Final Review Pt2 Flashcards
continued
1
Q
Julio-Claudians
A
- Dynasty of Roman emperors that included Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero
2
Q
The Succession (Augustus’ sons)
A
- He had no sons. He ended up adopting a son in 4 AD.
- He adopted Tiberius who then adopted Germanicus, who was Tribune of the Plebs for 10 years.
- In 13 AD Germanicus was given the Pro-Consular Imperium.
- Augustus passes away in 14 AD.
3
Q
Augustus’ Death
A
- Augustus trained Tiberius and made sure he was ready to rule the empire.
- Year 14, while asking newcomers in the city about the daughter of the ill Drusus, he suddenly passed away as he kissed his wife.
- He referred to his life as a stage and play, asked for an audience’s applause, told his wife to be mindful of their marriage, and passed away.
4
Q
Tiberius (life and deeds)
A
- 42- 37
- Served as a quaestor in 20 BC, had a successful military career with campaigns in the Alps, Pannonia, and Germany.
- He was adopted by Augustus in AD 4 and served as the tribune of the plebs for 10 years.
- In AD 13, a year before the death of Augustus, he was given the pro-consular imperium, so he was poised to take over the empire.
- Tiberius reigned from 14-37 AD. Very conservative rule: a lot of moderation in the empire, he spent little and left the treasury full, and he held very few games.
- Built the Arch of Tiberius in 17 AD and Germanicus’ Triumph.
- Some family rivalry, especially with Germanicus, who seemed to be a favorite amongst the Roman people. He had “died” in AD 19, supposedly poisoned by Tiberius. ( see Senatus Consultum de cn. pisone patre, which was the summary of the trial of Piso, who was blamed for Germanicus’ death).
- “Retired” in AD 26 and lived in a villa at Capri for the rest of his life while his administrative aides ran Rome for him.
5
Q
Tiberius: The Real Story
A
- Orator, and was trained as a poet in the neoteric style.
- People rejoiced when he died.
- They would shout “To the Tiber with Tiberius”.
- His body was cremated and placed in a mausoleum outside of Rome.
6
Q
Caligula: The Good
A
- Caligula (“Bootsy”) took over while Tiberius was out of the city.
- Delivered Livia’s funeral oration at the age of 17
- Began the Aqua Claudia, remodelled the Theatre of Pompey, and built a Circus in modern-day Vatican city.
7
Q
Caligula: The Bad
A
- incest with all his sisters and courting public opinion over that of the senate.
- He linked his house to the temple of castor, so one must walk through the temple to get to his house.
- Had a statue of himself put up in the Temple at Jerusalem.
- cruelty, sadism, extravagance, and sexual perversion, presenting him as an insane tyrant.
- Caligula worked to increase the unconstrained personal power of the emperor
- He directed much of his attention to ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself
- He was killed in 41 by his opposition.
8
Q
Incitatus
A
- Caligula’s horse (meaning “Flash”), and he used Incitatus as a threat against the Senate.
- Threatened to put his horse up as consul, which looks insane but is a source of mockery towards the Senate.
- He also made them run alongside his carriage if they wanted to talk to him.
9
Q
Childbirth and Child-Rearing at Rome
A
- Sometimes had a small hut built to ward away evil when the child is being born. The midwives would help the mother push the baby out and also gave them birth aids, for quick delivery and pain relief. There were sometimes wet nurses there to feed the baby after birth.
- Life expectancy was low, and making it to puberty was very important in Roman life.
10
Q
Child’s Play
A
- playtime consisted of a variety of toys such as rattles, dolls made of cloth, clay, or wax, toy weapons, letter blocks, tops, balls and hoops made of sticks.
- Dogs were also pets that children played with
11
Q
Value of Children
A
- Some children were praised and loved by their families and were valued for something.
- Ohers were killed, especially if they were deformed. They were often the victims of late-term abortion or were left in the woods to starve and die.
12
Q
Roman Sexuality
A
- Everyday household items, including cups, tapestry, and paintings.
- The walls of a household would have depictions of sex.
- Roman sexuality was apotropaic as well, for large phalluses hung around to ward off ill-fortune.
- Same gender sex okay, but masculinity lied with the one who penetrates. It was seen as culturally accepted for not “fully formed” young men to be penetrated, and it was something that was joked about but something that you were able to grow out of.
13
Q
Roman Suicide and Seneca
A
- To prepare for death, people often read philosophy to celebrate it.
- Cato the younger, before committing suicide, tells us to reading philosophy in order to find out what happens to the soul after death. (succeeds on 2nd try)
- Seneca wrote many letters on how to live and how to approach death, and he believed that death was something that shouldn’t be feared by young and old alike.
- Before committing suicide, he inscribed his will on tablets and embraced his wife. He had known Nero was evil after the murder of his family, so he would rather kill himself than let Nero kill him. He ordered his wife, who had decided to kill herself as well, to leave so she didn’t have to watch him die. Then he cut the arteries in his legs and arms, but that was too slow. He then took a poison that failed to work, and was finally carried to a bath where he suffocated on the steam.
14
Q
Gladiators: Origins
A
- Not officially known (Multiple sources)
- One view was that it came from the south (Osco-Samnite) because there are paintings of banquets, celebrations, and athletic events.
- There are also wall paintings that depict one on one combat for sport.
- The Samnite gladiator (thought to be the original one) originated from the South.
- could have originated in the North because there were paintings in a tomb in Tarquinii.
- It was also stated by Nicolaus of Damascus in the 1st century that the Romans learned gladitorial combat from the Etruscans in the North.
15
Q
Charun and his Hammer
A
- Hammer wielding character from Etruscan mythology, and he was introduced during the Augustan period.
- Mythological character (played by someone) who would come out into the arena and deal the death blow to the dying gladiator with his hammer.
