Final review old tests Flashcards
Personality Definition
The System of characteristics that contribute to consistency in thoughts, feelings, and behavior over time & place.
List Major Theories
biological psychodynamic humanistic cognitive learning
Personality best expressed with phrase
How we perceive ourselves, and how others perceive us
Persona
a mask
Who is more likely to be research subjects
white men
Why are self report measures good?
objective scoring
African Americans
lower on trust scale
Hispanic & Asians
less likely to seek help
MMPI
not appropriate for those with low reading ability
Projective Tests
not valid
Freud based theory on
clinical observations
Freud deep attraction to
mom
Freudian anxiety out of
childhood sexual conflicts
Freud two primary instincts-
life/death
preconscious is
storehouse for memories, thoughts, perceptions
Freud criticized for all except:
did not look deeply into psyche (he did!)
Anal stage can be used as a weapon by children (True/False)
Anal stage can be used as a weapon by children (True)
Person doesn’t remember sexual assault using
repression
Gay senator acts like womanizer-
Reaction Formation
Woman wants affair takes up repairs-
Sublimation
Jung’s theory developed out of
mental breakdown at 38
Jung- all types of psychic energy
not differentiation (libido, more?)
Jung- all major systems of psyche except
not libido (Conscious, personal unconscious, collective unconscious)
Jung- Which applies to introversion/extraversion
D- all of above
Jung- complexes grow out of
childhood, adult, ancestral- all of above
Jung- collective unconscious
inherited human experience & history of species
Jung- all archetypes except
preconscious
Jung- anima/animus
all humans bisexual
Jung- During middle age, we become
introverted, psychic energy is rechanneled, universal, all of above
Horney- Statement on childhood
- biological forces more important than social forces- false!!
Horney- More afraid child is
more must repress
Horney- Children strive to protect against basic anxiety by
- Securing affection and love (doing what others want/bribing/threatening)
- Being Submissive
- Attaining Power
- Withdrawing
Horney- List of 10 neurotic needs bad if-
only way of reducing anxiety
Horney- Neurotic moving toward
= compliant personality (compliant/agressive/withdrawn)
Horney- idealized self image leads to
tyranny of the should
For Horney, oedipus complex
Oedipus complex results in conflict between dependence on one’s parents and hostility toward them
Horney- woman conflict between
love and work
Horney was opposed to
taking verbatim notes
Erikson Personality develops
throughout lifespan
From his early work, Erikson was interested in
from early work, interested with psychoanalytic work with children
Erikson Studies all groups except for
Adults with Schizophrenia
According to Erikson’s Epigenetic Principle of maturation,
stages are determined by genetic factors
Erikson Divided personality growth into
8 stages from birth to death
Erikson- Conflict at one stage not resolved,
person will have more difficulty in continuing normal development in next stage
Erikson- Identity cohesion vs role confusion=
moratorium to give person time to play different roles/images
Erikson- positive outcome of intimacy vs isolation-
establish positive intimate relationships
Erikson- person in generativity v stagnation stage needs to be
involved in teaching/guiding next generation
Allport believed meeting with freud illustrated
: too much importance on unconscious
Alport; uniqueness determined by
: Genetics + Learning
Allport personality traits are
: real and exist within us
most pervasive and influential trait: cardinal trait
central traits: 5-10 themes that describe behavior
concept of FA proposes that: motives of healthy adults about present/future, not childhood
Addictions & repetitive actions: perseverative functional autonomy
functionally autonomous behavior example: learned skills
needs for affection and security are met in infancy; proprium develops, FA develops, unique traits develop, D all of the answers
Allport most pervasive and influential trait
: cardinal trait
Allport- central traits
: 5-10 themes that describe behavior
Allport- concept of FA proposes that
: motives of healthy adults about present/future, not childhood
Allport- Addictions & repetitive actions
: perseverative functional autonomy
Allport- functionally autonomous behavior example
: learned skills
needs for affection and security are met in infancy; proprium develops, FA develops, unique traits develop, D all of the answers
Allport- needs for affection and security are met in infancy;
proprium develops, FA develops, unique traits develop, D all of the answers
Allport Unusual assessment technique:
personal document approach
Allport popular today because:
expressive behaviors linked to traits, healthy adults, little habits tied to personality traits- D all of the answers
Cattell used Factor Analysis for
factor of data
Cattell traits are
(D- all of answers) relatively permanent, basic structural units of pers, derived by factor analysis
Cattell- source traits are:
basic elements of personality
Cattell- behavior that results from alcohol intake is a constitutional trait
(physiological)
Cattell- env. mold traits are:
learned characteristics from friends/work/where we live
cattell identified
16 source traits that form basis of personality
Cattell- 2 kinds of dynamic traits:
ergs & sentiments
Eysenck- all personality dimensions except
shyness vs social rejection (ENP
extraverts have lower cortical arousal than introverts
Eysenck- personality dimensions:
remain relatively constant throughout lifespan
Eysenck- all part of big five except:
deference
maslow insisted on psyc that
emphasized human strengths, free will, potential
Maslow’s needs are instinctoid:
based on needs for safety belongingness & love
people driven by: one dominant need at a time
Maslow- Higher needs are:
weaker than lower needs, active later in life, less necessary for survival (D all of answers)
Maslow- need for safety most important in:
infants & neurotic adults
Maslow- prereq for self act is
realistic knowledge of strengths, freedom, security (D- all of above)
Maslow- second set of innate needs:
cognitive needs, know & understand
Maslow- metamotivation:
motivation of self actualizers
Maslow- all characteristics of self-act except
complete acceptance of norms/beliefs of majority (do have accurate perceptions, acceptance of self, etc)
Maslow- If need for self act is innate, why is it rare?
higher=weaker, sufficient love in childhood needed, Jonah complex (D all of answers)
Maslow’s personality theory grew out of
research on characteristics of Ruth Benedict/Max Wertheimer
Rogers Research with kids showed :
self insight most important predictor
Rogers organismic valuing process:
evaluate life exp based on how it serves actualizing tendency
According to Rogers, way we see env is:
dependent on our perception, not reality
Rogers Self is: image
(actual & ideal), consistent pattern, organized whole (D all of the answers)
Rogers Acceptance we need from others:
Positive Regard
Rogers Conditions of worth derive from:
internalizing parents’ norms and standards
Rogers Our level of psych adjustment and emotional health:
self is congruent with environment
Rogers All fully functioning person characteristics except:
develops defenses against threats to the self (yes, awareness, trust, freedom)
Rogers fully functioning person is
actualizing not actualized
Rogers used in research:
Q sort technique
Critics charge that Rogers ignored
factors which client was not consciously aware that could influence behavior
