Final second half shit Flashcards

1
Q

what is exercise

A

Any and all activity involving generation of force by activated mysckles that results in disruption of homeostasis

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2
Q

What is the main goal od the cardiorespiratory part of this exam

A

the rate limiting factors that influence ATP and the actin myosin crosbridges for exercise purposes

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3
Q

Bioenergetics

A

Essentially just ATP syntheiszation and how we get energy to create movemnt

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4
Q

Enzymes

A

The things that make reactions happen 1st rate limiter they catalyze reactions and usually end in Ase
catabolism - enzyme attaches to molecules and the molecule splits ATP-ADP
Synthesis - molecules combine ADP plus p - ATP

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5
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

Anaerobic system PCR creatine phosphate donates its phosphate ion to ADP to create ATP major limitation is creatine kinase presense of it in the system catalyzes ATP to ADP after it donates to turn into energy and is an enzyme
Other limitations are like the amount of creating phosphate total creatine
In the graph initially you have max ATp then start maximal anaerobic work initially goes down then PCr starts odnating to ADP make more ATp then gradual curve down as creatine kinase breaks down that ATP to tunr into ADP and energy and as PCr or creatine runs out in the system

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6
Q

Glycolysis

A

1 glucose to 2 pyruvate ATP NADH and hydorgen ions glucose you get 2 glycogen you get 3 and has a slower resynthesis of ATP
limitations is the availiboility of glucose and glycogen and the amount of phosphofructokinase the amount of lactate dehyrogenase acid production

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7
Q

pyruvate to lactae anaerobically

A

Lactate - lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes reaction between pyruvate and NADH and produces lactate NAD and H so glycolysis to lactate produces 4 hydrogen uons total
NAD resyntheis - required for glycolysis resynthesied from NADH pyruvate to lactate pyruvate to oxidative phosphoylation
limitation is amount of lactate dehydrogenase and acid production which can both be incresed with training

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8
Q

Hydrogen ions (acid)

A

Inhibit muscle contraction
Removal via bicarbonate biffering and transport to blood elim as co2 via respiration more training means more bicarbonate in muscle which will help remove those hydrogen ions another thing is that there is supplementation of bicarbonate which used to be popular but if you have too much there is a thin threshold of it and go over than diarrea occurs

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9
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic system)

A

Mitochondiria two step processs to synthesise ATP krebs cycles and the electon transport chain

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10
Q

Krebs cycle

A

Acetyl coa is converted to ATP NADh and FADH 2 which enter the electorn transport chain Acetyl coa glucose to pyruvate amino acid to pyruvate fatty acids
limitations of this is the number of mitochondria and the citrate synthase and the succinate dehydrogensae

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11
Q

Electron transport chain

A

H removed from NADH and FADH to then resynthesise NAD and FAD 4 hydorgen ions combine to make water limitations of it is the number of mitochondria and the oxygen availibility peripeheral AVo2

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12
Q

Contributions to non steady state

A

longer duration the less ATp pcr has an impact also know the glycolytic system stays relatively the same no matter the duration

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13
Q

Relation to needs analysis

A

Anaeorbic power - limited by creatine phosphate and glycolysis
Anerobic threshold - limited by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
aerobic power - limited by oxidative phosphorylation

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14
Q

Adaptations to exercise

A

SAID prinicple adaptation are specific to the bioenergetic system which must be stressed to ellicit adaptation there are motor unit specific peripeheral like the creatin phosphate and enzyme concentrations there are muscle speciifc peripheral like th enumber of mito and oxygen extraction and not specific to muscles used lie centeral oxygen delivery

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15
Q

Oxygen delivery and utilization

A

Fick equasion for vo2 cardiac output centeral factors storke vol to left ventricle chamber size and the AVo2 difference the peripheral factor extraction and utilization of oxygen

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16
Q

Oxygen extraction

A

incresed myoglobin concentration like o2 transferred from hemoglobin blood to myoglobinn muscle
incresed capillzarixzation more sites for o2 transfer between hemoglogin and myogobin
Avo2 differnce which can change based ipon how much you have trained at rest uou migh have artirial of 20 and a venos of 5 in untrianed so a 75 percent transfer whereas after training for 2 months you have artial of 20 and venous of 3 so a 85 percent transferknow that at rest its 20-17 artial to venus so just know these numbers go up during exercise

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17
Q

Heart rate (normative values)

A

KNow that healthy active adults shoul dat rest be around 50-75 and max around 180 220-age

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18
Q

Stroke volume

A

Know that active healthy adults should be at 50-75 ml/beat at rest and max should be at 150ml/beat but the gap between pre and post training gets larger as training age gets higher

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19
Q

Cardiac output

A

Hr times SV trained can go up at higher intensities but stay relatively the same until those higher intensities

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20
Q

End Diastolic volume

A

ow much blood is in the ventricle after filling
what Aerobic exercise does to it - increse in cavity size or increse in myocardial compliance frank strline law which is essentially just increse in stretch which also means an increse in contraction strength and amount of blood that can fill also think of stretch storening cycle and this relates as it states eccentric contraction betfore a concentric contraction increses the strength
Limitations of it tho is that the ventricle wall size as that should not get higher and also the thorasic cavity size

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21
Q

Training volume and vo2 max

A

Increse in training volume is needed to increse vo2 max but there is diminishing returns to it cant just keep increseing volume as it leads to injury but there are other things to help like incresing anaerobic thresholds

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22
Q

Respiration

A

Minute ventilation is tidal volume times breathing rate which goes don in less than 8 weeks of trainng (signifying better respiration as work gets “easier and you adpapt to it )
during maximum aerobic exercise min ventilation is 60-85% maximum capacity blood oxygenation is not limited by respiration

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23
Q

Does respiration affect oxygen consumption

A

Ventilatory cost of exercise is the amount of oxyegn consumed by respiratory muscles which take up about 9 percent of vo2 at vo2 max
the range of this is between 5-18 percent so aournd 10
Muscles of inspiration are the diaphram as 1 the external intercostals and the third is the pec minor serratus ant and the scalenes as you increse in intensity the last two start doing more work and there is les sinfluence from the diaphram

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24
Q

Cardiorespiratory traning intensity

A

Vo2max is the omst effective and precise way to prescibe traning intensity but is is very expensive and difficult because you have to always know what the vo2 max is
HEart rate max is the least effective and worst possible measure as you have to estimate heart rate first it is also very variable some people have an early spike some have it later easy not not effective but it is practical
The best ways to prescibe is speed or power like waats most practical very eady like what speed what power output what km hr providing absolute and relative values like pace its cheap simple and correct measure

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25
Q

Cardiovascular training zones

A

These zones will always end in odd numbers beacuase the median zone is always the same and is the point at which you break the anaerbic threshold at the end of zone 3 in a 5 zone chart
Zones 1-2 are low intensity zones easier than median and well below the anaerobic trheshold also called base training
zones 4-5 are well above the anaerobic threshold usualyy only trained with interval training as not very sustainable but that being said there are other methods is like a 3 zone or 9 zone or a 7 zone but for all of them the median zone is always going to be the exact same

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26
Q

Steady state training approaches

A

There are a lot of different trainng approaches from high volume to threshold to interval bjt the best one by far is the polarized apprach wher you spend as llittle time as possible at race pace just so that they are aware of the pace they have to run at

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27
Q

Polarized traning

A

Spend 60-70 percent of traning in zones 1-2 spend 0-10 at zone 3 and spend 15-30 at zones 4-5
rationale behind this is that zone 3 is the most strenuous zones as it requires work of every single ofne of the systems so it takes the longest to recovery from and excesive trainign in this zone results in maladaptations
it is also very difficult to recovery from as you need to take days off to recover which measn less overall traingin time time off is bad

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28
Q

Modalities (zones)

A

Zone 1 and 2 are general or specific prep with an emphasis on central adaptations like heart rate and teh circulation of blood ie cross country skier the skiing is specific but running and cycling are general or a runner where running is specific but cycling is general
Zone 3-4-5 specific only but have centeral and peripheral adaptations where specified muscles must be trained peripheral adaptations trying to get the muscle to be better at extracting and utilizing oxygen avo2 non steady state sports training in higher zones

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29
Q

Non steady state training

A

Centeral adaptations zone 1 and 2 may be more effective for high volume where 4 and 5 are more sifficient to ellicit adaptation
peripheral adaptations where zones 1 or 2 are effective for begginers and 4 or 5 are more effective for expeirenced
weork rest interval training based on work to rest ratio from time motion analysis

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30
Q

Sport practise as cardiovascular training

A

for most sports practise, or modified practise is most effective for cardiovascular traning and the most effectve way to take care of the specificity demand (SAID)
peripherl adaptations are specific to muscle groups
running cycling rowing may not use all the muscles desired ie mixed martials arts like sparring and soccer like small sided games

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31
Q

EPOC

A

exercise post exercise oxygen consumption
occurs for steady or non steady state any pA recovery processes have to go through it
incresed energy expenditure for 24-48 hours after exercise where you recover quicker EPOC is greater when intensity increses with the same volume it is also greater with incresed frequency ie 2 for 15 mins vs 1 more 30

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32
Q

Energy cost of recovery

A

Fast recovery - atp synthesis and PCR get about 99 percent within an hour
Slow recovery - lactate metabolism from cori cycle lactate to pyruvate to glucose resynthesized
metabolised in heart liver kidney
muscle recovery na k ATPase pump and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca pump
other physiological processes which all require ATP

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33
Q

ATP and PCr synthesis

A

Single exhaustive exercise ATP will go down about 30 percent while PCr will go down 6 percent recovery is 80 percent in one minute and 100 percent in 4 min
Multiple sets exhaustive exercise
- rapid recovery in 3-10 mins
- almost full recovery in 60 mins

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34
Q

Cori Cycle

A

Lactae in blood passes through liver
when blood glucose is low lactate enters the cori cycle
Gluconeogenesis is lactate to pyruvate to glucose
it is a futile cycle kind of like reverse glycolysis where you start and end with the same molecule of glucose buty there is a net loss of ATP
Glycolysis synthesis 2 ATp gluconeogenesis used 6 ATP so a net loss of 4 ATP
If you were to delay carb intake after exercise it would activate the cori cycle for endurance however you dont want to delay it as we want to recovery quicker

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35
Q

Increased training frequency

A

Increse frequency gradually and increse 1 at a tiime so you know what caused the adaptation increse frequency same volume example 1 of volume for 3 days a week divided over 4 days a week ie twice a day same volume as once a day
way of polarizing training

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36
Q

What is the role of the training 4 things

A

Develop program instruct techniques supervise session minitor progress

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37
Q

Effetcs of supervision

A

Essenially just saying there is way nmore benefits and strength increses while supervised ve unsupervised they both gained strength but more was shown in the supervision bracketst
this goes for everything tho supervision post surgery in term of physio was better results compared to unsupervised

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38
Q

why is supervision important

A

proper extersice tecnique better gains
adhereance to actually attending the fitness sessions meaning fewer missed training sessions meaning fewer missed training sessions
incresed effort - train at appropraye intensity they will try harder

39
Q

DOMS

A
  • soreness within 24-48 hrs following exercise
    happens frequently with unaccoostomed exervcise or exercise you aren ot accustomeed to
    mostly with eccentric muscle actions - lengtheng and occurs with concentric too but lengthing mostly so think like resiteance exercise downhill running
    alpine skiing
40
Q

Muscle fiber disruptions

A

Fibers get seoarated from z line causing muscle damage usually due to eccentric contraction but also concentric

41
Q

muscle soreness does not mean muscle damage!

A

concentric actions can lead to muscle damage but are rarely associated with DOMS
trained individuals have same decrese in performance but less soreness the repeat bout effect - so why after doing it multiple times does DOMS go away no soreness occuring tells us that maybe its not caused by damage to muscle
warm up also has a decresed effect on DOMS but does not eliminate the decrese in performance so the soreness does go down so if done a proper warm up before hand
performance returns to baseline prior to elimination of DOMS

42
Q

What causes DOMS

A

Unknown
there are theories that its due to disruptions of connective tissues like the endo peri and epi mysiums
also, another one where the CA k cytokines inflammatory cells leak out of the muscle or also the irritations of nociceptors, which are pain receptors that leak out of the muscle and are sent to the brain as muscle soreness
the main thing is that muscle disruption does not cause it

43
Q

what is muscle damage

A
  • it is the disruption of the z line -
    you as the physician need to be able to say are they talking about muscle fiber disruption membrane disruption musculotenionous disruption evulsion fracture which are all things people say they have damaged but they need to be able to be distinguished
    protein degradation
    extreme protein degradation can lead to rhabdomyolysis
    rehabdomyolysis is the breakdown of muscle leading to protein excretion to blood and may cause renal failue a common indicator of it is brown uring and it occurs commonly after super intense long duration exercise and does not fall into the 24-48 hrs post exercise, another reason why muscle damage does not equal doms
44
Q

Minimizing DOMS

A

Repeated bout effect where trained individuals are less susceptible to DOMS some peple exerpience DOMS as striaght pain
progression of training vol and intensity where low vol moderate intensity to increased vol and intensity
paying attention to eccentric actions
level running to downhill running
teaching progressions

45
Q

Exercise teaching progressions

A

Develop basic - specific motor skills
facilitate key elements of motor skills
emphasize basic motor skills incorrectly learned
address physcial fitness limitations flexibility weak muscles poor muscular endurance
For example, things like swimming need full internal shoulder rotation, but things that could limit it is your external rotators as they need tough be flexible eno to allow that full internal rotation

46
Q

Back squats

A

Need ankle flexibility hip flexibility quad and glute max strength as well as trink strength and stability
dangers are like spine compression loading spine flexion or hyperextension
excessive hip and knee rotation

47
Q

Squat progression

A

Flexibility to plate squat to overhead squat to front squat to back squat

48
Q

when are teaching progressions required

A

Resistance exercise like squat variations press variations pull up variations
running
agility like changes in direction decelerations

49
Q

Arguments against teaching progressions

A

exercises tae too long to teach use simpler exercises
flexibility is not important
flexibility takes too long to develop

50
Q

Ex Ankle dorsiflexions

A

poor dorsiflexion like from achillies stress fracture akle injuries etc
the main poitn of this is you need to identify what the exercise is and what is it affecting strength or flexibility

51
Q

Ex Spine hyperextension

A

many exercise promote spine hyperextension - overuse or erector spinae and hip flexors
resistence exercises like squat deadlift and the overhead press
running particularly sprinting
rowing
swimmingh

52
Q

EX hip flexor flexibility

A

many hip flexors like Sagittarius adductor illiacus psoas rec fem

53
Q

Consequence of hyperextension

A

nerve root compression with the spine can lead to spondylolysis, which is just a farce and thesis, which is a complete tear

54
Q

Training is a long term process

A

objectives can be met in short time frames and require many months for adaptations and training in general should start with fundamental components

55
Q

Exercise prescription - warm. up goals and purposes (9)

A

Main goal is to elevate body temp and prepare body for more intense work
Good warm ups
slowly increse blood flow to skeletal and cardiac muscle
lessen risk of abnormal cardiac rhythm
improve o2 unloading from hemoglobin to myoglobin Bohr effect
increse speed of metabolic reactions
increse o2 consumption above resting
increse nerve conduction velocity and enhanced neural activation above basal levels
increse body temp
decrese joint stiffness and viscoisty
feelings of well-being, mental preparedness, and cognitive function `

56
Q

How does warm up beenfit you

A

staging or priming of the body provides opportunity to up regulate incrementally as body is normally at homeostasis
may enhance performance or ability to complete bout of exercise
won’t reduce injury (no evidence)

57
Q

2 key elements of a warm up

A

Elevate ventilation of o2 and elevate muscle temp while minimizing fatigue (effective warm-up is not fatiguing)

58
Q

Physiological responses to warm up body temp

A

main goal is to warm up body temp not any other things so 5-10-30 mins but you risk fatiuge the longer you go

59
Q

What is the bohr effect

A

Hemoglobins o2 binding affinity is inversely related to acidity in the muscle and co2 so an increse in co2 or a decrese in blood ph means a lower affinity of hemoglobin
essentially, when skeletal muscle is active, it produces acidity or h ions decrease pH, which means that hemoglobin will let more o2 go, improving delivery as more activity occurs, more CO2 begins to be created, which lowers pH more and decreases o2 hemoglobin affinity further

60
Q

exercise prescription : warm up passive or active

A

most Pa exercise programs incolve an active warm up which induce greater metabolic changes than passive thus providing better performance because they activate the entire body
passive warm ups can still have beneficial effects like sauna hot showers immersion heat applicants and its good in rehab settings aswell, passive warm ups are also useful to maintain an active warm up
also, it is not practical for most athletes, but it allows one to test the hypothesis that many of the performance changes with active warms ups can be attributed to temp-related mechanisms

61
Q

general vs specific warm ups

A

general precede specific which are individuals to the needs of the individual

62
Q

Types of warm ups

A

General - low intensity non specific
specific - specific to muscle group energy system type of exercise you are performanigng second transition in intensity
pap phase if required ot necessary

63
Q

General warm up

A

5-20 mins about hald of vo2 warm up related to intensity of main bout
less intense than main bout
increse intensity for fittier individual
engage large muscle mass and rhythmic
any warm up is better than none but even with a small break dont cool down
common issues are too intense or not enough recovery time before the bout

64
Q

PAP

A

some consider it to be part of main bout while others consider it to be part of warm up
regardless leads to improved work in most cases
increses in speed jump power and muscle power
more likely to be beneficial to high strength trained individuals
for low vol CC first windown is 1-3 mins and high volume CC 15-25 mins after CC where you see benefits

65
Q

Stretching as part of the warm up

A

Dynamic vs static
no static stretching as part of the general or specific warm-up
prolonged static stretching can actually decrease jump power agility or speed and can last anywhere between 15mins-2hrs
static stretch affects teh musculotendinous compliance
key elements - light static stretch with few reps little negative affect
active warm up with light stretch is a good combo
only in athletes with extreme ROM needs does intense static stretch be requires however never on the day of the performance
the beneficial effects of static no matter how mych you do disipate very quickly

66
Q

Cool down

A

Gradual decrese of intensity over a 5-20 min period can be general or specific
duration related to level of fitness low level of fitness longer duration
in low fit individuals remember that cool downs reduce the risk of cardiac complications independent of venus pooling
prevents venus pooling allowing arteries to reset to smaller circumference and maintain preload to reduce fainting or diziiness
often allows heat dissipation and feeling of improved recovery
often should be combined with stretching while the muscles are still warm and relatively flexible

67
Q

Phychobiological measures of training intensity (RPE)

A

measures of traning intensity can generally be categorized as either psychobiological or physiological a psychobiological measure refers to ones which relates to emotional or psychologcal factors related to physiologu
a valid reliable and commonly used psychobiological measure to training intensity is the RPE which borg in his original paper states is the single best indicator of the degree of physical strian
a strength of RPE is the ability to integrate the physiological responses occuring at the level of the muscle cardiovascular and respiratory systems during exercise into a single global measure

68
Q

Acute programming variables

A

quality - is like what the exercise is affecting what system it is training etc
quantity - just how much time and effort you do
Choice of exercise (mode) quality)
Order of exercise (quality)
Volume (sets times reps or a total time) - quantity
Intensity - the most important aspect of the variables as training age goes up becomes even more important (quantity)
Rest - between sets and between exercises and work bouts both quant and qual
As training age increases quality is more important than quantity especially to elicit adaptations

69
Q

What determines exercise selection nowadays (and what is the more useful one and the only one that should be used)

A

popular/trendy - just because its popular does not mean good
Utilized by coaches and athletes or dumbass tiktok people - DONT LISTEN
athlete themselves enjoy doing it dont listen to them either becuase if they enjoy doing it it likely means that they already know how to do the movement and are good at it there is a reason they choose it and its because they are not good at the other more benficial movemnts
Achives traing goals idenitified in needs analysis - the only valid ones of these to choose an exercise
need vs want to do

70
Q

Exercise selection matters - Squat example

A

the study was made with four groups deep front deep back quarter and control
in terms of strength - the deep squats obvously perfromed as expected and the control group did not change over the course fo teh study, the interesting part of this was that the qurater squat group actually decresed in performance
in the vertical jump the same thing occured
take away - need to choose the right exercise that increses performance and not choose ones that are easiest or ones they like doing

71
Q

Other examples

A

swimming - push off the wall - just be aware of the kinematics and muscle used in the general exercises to build that strength and then the more specific ones that relate more to the actual movement like cleans or jerks
jump landing - know kinematics muscles used for general exercise vs specific exercise

72
Q

What are centeral fatcors

A

factors affecting like oxygen delivery

73
Q

what are peripheral factors

A

more specifically like certain muscles used atp pc number of mito

74
Q

Classifying exercises Core vs Assistance

A

Core - most important - high training efficiency , multiple muscles target movement patterns
Assistance - supplementary to core on top of core to fufil whatever remains in needs analysis - usually target specific muscles sometimes multiple , low training efficincy isolates muscles like a wrist injury
multiple joint training is better

75
Q

Core vs assistance transfer of training

A

Doing squats only vs doing knee extension and ahip adduction (cnsidered assistance exercises) shows that core exercises work better and are more beneficial but we need to be carefule

76
Q

Limitations of core exercisiing

A

Compensation strategy - states that the body changes the way you perform the exercise based on weaknesses you have, i.e. using the back instead of legs to lift, and it occurs unknowingly
if you have strong quads you use legs more when lifting if they are weak you would use your back more
Example ACL injury squat - used to be heavily dependent on squats for rehab for ACL injries but we have to be careful because of compensation stretegy you may not be using as much of your knee as you think so core exercise may not be as good here , one limb may try to perform it differently so teh unijured grows but the injured does not
Just need to think what is appropruate or not between core vs assistance depends on the situation
Results of the ACL rehab - one group doing only core one doing core plus 1 assistance in leg extension which we previousl y though was bad for rehab but it is actually good the result of this was that the core and assistabce had stronger quads same hamstring and faster return to it by over 2 months

77
Q

Core exercise - ballistic vs non

A

Ballistic - moderate resistence faster movement free weight for explosive strength muscle endurance
movements include weightlifting but needs coaching throws running biking jumps plyometrics
non ballistic
- heavy resistance, slow movement, large ROM free weight or machine max neurologic strength hypertrophy or muscular endurance

78
Q

How many exercises should we use

A

Feweest number to meet training objectives what is the most effective exercise for the objective fewer exercise more sets per exercise
in general 1 core ballistic per muscle or movement pattern if required
1 non core ballistic exercise per muscle or movement pattern
One assistance exercise per muscle, if required

79
Q

Planned variation

A

within microcycle think of in a week - variation possible between sessions reduce the training monotomy
Between microcycles -
- no variation between microcycles variation does not allow progress you need consistency same thing for 4-6 weeks to see progression to need consistency
between blocks
- exercises may vary between blocks
exercises selected depending on block objectives so like after a cycle is complete then you can varu the exercise depending on what the next thing you want to train it

80
Q

questions on final microcycles

A

what the priority of the traning ccle it will be one and figure it out by looking at the main exercises (core exercise the intensity the system trined etc
if there is concurrent training, what muscles are also being trained in comparison to the goals at the same time

81
Q

Order of exercise

A

Core exercise before assistance exercises as you use more muscles and larger muscles first with the core exercises
fatiuge of target muscles using assistabce exercises impairs the core exercise
ballistic exercise before non ballistic

82
Q

Art and science of coaaching

A

Science - scientific knowledge that explains physical phenomena and theoretical rationals for unexplained phenomena
art - the ability to utilize knowledge and rationals to elicit positive effects through training

83
Q

If stretching improves ROM a science then what is an art

A

how and when to stretch

84
Q

If exercise choice for jump is an art what is the science

A

training quad strength to improve it

85
Q

if interval training to improve anaerobic capacity is a science what is an art

A

the number of reps set work-rest ratio, etc

86
Q

Coach and the scientist (coach)

A

The consistent application of integrated professional interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge to improve athletes’ competence, confidence, connection, and character in specific coaching contexts

87
Q

What are the 3 componente for coaches and what are the types of knowledge

A

Knowledge outcomes and contexts where you apply knowlegde to outcomes with contexts where knowledge is the skills attibutes and behaviors
Professional knowledge - this is like all the learned iformation through research undergrad grad etc
interperosnal knowledge - from other coaches teachers peers
intrapersonal knowlegde - knowledge that is internal like jouurnals reflections did it work what to do better etc

88
Q

Outcomes of coach why is it trying to acomplish

A

Competence - of the athlete sport or skill
confidence - of the athlete
Connection - critical to performance
character - respect for sport or others like mortality empathy etc

89
Q

Contexts of the coach

A

recreational developmental and elite sport
context of the performance itself like competition for fun etc
employment or compensation
role
employer for others

90
Q

The scientist

A

Pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding following systematic methodologies based on evidence biomechanics, physiology, psychology

91
Q

Limitations of science and experimental inquiry

A

Technology by which to observe and measure what the study proposes
the political will
funding to conduct the study
size and scope of research imagination in crafting questions and enaging methodologies for research design
A research design that excludes human variability like gender, age, etc., in the name of limiting variables, is not a good question to be asking

92
Q

What is periodization Definition

A

Logical integration and sequencing of traning factors volume intensity training frequency density exercise selection and mode into mutually dependent periods of time designed to optimize specific physiological and performance outcomes at predetermined time points

93
Q

Periodization what is it

A

Planned variation of traning and a method of organizing traning to elicit physiological adaptations that transfer to optimal performance both science and theory

94
Q
A