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SAM 1 > Final-Shell > Flashcards

Final-Shell Flashcards

1
Q

Vector for RMSF?

A

Dermacentor

Rhiphicephalus

Amblyomma

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2
Q

Pseudorabies is most associated with what location?

A

Pig farms

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3
Q

If a dog with distemper only shows neuro signs, is it shedding the virus?

A

Nope

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4
Q

What is the best way to diagnose toxo?

A

Muscle/nerve biopsy

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5
Q

A dog presents with acute gastroenteritis and hemorrhagic diarrhea, likely cause?

A

Salmonella

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6
Q

How fast can RMSF be transmitted by a tick?

A

5-20hr

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7
Q

A young unvaccinated dog presents with UR signs and GI signs, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Distemper

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8
Q

Acute signs of lyme?

A

Lameness

Joint swelling

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9
Q

Central or peripheral vestibular signs are often seen with what organisms?

A

Ricketssia

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10
Q

What clinical sign is associated with Neosporosis?

A

Pelvic limb extensor rigidity in puppies

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11
Q

Which Osp sticks to the lyme tick’s saliva?

A

OspC

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12
Q

Biochemistry for parvo?

A

HypoG

HypoC

HypoK

Anemic- penias

HypoA

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13
Q

A serology above this ratio is indicative of active disease in Lepto? What is the exception???

A

1:3200

Recent vaccination

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14
Q

When you can safely say and animal is cured of Brucella?

A

Negative culture & TAT for 6m

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15
Q

A sardonic grin is characterstic of what bacterial infection?

A

Clostridium tetani

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16
Q

How can you tell the difference between active distemper infection and just the vaccine?

A

You can’t….sucks to suck

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17
Q

What signs will you see with vaccine induced canine distemper?

A

only CNS- no systemic

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18
Q

Special instructions you need to tell the lab if you suspect campylobacter?

A

Keep longer!! Takes 72h-96h

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19
Q

Tx for Toxo?

A

Clindamycin

sulfa + pyrimethamine

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20
Q

Lyme tick?

A

Ixodes

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21
Q

A serological ratio of this level MAY indicate lepto

A

1:1800

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22
Q

Puppies present dead under 2w of age…likely diagnosis?

A

Herpes

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23
Q

Cytology of this region can be performed for lyme disease

A

Joint fluid (high neutrophils and protein)

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24
Q

If you are submitting a PCR for lepto, what specimen will be higher first?

A

Blood higher in first week

Urine higher after the first week

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25
Q

Diskospondylitis bacteria?

A

Brucella

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26
Q

Signs of Leishmaniasis

A

Fever

Hepato/splenomegaly

Joint swelling

Lymphadenopathy

Fever

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27
Q

Vector for Hepatozoon americanum?

A

Amblyoma

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28
Q

Treatment for botulism?

A

Supportive care- toxin goes away in 3-4w

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29
Q

Most prominent signs with ricketssial organisms?

A

Lameness

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30
Q

What causes Valley Fever?

A

Coccidioides immitus

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31
Q

How long do dogs with Hepatitis shed the virus in their urine?

A

6m

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32
Q

What will you see on CBC of Hepatozoonosis?

A

Very high WBC

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33
Q

What is the least pathogenic form of Babesia?

A

B. canis volgeli

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34
Q

What will you see on rads of Hepatozoonosis?

A

Periosteal reaction at muscle attachment

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35
Q

Interpreting titers for toxo and Leishmaniasis

A

High IgM

4x increase in IgG in 2-4 weeks

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36
Q

What protein may increase with ricketssial infection?

A

Globulin

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37
Q

How can you differentiate Actinomyces and Nocardia?

A

Acid fast (nocardia)

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38
Q

A young unvaccinated dog presents with myoclonus, most likely diagnosis?

A

Distemper

39
Q

Acute LMN quadriparalysis is indicative of what bacteria?

A

Clostridium botulinum

40
Q

What lab findings do you see with ricketssia?

A

Anemia

Lymphocytosis

Proteinuria

HypoA, HyperG

41
Q

Vector of Leishmaniasis?

A

Sand flies

42
Q

What is the most definitive test for lyme?

A

Culture BUT it’s difficult to do!

43
Q

Why is it so hard to diagnose Brucella?

A

Intracellular bacteria- it hides!

44
Q

Type of diarrhea seen with salmonella?

A

Hemorrhagic diearrhea

45
Q

Hard pad disease?

A

Distemper

46
Q

Tx of Giardia?

A

Fenbendazole

Metronidazole

47
Q

Zoonotic bacteria

A

Campylobacter

Leptospirosis

48
Q

Bee swarms on a fecal are indicative of what bacteria?

A

Campylobacter

49
Q

This bacteria is not a problem unless the animal has had a splenectomy

A

M. hemocanis/felis

50
Q

Mild diarrhea in pups that presents like parvo. Often subclinical

A

Coronavirus

51
Q

What drug eliminates the carrier state for lepto?

A

Doxy

52
Q

Is Crypto zoonotic?

A

Yes

53
Q

Tick for ehrlichia?

A

Rhiphicephalus

54
Q

What ricketssial organism can be confused with parvo based upon the look and smell?

A

Neoricketssia helmintheca (salmon poisoning)

55
Q

Acidophilic bacteria?

A

Helicobacter

56
Q

Pathological diagnosis of vaccine induced canine distemper?

A

Braint stem necrosis

57
Q

Tx of Neosporosis?

A

Clindamycin

Sulfa + pyrimethamine

58
Q

What should you avoid when treating pain associated with Hepatozoonosis?

A

Steroids and immunosuppression - use NSAIDs instead

59
Q

MOA of Botulism?

A

No ACH release and NMJ (from bad meat)

60
Q

What test can detect lyme 2 weeks post exposure?

A

C6 Antibody snap

Doesn’t react with vaccine

+= exposure AND infection (not disease)

61
Q

What is the most common symptom of brucella?

A

Repro problems

62
Q

What dog breeds typically carry Babesia?

A

Pit bulls - B. gibsoni

Greyhounds - B. canis

63
Q

Downside of using serology to diagnose Brucella?

A

Not positive for 2-4w

Can stay positive for 3y post infection

64
Q

If the TAT for Brucella is above this level, the animal has active disease

A

200

65
Q

Treatment for ricketssial organisms?

A

Doxycycline

66
Q

Best way to diagnose Leishmaniasis?

A

PCR

67
Q

What is the infectious bacteria in lyme?

A

Borrelia

68
Q

Clinical signs associated with toxo?

A

Pelvic limb extensor rigidity

Abortions

69
Q

A dog presents with jaundice, hemorrhagic diarrhea and corneal edema, what’s wrong?

A

Hepatitis

70
Q

If IgM is increased in a distemper case, what does that tell you?

A

Recent infection

OR

Vaccinated

71
Q

T/F: Lepto rarely infects cats

A

True

72
Q

When do signs of Lyme appear?

A

2-5m post exposure

73
Q

If you see a dog with renal and hepatic failure, this is a red flag for what bacteria?

A

Lepto

74
Q

A leukocytosis with a left shift is indicative of this bacterial infection?

A

Actinomyces

Nocardia

75
Q

Survivors of this disease with have cerebellar hypoplasia signs

A

Herpes

76
Q

Tests for Helicobacter?

A

PCR

Urease

77
Q

What is the vector for Babesiosis and how long does it need to be attached?

A

Rhipicephalus

Attached for 2-3 days

78
Q

This bacteria causes degeneration of gastric glands and parietal cell necrosis-> gastritis

A

Helicobacter

79
Q

Acid fast bacteria?

A

Nocardia

80
Q

Bacteria that is common in oral cavities and infects other animals through bite wounds?

A

Actinomyces

81
Q

Which Osp or lyme sticks to the tick gut?

A

OspA

82
Q

T/F: Leishmaniasis is reportable

A

True

83
Q

Which has more of a bleeding problem? RMSF or Ehrlichia?

A

Ehrlichia

84
Q

Downside of using RSAT to diagnose Brucella?

A

not specific- false positives

85
Q

What will you see on chem analysis of Hepatozoonosis?

A

Low glucose

Low albumin

High phosphorus

High ALP

86
Q

What test do we use to confirm Lyme? Why?

A

Western Blot

Differentiates vaccine vs. antibodies

Does NOT tell current vs old infection

87
Q

Treatment for Lyme?

A

Doxycycline

88
Q

T/F: Salmonella in a fecal sample is in indicative of that being the cause

A

False- part of normal flora

89
Q

Every lyme + dog should be tested for this….

A

proteinuria

90
Q

If performing a Whole Cell ELISA for lyme what does IgM mean? IgG?

A

IgM- positive w/i first 60-90d

IgG- could just mean old infection! persists for years

91
Q

Tx for Crypto?

A

None

92
Q

Systemic sign of lyme?

A

Nephropathy

93
Q

Type of diarrhea seen with Campylobacter?

A

Large Bowel diarrhea

fresh blood, mucus, water, tenesmus

SAM 1 (4 decks)

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