Final Review in class questions Flashcards
The blood-filtering structure of the kidney is called the
Glomerulus
The urine-forming units of the kidney
nephrons
The vasa recta are associated with which structures in the kidney?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Urine collection happens in what part of the kidney?
The pelvis
How would giving a patient intravenous albumin affect filtration?
Due to higher colloid osmotic pressure, the net filtration pressure would be lower.
How would giving a patient intravenous albumin affect filtration?
Due to higher colloid osmotic pressure, the net filtration pressure would be lower.
What type of response by the afferent arterioles would you expect if blood pressure increased?
The afferent arterioles would constrict
Autoregulatory mechanisms are most effective______.
When the aterial pressure isww between 80 and 180 mmHg
Extrinsic controls regulate glomerular filtration rate as a means of regulating _______?
Systemic blood pressure
How much of the cardiac out put is delivered to the kidneys each minute?
1/4
What would be the effect on urine output if sodium channels in the tubule cells were inhibited?
The volume would increase
Why do high levels of K+ stimulate aldosterone secretion?
Aldosterone stimulates the sodium-potassium pump to reabsorb sodium while simultaneously secreting potassium.
Which of the following processes in urine formation is important for regulating blood PH?
Secretion
Why does alcohol cause a headache?
Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion
How does ADH contibute to the formation of concentrated urine?
ADH increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water by stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into the apical membrane
When considering drug administration why is it important to know the renal clearance rate of the drug
It dictates the dosage and frequency of the administration of drugs
Urine from a person w/ diabetes mellitus has a ____ odor due to the presence of_____.
Fruity odor, acetone
What features of the bladder predispose it to being able to stretch and relax repeatedly?
The walls are highly folded into rugae and the epithelium is transitional
The process of voiding the bladder is called_____.
micturition
What is the functional difference between a male urethra and a female urethra?
The male urethra is shared w/ the reproductive system
Two main fluid compartments w/in the body?
intracellular/extracellular
Most abundant cation and anion in ECF.
Na+, CL-
Which of the following accounts for the most water lost, second only to urine output?
insensible perspiration
An increase in the ECF solute content causes _____.
water to move out of the cell
What is the most potent stimulus for thirst?
An increase in plasma osmolarity
You were thirsty and you drank a full glass of water only to have your thirst return an hour later, this is because ____.
Distension of the stomach temporarily inhibits the thirst center
When ADH levels are low, the kidneys produce _____ urine.
Dilute
Blood sodium levels are indirectly assessed by
Baroreceptors
You would expect blood levels of ANP to increase when _____.
Blppd pressure is increased, an increase in preload, and the walls of the atria are stretched.
