Buddhism

Question 1

5 Aggregates (Skandhas)

Answer 1

Form (physical part), Feeling, Perception, Volition, Consciousness (Awareness)

Question 2

Aggregates

Answer 2

are seen as forces (which are never permanent) and as long as these forces are held together then a distinct and separate being ‘exists’. No atman - Anatman (Annata)

Question 3

Forces ➡️

Answer 3

Karma ➡️ Law of Action

Question 4

Four Noble Truths [4NT] (doctrine)

Answer 4

[1 NT: the sickness (problem), 2 NT: the cause (diagnosis), 3 NT: the analysis (prognosis), 4 NT: the prescription]

Question 5

1st Noble Truth

Answer 5

(Life has suffering. Life has dissatisfaction)
Birth is suffering, decay is suffering, illness is suffering, death is suffering, the presence of objects we hate or fear is suffering, the separation from objects or people we love is suffering, not obtaining what we desire is suffering (dissatisfying).

Question 6

2nd Noble Truth

Answer 6

(Suffer is caused by desires (out of control))
It is craving that leads back to birth; craving leads to attachment

Question 7

3rd Noble Truth

Answer 7

(Stop desiring (overcome it, control it))
⬇️ craving implies ⬇️ suffering means ⬆️ ability to gain liberation (Moksha)

Question 8

4th Noble Truth

Answer 8

(8-Fold Path to Enlightenment (vitamins)) 8 - fold path of enlightenment (practice)

Question 9

8 - fold path of enlightenment

Answer 9

1. Dharma (teaching of Buddha), 3 Marks of Reality, 4 NT, ….
2. Freeing mind of sensual desires, greed, malice - have thoughts of nonviolence, renunciation, and compassion → universal good will
3. Refrain from lying, gossiping, cursing, harsh words, vulgar / prejudicial talk, useless chatter
4. Refrain from killing, stealing, illicit sexual behavior, intoxication, gambling)
5. Occupations should not promote killing, commerce / service for hire, trickery / deception
6. Work at overcoming the unwholesome and sustaining levels of wholesome (effort = energy)
7. Be aware of what is going on; mindfulness of body, feeling, mind, and sensation
8. Attain correct view of reality and gain insights (prajnas) and reach peaceful state of mind (jhanas)

Question 10

Three (3) Poisons

Answer 10

That hinder your ability to see reality and affect your mental processing:
1) Craving
2) Aversion
3) Ignorance

Question 11

Unity of Oneness for meditation

Answer 11

Dharma, Karma, Samsara, Ahimsa

Question 12

Central human problem in Buddhism

Answer 12

-Suffering is universal
-Solution: reduce suffering, end illusion (maya) break Samsara reduce bad karma, and achieve nirvana

Question 13

Nirvana

Answer 13

The state in which all suffering has ended (everlasting state of great joy, peace)

Question 14

Acceptance of 3 jewels/gems

Answer 14

Buddha; (taught) ➡️ Dharma (includes four noble truths); Sangha

Question 15

Acceptance of three marks/characteristics of reality (opposite of Maya)

Answer 15

Anicca; Anatman; Dukkha

Question 16

Ahisma

Answer 16

Non-violence/no harm (don’t hurt spiders because they’re scary) every living thing deserves to live

Question 17

Karuna

Answer 17

Love and passion for all things (kompassion)

Question 18

Scriptures

Answer 18

Tripitaka or Tipitaka (three groupings of writings)

Question 19

Buddha

Answer 19

Example, role model, we should emulate, “ideal human being,” embodiment of self control, and mindfulness

Question 20

Dharma

Answer 20

Sum total of Buddha teachings on how to view the world, how to live properly, cosmic moral laws

Question 21

Sangha

Answer 21

Monastic life(monk/nun life); community of monks and nuns

Question 22

Anicca (Anichcha)

Answer 22

“Change” or “impermanence”

Question 23

Anatman (Annata)

Answer 23

No permanent identity, there is no self, no Atman (eternal soul not static)

Question 24

Duhhka

Answer 24

Suffering is universal (everyone experiences it)

Question 25

Siddhartha Gautama (founder)

Answer 25

563-483 BCE (born into Kshatriya caste)

Question 26

4 Passing Sights

Answer 26

1. Very old man
2. Sickly man
3. Death
4. Monk/enlightment

Question 27

Years of Great Renunciation

Answer 27

1st 2 years: Studied w/ 2 Brahmin priests.
- Focused on Jnana Yoga → Knowledge in the mind
• Next 2 years: Lived w/ 5 Ascetic Monks
- Break down body to free mind → self denial
Last 2 years: Middle Way
- balance mind + body -
harmonize efforts

Question 28

Kleshas

Answer 28

Poisons or hindrances

Question 29

Prajna

Answer 29

Deep spiritual insight cosmic wisdom/knowledge

Question 30

The Causes of Suffering/Dissatisfaction

Answer 30

–Disharmony
>Between material objects + oneself
>Between others + oneself
>Between one’s body + oneself
>Between one’s mind + oneself
>Between desire + oneself
>Between Nature + oneself

Question 31

C

Answer 31

Right concentration

Question 32

U

Answer 32

Right understanding

Question 33

T

Answer 33

Right thought/Intentions

Question 34

S

Answer 34

Right speech (no profanity/lying)

Question 35

A

Answer 35

Right actions (accidents happen)

Question 36

L

Answer 36

Right livelihood (job/occupation)

Question 37

E

Answer 37

Right effort

Question 38

M

Answer 38

Right mindfulness

Question 39

Tripitaka

Answer 39

Means 3 baskets; how writing were divided (according to subject matter)

Question 40

Vinaya Pitaka

Answer 40

Discipline/disciple (how do you serve society)

Question 41

Sutta Pitaka

Answer 41

Buddha’s teachings/savings (connecting ideas)

Question 42

Abhidhamma Pitaka

Answer 42

Interpretation of Sutta Pitaka

Question 43

Develop

Answer 43

Moral character/living disciplined, participation, meditation, Prajna, Nirvana