Final revision

Question 1

What is an Information system (IS)?

Answer 1

a set of tools that collect and process data, which helps in decision-making and gathering information.

Question 2

(MCQ) What is “emerging mobile digital platform”?

Answer 2

1) Digital business relationships.
2) business processes are done online.
3) organization assets are managed digitally.

Question 3

Why is IS important to have in an organization?

Answer 3

Because without IS there will be:
1) duplication of effort.
2) Poor management of information.

Question 4

Explain the following Strategic Business Objectives of IS:
1) Improved decision making
2) Survival

Answer 4

1) Improved decision-making: IS helps organizations get more consistent and accurate information which improves decision-making.

2) Survival: ISS is necessary for business continuity, as it helps in processing the changes in the market and adapting to them.

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF DISRUPTIVE
APPLICATIONS? Name 4:

Answer 5

1) Enable new entrants
2) New business models
3) Disruption to existing market & players
4) Squeezing out established players out of the market

Question 6

WHY ARE COMPANIES DISRUPTED BY DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES? Name 4:

Answer 6

1) Companies not adapting to the changes.

2) No clear strategy to handle the disruptive technology.

3) Not understanding the potential of the disruptive technology.

4) Disruptive technology is only treated as an IT issue.

Question 7

(MCQ) What is richness and its effect as a feature in e-commerce? 2 effects:

Answer 7

“Richness” is supporting multiple types of media (video/audio/text).

The effects:
1) You can deliver messages with video, audio, and text simultaneously to many people.
2) Video, audio, and text marketing messages can be integrated into a single marketing
message and consumer experience.

Question 8

In Michael Porter’s 5 Force Model, what’s the difference between rivalry and substitution?

Answer 8

Rivalry: A competition between organizations in the same field.

Substitution: Replacement by other competitors.

Question 9

What are the scenarios under the condition of HIGH substitution of New Products?

Answer 9

1) Other competitors are selling cheaper than you.
2) Low switching costs for the consumer.

Question 10

Etisalat & Du have a lot of penalties & product contracts. Why is this the case?

Answer 10

To keep their customers from switching to other competitors.

Question 11

When is Rivalry among competitors HIGH?

Answer 11

 The number of competitors increases.
 Demand for the industry’s products declines.
 Industry growth slows.
 Barriers to leaving the industry are high.
 Fixed costs are high.

Question 12

What are the 2 types of resources?

Answer 12

 Tangible
 Intangible –> (More important)

Question 13

how to analyze VRIO if all is YES?

Answer 13

Sustainable competitive advantage and above average returns.

Question 14

What are the 4 VRIO evaluation dimensions?

Answer 14

 Value – resource is valuable if it can increase perceived customer value.

 Rareness (Uniqueness) – Resources that can
be acquired by a few companies.

 Imitability – the ability to imitate a valuable resource.

 Organization – the ability to manage valuable resources.

Question 15

What’s the main objective of VRIO?

Answer 15

to help identify the most important resource a company has. which helps understand their uniqueness.

Question 16

What are ethics?

Answer 16

how people should act in different social situations.

Question 17

Explain the rights approach:

Answer 17

the action that protects and respects the rights of those affected.

Question 18

Explain the utilitarian approach:

Answer 18

the action that does the most good over harm.

Question 19

– Three main ways to protect intellectual property:

Answer 19

1) Trade secret: Private intellectual work or product belonging to a business.

2) Copyright: legal grant that protects intellectual property from being copied.

3) Patents: an exclusive right granted to a creator for an invention.

Question 20

Three principal sources of poor system performance:

Answer 20

1) Poor data quality.
2) Software bugs or errors.
3) Hardware failure.

Question 21

Why are Global information systems (GIS) needed?

Answer 21

The complexity of the customers’ demands is increasing, so GIS is needed to understand the demands of different people all over the globe.

Question 22

What is a Multinational Corporation
(MNC)?

Answer 22

1) An organization with assets and
operations in multiple countries.
2) Delivers products and services globally.
3) Centrally managed from its headquarters.

Question 23

What are the 3 support categories of a GIS?

Answer 23

1) Operational Support: day-to-day activities.
2) Tactical Support: medium-range activities
3) Strategic Support: long-term goals.

Question 24

What are the 5 factors that can hinder
success when using GISs?

Answer 24

1) Lack of standardization.
2) Poor telecommunication infrastructures.
3) Lack of skilled analysts and programmers.
4) Cultural differences.
5) Diverse regulatory practices.

Question 25

How can the lack of standardization impede
the development of a cohesive GIS?

Answer 25

1) It’s impractical to work with various standards.
2) The inability to meet the costs of integrating different platforms.

Question 26

how would excessive standardization affect GIS?

Answer 26

It would decrease organizational flexibility in responding to local preferences.

Question 27

What is COBIT 5?

Answer 27

It is a framework with a set of principles that help organizations create optimal value from IT
by maintaining a balance between realizing benefits and optimizing risk levels and resource use.

Question 28

What are the five COBIT 5 Principles?

Answer 28

1. Meeting Stakeholder Needs
2. Covering the Enterprise End-to-end
3. Applying a Single Integrated Framework
4. Enabling a Holistic Approach
5. Separating Governance From Management

Question 29

COBIT 5: Governance vs Management

Answer 29

 Governance—In most enterprises, governance is the responsibility of the board of directors under the leadership of the chairperson.

 Management—In most enterprises, management is the responsibility of the executive management under the leadership of the CEO.

Question 30

What’s Nolan’s Stage Model?

Answer 30

It’s a theoretical model for the growth of information technology (IT) within an organization. It describes the evolution of IT systems in six stages.

Question 31

What are the 6 stages in Nolan’s stage model?

Answer 31

1) Initiation.
2) Contagion.
3) Control.
4) Integration.
5) Data Administration.
6) Maturity.

Question 32

Explain the Maturity stage in Nolan’s stage model:

Answer 32

In this stage, technology has been fully adopted in the organization and is being used to gain an advantage over competitors.