Final SG Flashcards
Tanakh and three (3) components
The Hebrew Bible - the Torah (the Five Books of Moses), Nevi’im (Prophets) and Ketuvim (Writings)
Why is Abraham important to monotheistic religions?
(he is the father of monotheism)
• Ca. 2000 - 1825 ВСЕ
• Land of Ur (in modern day Iraq تل المقير)
• Righteous man, who God sought out to live by God’s commandments
• A just man who contemplated the nature of the physical universe and through observation found his understanding of the one true God
Biblical Judaism
a monotheistic religion that is based on the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, and other ancient texts
Explain the significance of God to Judaism
He is the singular, eternal Creator and the foundation of the Jewish covenant with the people.
Describe the major events in the life of Jesus (pbuh). Know his birth and death dates.
Birth (6-4 BC), baptism, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension (30-33 BC)
What was the core teaching of Jesus (pbuh)? Give examples that show Jesus emphasizing these teachings?
Independence of thought, universal love, rejected vengeance, non-violence, embrace simplicity, and appreciated nature
New Testament
-Matthew/mark/luke/John-writers of the text
• Gospels - four accounts of the life of Jesus
• Acts of the Apostles - early Christian history
• Epistles - letters by Paul (Saul) and others
• Revelation - symbolic prophecy
(end days /judgement days)
What are the significant events in how Christianity began?
- Life of Jesus: Jesus is born, teaches, is crucified, and resurrected.
- Early Church: Apostles, especially Paul, spread Christianity.
- Scriptures: New Testament writings are formed.
- Persecution: Christians face Roman opposition (Constantine the Great - 313A.D. Edict of Milan)
What is a mitzvah?
a good deed or an act of kindness performed as a religious duty in Judaism (Commandments of God, 613 of them)
Five Pillars of Islam and give a brief explanation of each.
- Shahada: Declaration of faith—”There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger.”
- Salat: Praying five times a day.
- Zakat: Giving charity, typically 2.5% of wealth, to the poor.
- Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan from dawn to sunset.
- Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca, required once in a lifetime if able.
Describe the Kaaba: its structure, its origin, and its significance for Islam.
It is a cube-shaped building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, considered the most sacred site in Islam. It was originally built by Prophet Ibrahim and his son Isma’il and later rebuilt in the 7th century.
-It is the Qibla (direction for prayer).
-Central to the Hajj pilgrimage.
-Symbolizes unity among Muslims and is known as the House of God.
Describe the major events in the life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Know his birth and death dates.
Muhammad, born in Mecca in 570 CE, received the first revelation from Gabriel at age 40 (610 CE). He faced opposition for preaching monotheism and migrated to Medina (Hijra), where he established the first Muslim community. He led battles against the Quraysh, established the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and conquered Mecca cleanses the Kaaba. He says final sermon on equality and justice, and died in Medina (632 CE) - Abu Bakr now is the 1st caliph.
Describe the Articles of Faith of Islam. Explain each one of them.
Belief in
-Allah
-the Angels
-the Divine Books (Revelations like the Quran, Torah, and Gospel)
-Prophets (nibium)/(Messengers sent by Allah, with Muhammad as the final prophet)
-Day of Judgment
-HIS Power/Predestination
Describe the Islamic doctrine of Allah. What is the Islamic view of artistic depictions of Allah?
-Tawhid: Allah is the one, unique God, with no partners.
-Attributes: Allah is all-powerful, all-knowing, merciful, and beyond human understanding.
-No Depictions (idol worship)
-Forbidden/calligraphy: Artistic depictions of Allah are prohibited to maintain His oneness and prevent idolatry.
Describe the significance of Mecca in the history of Islam. Describe the significance of Medina in the history of Islam.
Kabaa built Mecca (Becca), Zam Zam water (Angel Gabriel), Hagar and Ismail Abraham traveling back-and-forth, God heard Ismail‘s cries Hajj make a trip means to do so pray 5 times a day toward Kabaa/Mecca
Give the Islamic view of Abraham: his role as a prophet, the sacrifice of his son, and his overall significance for Islam.
He is a key prophet known for his faith in Allah. He was ready to sacrifice his son (Ismail), but Allah provided a ram. This is remembered at Eid al-Adha. He is a model of faith and obedience, an ancestor of Prophet Muhammad, and helped rebuild the Kaaba.
Covenant
Promise or contract
Islamic doctrines of the origin of human beings
-Adam was the first human created by Allah from clay.
-Eve (Hawwa) was created as Adam’s partner.
-Humans are created to worship Allah and act as caretakers of Earth.
-Adam and Eve’s fall from Paradise was a test, and they repented and were forgiven.
-No concept of original sin in Islam.
Islamic doctrines of the essential nature of human beings
-Humans are created with dignity and an innate nature (Fitrah) to recognize and worship Allah.
-They have free will and are accountable for their actions.
-The purpose of life is to worship Allah and act as His vicegerents on Earth.
-Humans have both a soul and a body, and are equal in the eyes of Allah.
Islamic doctrines of the means of salvation of human beings, and divine judgment and eternal life of human beings
-Salvation: Through faith, good deeds, and repentance.
-Judgment: On the Day of Judgment, deeds are weighed by Allah.
-Eternal Life: The righteous go to Paradise; the sinful may go to Hell, but Allah’s mercy can forgive.
