Final Review pt 4 Flashcards
Cover rest of new words
1
Q
Genius
A
- Individual instance of a divine nature that is present in every individual person, place, or thing.
- Much like a guardian angel, the genius would follow each man from the hour of his birth until the day he died.
- For women, it was the Juno spirit that would accompany each of them.
2
Q
Di Manes (Parentalia / Lemuria)
A
- Ovid describes sacred offerings (sacrificia) of flower-garlands, wheat, salt, wine-soaked bread and violets to the “shades of the dead” (Manes or Di manes) at family tombs (day of the dead)
- Parentalia is a nine-day festival held in honor of family ancestors, beginning on 13 February.
- Lemuria was a feast in May where Romans performed rites to exorcise the malevolent and fearful ghosts of the dead from their homes. They threw beans over their shoulders to ward them away. On those days, the Vestals would prepare sacred mola salsa, a salted flour cake, from the first ears of wheat of the season.
3
Q
Robigo
A
- The Robigalia was a festival in ancient Roman religion held April 25, named for the god Robigus.
- Its main ritual was a dog sacrifice to protect grain fields from disease.
- Games (ludi) in the form of “major and minor” races were held
4
Q
Big Mama
A
- Example of Roman world and Roman state incorporating something new into its pantheon
- 2nd punic war, Rome suffered some defeats.
- “duoviri sacris faciunis” two men who consult the sacred books
- Sibylline books were cryptic poetry and you can get meaningful advice the senate could act on. They read “the mother is absent; thou Roman, I bid thee seek the Moth” Ovid
- Needed to bring magna mater from pessinus (turkey) To Rome. They sent a delegation to delphi (oracle) to see if they should physically go to turkey and get the goddess. Brought black a stone, which the inhabitants said was the mother of the Gods.
5
Q
Mystery Cults
A
- Mystery cults became popular in Rome with the introduction of foreign gods.
- These cults required an initiation into the cult and focused on foreign gods. Also focus on improving after-life.
- These initiations involved a salvation or rebirth once entered into the club. In addition, it gave many other advantages that the traditional Roman Pantheon did not.
6
Q
Isis
A
- Isis was an Egyptian goddess that was actively worshipped in Egypt, and then had a Roman transformation that got her a cult following in Rome.
- She as often depicted carrying a sistrum.
- There was an Egyptian cult for her in Rome and temples were built in dedication to her.
7
Q
Apuleius the Magician
A
- Comes from north africa, Lived in 2nd C
- Wrote the golden ass
- “The magician”. Was a well-read man, lawyer, and has a defence speech on the accusation of the use of magic
- Charge was that he charmed his wife with spells, which was prohibited according to the 12 Tables
8
Q
Vespasian: Temple of Peace
A
- Vespasian’s Temple of Peace was a new forum that was attached to the central forum (following Caear’s trend).
- It was made in celebration of the defeat of an enemy and a military victory.
- It included the spoils of Jerusalem, artwork form the Domus Aurea, and a Library of Peace.
- It also included the first example of a marble plan that depicted all of the city of Rome.
9
Q
Titus: Amphitheater and Arch
A
- During his reign, Titus completes his father’s Amphitheater in 80 AD, and holds 100 days of celebrations.
- Was built after his death by Domitian. This was dedicated to Divine Titus, meaning it was built after he was dead and deified.
10
Q
Good Emperors
A
- Nervia, who built the Forum of Nervia and the temple to Minerva.
- Trajan, who is known for the last forum and his column.
- Hadrian, who is known for creating buildings that reshaped Rome (Pantheon, Trajan’s column, parts of the forum of Trajan, the temple to Venus and Rome, and his family mausoleum).
- Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius, who had a similar column to Trajan.
11
Q
The Last Forum
A
- The last forum was the largest forums made in Rome at the time.
- Started by Trajan and finished and added to by Hadrian.
- There were many parks, a huge basilica, many representations of the divine emperor, and in the back had the column of Trajan, where his remains lie.
12
Q
Trajan’s Column
A
- Trajan’s Column was built by Hadrian as a funerary marker for Trajan after his death.
- It preserves trend seen with the Arch of Titus, which includes panels that tell stories.
- His column tells stories of conquest (in Dacian wars) and success in his military career, including battle scenes, negotiations, speeches, surrenders, marches, constructions, and more. It does not glorify peace, but glorifies subjugation.
13
Q
Hadrian: Temples and mausoleum
A
- Hadrian built the surrounding area and column in Trajan’s forum, the column acting as a funerary marker for Trajan in his divine honor.
- He also rebuilt the Pantheon, which was in the Campus Martius area and was dedicated to all the gods. It was innovative in that it had a massive dome with an open oculus inside.
- He also built a massive temple to Venus and Rome next to the colosseum. It was the largest temple in the city and connected the colosseum to the administrative hub of the forum. He also built a mausoleum to himself and his family, one that matches Augustus.
14
Q
Colonia Commodiana
A
- Colonia Commodiana was the idea of Commodus, who was an emperor turned gladiator.
- He wanted to refound the city of Rome and rename it Commodiana after himself.
- He also created a new calendar that honors himself and his favorite gods.
15
Q
Panem et Circenses
A
- Panem et Circenses in Latin means “bread and circus games”. Also had horses
- This was the idea that the Roman people held the circus games very highly and it was an intricate part of Roman life.
- It was said by the satirical Juvenal that the two things most important in life for Romans of the time was bread for living and the circus games.
