Final Review

Question 1

The French Revolution led to…

Answer 1

• The emancipation of the Jews in France.
• September 1791 French Jews Fully Emancipated
• For the first time in the history of modern Europe, Jews were formally declared citizens.
• Jews given full citizenship in Holland in 1796
• Ghetto barriers broken down in Venice and Rome.

Question 2

Define Anti-Semitism

Answer 2

Hatred of the Jews

France never got over Anti-Semitism

Question 3

The Rothschilds

Answer 3

• Became the principle bankers in Paris, Vienna, Naples, and Frankfort.
• Financed the emergence of capital industrialism in Europe
• They Financed much of the war.

Question 4

Jewish liberty in Rhineland developed unevenly

Answer 4

• Where Napoleon’s armies conquered, Jews given freedom.
• Full emancipation in Frankfort in 1811
• In Prussia, Jewish Freedom in 1812, but government employment closed to the Jews.

Question 5

Jewish Assimilation in 19th Century Europe

Answer 5

• Jews become leading financiers, scientists, academics, artists, and industrialists in Europe.
• Benjamin Disraeli became Prime Minister of Britain.
• (In America) Judah Benjamin held high offices in the Confederacy during the American Civil War, including Secretary of State for the Confederacy

Question 6

Protocols of the Elders fo Zion

Answer 6

A fake document suggesting a Jewish conspiracy that first appeared in France, became popular in Germany and elsewhere, publicized by Henry Ford in USA, and still cited by some Palestinians today.

Question 7

Many East-European Jews find refuge in…

Answer 7

Britain and the USA.

• In 10 years, Jewish population in London jumped from 47,000 to 150,000
• In last two decades of 19th century, 600,000 East European Jews arrived in America
• By 1929, 2,300,000 had arrived in America, and 71% were Russian Jews
• In 1870 there were fewer than 250,000 Jews in America. By 1930 there were more than 4,000,000

Question 8

Jewish influence in the Russia Communist Revolution

Answer 8

• Carl Marx was a descendent of a long line of Jewish rabbis in Germany
• Marx was an atheist who believed the “Jewish problem” would be solved along with other social ills by destroying feudalism and exploitative capitalism that replaced it
• Marx believed that when the exploited workers, including Jews, were truly freed, “scientific socialism” would create a classless society. At last, complete assimilation for Jews
• Leon Trotsky was a Jew and head of the Red Army in Russia

Question 9

The Dream of Assimilation

Answer 9

• The push for assimilation in European and American society in the later 19th century and early 20th century led to dwindling attendance at synagogues. Thousands of Jews were baptized as Christians.
• 19th Century Romantic liberalism became their Messiah
• The dream of Zion had not simply faded — it was vigorously denied

Question 10

Civil unrest in Russia led to…

Answer 10

Millions of Jews emigrating to the USA.

Question 11

Anti-Semitism in 19th Century Europe gave birth to

Answer 11

Zionism

Question 12

Define Zionism

Answer 12

The movement to create an independent Jewish state in Palestine.

Question 13

Moses Hess

Answer 13

• An Orthodox Jew a friend of Carl Marx, had early on thought like Marx that “Scientific Socialism would solve the Jewish problem.
• It became clear to him, however, that Jews were not just an economic category, but a distinct people.
• Marx thought freeing the workers from repression would bring redemption to all mankind. Hess thought freeing the Jews would lead to redemption of all men.
• He, like other Jews, defined themselves as a nation, not just a religion

Question 14

Theodore Herzl

Answer 14

Becomes the leading proponent of Zionism. He said Jews could only enjoy true freedom in they governed themselves, preferably on “ancient soil.”