Final SG

Question 1

motor pathways, hiearchal organization

Answer 1

spinal cord is lowest and gives contact between NS and muscles (reflexes), cortical regions are higest, cortex is higher and brainstem lower

Question 2

motor cortex lateral or not?

Answer 2

lateral

Question 3

cerebellum lateral or not?

Answer 3

not, is ipsilaterally

Question 4

5 nuclei in basal ganglia

Answer 4

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

Question 5

basal ganglia job

Answer 5

selection and initiation of actions

Question 6

primary motor cortex is somatoropic representation

Answer 6

sides divided by importance where larger is more important, homunculus

Question 7

hemiplegia

Answer 7

contralateral, loss of voluntary movememnt on contralateral side of body (opposite side of body affected by brain)

Question 8

spinal cord

Answer 8

works like central pattern generator

Question 9

physiological analysis of motor pathways

Answer 9

motor cortex is correlated with the direction of the target, differnt pathways are dorso dorso which does reaching for objects and ventro dorsal that does transitive, intransative, and apraxia

Question 10

directional tuning

Answer 10

basic principle of motor cortex activities

Question 11

population vector

Answer 11

predict direction of movement before movement is produced, sum of directional vectors

Question 12

SMA

Answer 12

supplemental motor area, alien hand syndrome

Question 13

mirror neurons

Answer 13

activation when observing other’s actions

Question 14

basal ganglia as gatekeeper

Answer 14

important to initiation and selectivity of actions

Question 15

huntington’s disease

Answer 15

hyperkinesia, execessive movement

Question 16

parkinson’s

Answer 16

hypokinesia, loss of dopamine, substabtia nigra, cerelellum

Question 17

learning

Answer 17

get info, memory, single exposure

Question 18

modal model of memory

Answer 18

sensory memory to short term to ong term

Question 19

working memory

Answer 19

limited capacity, central executive system

Question 20

phonological loop

Answer 20

verbal and auditory information

Question 21

hebbian earning

Answer 21

coopoperative whohc is increase stimulated, associativity which is nearby, and specificity which is only stimuated get stronger

Question 22

james lange theory

Answer 22

emotionalr eaction depends on physical reactions

Question 23

appraisal theory

Answer 23

automatic apprasal processes, step by step or unconscious

Question 24

kluver bucy syndrome

Answer 24

lack of fear, amygdala damage

Question 25

low road

Answer 25

thalamus to amygdala, quick

Question 26

amygdala with emotional processing

Answer 26

is critical for it, and hippocamppus

Question 27

somatic marker hypothessis

Answer 27

somatic responses are important for decision that we make

Question 28

insular

Answer 28

important for interoception, also area for disgust

Question 29

aphasia

Answer 29

deficit in language comprehension and production even tho mechanics is okay

Question 30

dysarthria

Answer 30

muscle issue

Question 31

speech appraxia

Answer 31

motor planning issue

Question 32

broca’s aphasia

Answer 32

difficulty with language production, tan’s brain couldn’t speak

Question 33

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 33

language comperhension issue

Question 34

arcurate fasciculus

Answer 34

bundle of axons that connect wernicke and broca

Question 35

conduction aphasia

Answer 35

understand workds but cant fix errors

Question 36

mental lexicon

Answer 36

stored info, semantic, syntactic

Question 37

ERN, error related negativity

Answer 37

compare correct response to error and early error process in ACC

Question 38

DMN

Answer 38

activity increases when not processing external

Question 39

tri network mdel

Answer 39

DMN and CEN swithc up and down, regulated by SN

Question 40

TPJ

Answer 40

self reference with body

Question 41

ASD

Answer 41

hyperconnectivity, DMN abnormalities - greater deactivation have less social impairment

Question 42

superior temporal sulcus

Answer 42

eye gaze, important for inferring mental states