine distemper?

Braint stem necrosis

Tx of Neosporosis?

Clindamycin Sulfa + pyrimethamine

What should you avoid when treating pain associated with Hepatozoonosis?

Steroids and immunosuppression - use NSAIDs instead

MOA of Botulism?

No ACH release and NMJ (from bad meat)

What test can detect lyme 2 weeks post exposure?

C6 Antibody snap Doesn't react with vaccine += exposure AND infection (_not disease_)

What is the most common symptom of brucella?

Repro problems

What dog breeds typically carry Babesia?

Pit bulls - B. gibsoni Greyhounds - B. canis

Downside of using serology to diagnose Brucella?

Not positive for 2-4w Can stay positive for 3y post infection

If the TAT for Brucella is above this level, the animal has active disease

200

Treatment for ricketssial organisms?

Doxycycline

Best way to diagnose Leishmaniasis?

PCR

What is the infectious bacteria in lyme?

Borrelia

Clinical signs associated with toxo?

Pelvic limb extensor rigidity Abortions

A dog presents with jaundice, hemorrhagic diarrhea and corneal edema, what's wrong?

Hepatitis

If IgM is increased in a distemper case, what does that tell you?

Recent infection OR Vaccinated

T/F: Lepto rarely infects cats

True

When do signs of Lyme appear?

2-5m post exposure

If you see a dog with renal and hepatic failure, this is a red flag for what bacteria?

Lepto

A leukocytosis with a left shift is indicative of this bacterial infection?

Actinomyces Nocardia

Survivors of this disease with have cerebellar hypoplasia signs

Herpes

Tests for Helicobacter?

PCR Urease

What is the vector for Babesiosis and how long does it need to be attached?

Rhipicephalus Attached for 2-3 days

This bacteria causes degeneration of gastric glands and parietal cell necrosis-\> gastritis

Helicobacter

Acid fast bacteria?

Nocardia

Bacteria that is common in oral cavities and infects other animals through bite wounds?

Actinomyces

Which Osp or lyme sticks to the tick gut?

OspA

T/F: Leishmaniasis is reportable

True

Which has more of a bleeding problem? RMSF or Ehrlichia?

Ehrlichia

Downside of using RSAT to diagnose Brucella?

not specific- false positives

What will you see on chem analysis of Hepatozoonosis?

Low glucose Low albumin High phosphorus High ALP

What test do we use to confirm Lyme? Why?

Western Blot Differentiates vaccine vs. _antibodies_ Does NOT tell current vs old infection

Treatment for Lyme?

Doxycycline

T/F: Salmonella in a fecal sample is in indicative of that being the cause

False- part of normal flora

Every lyme + dog should be tested for this....

proteinuria

If performing a Whole Cell ELISA for lyme what does IgM mean? IgG?

IgM- positive w/i first 60-90d IgG- could just mean old infection! persists for years

Tx for Crypto?

None

Systemic sign of lyme?

Nephropathy

Type of diarrhea seen with Campylobacter?

Large Bowel diarrhea fresh blood, mucus, water, tenesmus