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final set of lectures Flashcards

1
Q

primary or secondary:

decreased cellular activity (hypo) -OR- increased cellular activity (hyper) of the endocrine gland

A

primary

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2
Q

primary or secondary:

– a lesion of another organ leads to decreased (hypo) or increased (hyper) cellular activity of the endocrine gland

A

secondary

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3
Q 
patient presents with
•bilareral apolecia 
• Polyphagia
• PU/PD
• Pot belly
• Stinks
A

producing too much cortisol – hyperadrenocorticism

cushings patient

MDx: adenocortical carcinoma

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4
Q

canine cushings liver histo will look like

A

Vacuolar hepatocellular degeneration

Consistent with “steroid hepatopathy” of hyperadrenocorticism

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5
Q

most adrenal tumors arise from this zone

A

fasciculata

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6
Q

primary hyperadrenocorticism is often due to what

A

adrenal tumor

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7
Q

secondary hyperadrenocorticism is often due to what

A

Adrenal cortical hyperplasia (due to ACTH
secreting pituitary adenoma)

arise from the pars distalis
most all are productive

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8
Q

real name for equine cushings

A

Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID)

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9
Q

T/F

PPID is a productive pituitary adenoma

A

FALSE - non productive

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10
Q

clinical signs of PPID

A 
Clinical signs
– Hirsuitism (failure to shed)
– PU/PD
– Polyphagia
– Hyperhidrosis
– Insulin resistance
– Abnormal fat deposition
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11
Q

Due to adrenocortical atrophy

A

addisons

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12
Q

primary hypoadrenocorticism patients are deficient in ____ and ____

A

aldosterone and cortisol

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13
Q

cat adrenocortical neoplasm that produces signs due to hyperaldosteronism

A

Conns syndrome

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14
Q

Ferret adrenal neoplasm produces what hormone

A

estrogen – cortisol will be normal

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15
Q

Things that decrease T4

A
  • Iodine deficient diet
  • Goiterogenic substances -
  • Congenital dyshormonogenic goiter
  • Excess dietary iodide
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16
Q

2 causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

renal and nutritional

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17
Q

Fibrous osteodystrophy associated with what endocrine disorder

A

hyperparathyroidism – – PTH stimulates increased
resorption of bone

Chronic PTH also stimulates bone marrow stromal cells to
differentiate into fibroblasts

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18
Q

insulinoma are also called

A

Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors

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19
Q

T/F

most insulinomas are benign

A

false – malignant

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20
Q

what do insulinomas lead to

A

HYPOglycemia – seizures and death

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21
Q

clinical syndrome of hypoinsulinism

A

diabetes mellitus

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22
Q

T/F

all species can get cataracts associated with diabetes mellitus

A

FALSE – dogs only

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23
Q

low insulin = _____ glucose

A

high

24
Q

Failureofdevelopmentof oneorbothkidneys

A

renal aplasia

25
Q

quantitativedefect causedbyreduced massofmetanephric blastema.

A

renal hypoplasia

affected kidney will be smaller in size

26
Q

Conditioncharacterized byareducednumberof

histologicallynormal lobulesandcalyces of a kidney

A

renal hypoplasia

27
Q

anabnormal andasynchronous differentiation(disorganizeddevelopment)ofrenaltissues

A

renal dysplasia

28
Q

cause of renal dysplasia in suffolk sheep

A

Autosomal dominant

29
Q

list 3 congenital infections that can cause renal dysplasia

A

FelinePanleukopenia,
Canineherpesvirus,
Bovinevirusdiarrhea

30
Q

causes of renal dysplasia in pigs

A

Hypovitaminosis A
or
Intrauterineureteral obstruction

31
Q

T/F

renal cysts are often just an incidental finding

A

TRUE

32
Q

Normalkidneys inabnormallocations

A

ectopic kidney – often unilateral

33
Q

ectopic kidneys are predisposing factors for…

A

ureterobstructionanddevelopmentofhydronephrosis

34
Q

Darkredtoblackkidneys is what pigmentary change

A

hemoglobin

35
Q

what kidney pigmentary disturbance is a consequenceofsevereintravascularhemolysis
andhemoglobinuria

A

hemoglobin

36
Q

what are some examples that will cause hemoglobin pigmentary change in kidneys

A
  • Leptospirosis
  • Bacillaryhemoglobinuria
  • Babesiosis
  • Chroniccopperpoisoning*****
37
Q

darkredtoblackkidneysanddark redurine

A

myoglobin

38
Q

occurswhenhighlevelsofmyoglobin

arefilteredintotubules

A

myoglobinuria

39
Q

2 examples that cause myoglobinuria

A

Rhabdomyolysis incapturemyopathy inwildanimals

Equineparalytic myoglobinuria

40
Q

dark brown to black kidneys – incidental finding in old cattle

A

lipofucsinosis

41
Q

what pigment will turn kidneys yellow-green

A

bile

**will see icterus/jaundice and choluria

42
Q

commonasaresultofprolongedprostrationandcirculatoryfailure

A

hypostatic congestion

43
Q

commonlyseeninkidneysasaresultofvasculitis orvascularnecrosis

A

hemorrhages

44
Q

causes of renal petechia

A

Extensivevascularinjuryorplateletconsumptionleadingtodisseminated
intravascularcoagulation(DIC).

Acquiredorcongenitalclottingdefects(Sweetclover‐ coumarin poisoning,vitaminKdeficiency,HemophiliaAandB

viremia – hog cholera / canine herpes

oaktoxicity

bacteremia – erysipelas, strep, salmonella

45
Q

Glomerular _____ isaprotein‐losing

nephropathy

A

amyloidosis

46
Q

primary amyloidosis

A

very rare

duetodepositionofamyloidAL,derivedfromIg light
chainsproducedbyabnormalplasmacells

47
Q

secondary amyloidosis

A

depositionofamyloid AAthatoriginatesfromserumα‐

globulin

48
Q

how to stain amyloid

A

congo red

49
Q

where is amyloid deposited in cats and cattle

A

medullary interstitium

50
Q

papillary necrosis in horses

A

NSAIDS

51
Q

differentials for diffusely pale kidneys

A
  • Amyloidosis
  • AcuteNephrosis
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Lymphosarcoma
52
Q

characterizedbyswellingofthetubular
epithelium and cytoplasmmaybe
vacuolatedandthenucleusmaybepyknotic

A

acute tubular nephrosis

53
Q

list 2 nephrotoxic plants

A

Pigweed(Amaranthus retroflexus)

Oaks(Quercus sp.).

54
Q

what is another name for embolic nephritis

A

suppurative glomerulitis

55
Q

what causes embolic nephritis

A

bacteremia – seen in glomerular and interstitial capillaries

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