Final Review in class questions

Question 1

The blood-filtering structure of the kidney is called the

Answer 1

Glomerulus

Question 2

The urine-forming units of the kidney

Answer 2

nephrons

Question 3

The vasa recta are associated with which structures in the kidney?

Answer 3

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 4

Urine collection happens in what part of the kidney?

Answer 4

The pelvis

Question 5

How would giving a patient intravenous albumin affect filtration?

Answer 5

Due to higher colloid osmotic pressure, the net filtration pressure would be lower.

Question 6

How would giving a patient intravenous albumin affect filtration?

Answer 6

Due to higher colloid osmotic pressure, the net filtration pressure would be lower.

Question 7

What type of response by the afferent arterioles would you expect if blood pressure increased?

Answer 7

The afferent arterioles would constrict

Question 8

Autoregulatory mechanisms are most effective______.

Answer 8

When the aterial pressure isww between 80 and 180 mmHg

Question 9

Extrinsic controls regulate glomerular filtration rate as a means of regulating _______?

Answer 9

Systemic blood pressure

Question 10

How much of the cardiac out put is delivered to the kidneys each minute?

Answer 10

1/4

Question 11

What would be the effect on urine output if sodium channels in the tubule cells were inhibited?

Answer 11

The volume would increase

Question 12

Why do high levels of K+ stimulate aldosterone secretion?

Answer 12

Aldosterone stimulates the sodium-potassium pump to reabsorb sodium while simultaneously secreting potassium.

Question 13

Which of the following processes in urine formation is important for regulating blood PH?

Answer 13

Secretion

Question 14

Why does alcohol cause a headache?

Answer 14

Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion

Question 15

How does ADH contibute to the formation of concentrated urine?

Answer 15

ADH increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water by stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into the apical membrane

Question 16

When considering drug administration why is it important to know the renal clearance rate of the drug

Answer 16

It dictates the dosage and frequency of the administration of drugs

Question 17

Urine from a person w/ diabetes mellitus has a ____ odor due to the presence of_____.

Answer 17

Fruity odor, acetone

Question 18

What features of the bladder predispose it to being able to stretch and relax repeatedly?

Answer 18

The walls are highly folded into rugae and the epithelium is transitional

Question 19

The process of voiding the bladder is called_____.

Answer 19

micturition

Question 20

What is the functional difference between a male urethra and a female urethra?

Answer 20

The male urethra is shared w/ the reproductive system

Question 21

Two main fluid compartments w/in the body?

Answer 21

intracellular/extracellular

Question 22

Most abundant cation and anion in ECF.

Answer 22

Na+, CL-

Question 23

Which of the following accounts for the most water lost, second only to urine output?

Answer 23

insensible perspiration

Question 24

An increase in the ECF solute content causes _____.

Answer 24

water to move out of the cell

Question 25

What is the most potent stimulus for thirst?

Answer 25

An increase in plasma osmolarity

Question 26

You were thirsty and you drank a full glass of water only to have your thirst return an hour later, this is because ____.

Answer 26

Distension of the stomach temporarily inhibits the thirst center

Question 27

When ADH levels are low, the kidneys produce _____ urine.

Answer 27

Dilute

Question 28

Blood sodium levels are indirectly assessed by

Answer 28

Baroreceptors

Question 29

You would expect blood levels of ANP to increase when _____.

Answer 29

Blppd pressure is increased, an increase in preload, and the walls of the atria are stretched.