Final Review Flashcards
What is a sentence complement? Give the four complements.
A complement is one or more words in the predicate that complete the meaning of the subject and verb. The four complements are predicate nominative, predicate adjective, direct object, and indirect object.
What parts of speech are NOT complements?
Adverbs and prepositional phrases are not complements.
Define predicate nominative. Give an example.
A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linkin verb and renames the subject.
Ex. Wilbur is a pig.
Define predicate adjective. Give an example.
A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject.
Ex. Wilbur is tired.
What question does the predicate nominative or predicate adjective answer?
The predicate nominative or adjective answers the question what or who after a linking verb.
What is a linking verb?
A linking verb connects the subject with a noun or ajdective in the predicate. It shows being, not action.
What is the most common linking verb?
The to be verb is the most common linking verb.
Forms of the to be verb may be used as linking or helping verbs. Give an example of each.
Ex. 1 Wilbur is a pig. (linking verb)
Ex. 2 Wilbur is walking to the barn (heping verb for main verb, walking)
What verbs in addition to the to be verb can be linking verbs?
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem smell, sound, stay, taste
Use smell as an action verb and a linking verb.
Jane smells the rose. (action verb)
The rose smells wonderful. (linking verb)
Define direct object. Give an example.
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.
Ex. The magister teaches Latin.
What question does a direct object answer?
The direct object answers the question what or whom after an action verb.
What is a complementary infinitive? Give an example.
A complementary infinitive is an infinitive used as a direct object.
Ex. Wilbur loves to learn. Wilbur wants to eat.
What is an indirect object? Give an example.
An indirect object precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done.
Ex. 1 The magister teaches me Latin.
Ex. 2 The magister gives John a test.
What kind of verbs usually have indirect objects?
Giving and telling verbs usually have indirect objects.
Give five difficulties in finding the subject, with examples.
a. When sentences express a command or request, the subject is always you.
Ex. Study your Latin
(You) study your Latin.
b. To find a subject in a question, turn the question into a statement.
Ex. What lesson did you study?
You did study what lesson?
subect: you verb: did study
c. The subject of a sentence is never a propositional phrase.
Ex. Neither of the students studied his Latin.
Neither is the subject. Students is the object of the preposition of.
d. Here is not usually the subject of a verb.
Ex. Here is the book.
The book is here.
Here is an adverb telling where. Book is the subject of the verb is.
e. The expletives there and it are not usually subjects of a verb.
Ex. 1 There are books on both tables.
Books are on both tables.
Books is the subject of the verb are. There gets the sentence started.
Ex. 2 It is important to study Latin.
To study Latin is important.
To study is the subject of the verb is. It gets the sentence started.
Give the eight kinds of pronouns in pairs.
Personal and Possessive
Intensive and Reflexive
Relative and Interrogative
Demonstrative and Indefinite
Many pronouns can also function as what part of speech?
Many pronouns also function as adjectives.
Give the pronoun forms of the possessive pronoun.
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
Give the adjective forms of the possessive pronouns.
my, your, his, her, its, our, your their
What is a transitive verb? Give examples.
A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning.
Ex. 1 John ignored the insult.
Ex. 2 John completed his lesson.
What is an intransitive verb? Give examples.
An intransitive verb does not require a direct object to complete its meaning.
Ex. sleep, laugh, look die, and the to be verb are always intransitive.
Many verbs can be used both transitively and intransitively. Give examples.
Ex. 1 I eat pizza. transitive, pizza is a direct object.
Ex. 2 I eat every day. intransitive, every day is an adverb, not a direct object.
What is the difference between the active and passive voice?
In the active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb.
Change a sentence from active to passive voice.
Caesar conquered the Gauls. (active)
The Gauls were conquered by Caesar. (passive)
When is the passive voice used? Give an example.
The passive voice is used when the doer of the action is unknown, concealed, or less important than the receiver of the action.
Ex. 1 The cookies were taken from the cookie jar.
Ex. 2 Rome was not built in a day.
Give examples of nouns used as adverbs.
Ex. 1 I walked yesterday.
Ex. 2 I will walk Sunday.
What is a common way of forming adverbs? Give an example.
Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to an adjective.
Ex. slow (adjective) He is slow.
Ex. slowly (adverb) He walks slowly.
Adverbs of degree modify adjectives and other adverbs. Give examples.
very, so, too, really, rather, quite, especially
Ex. 1 Charlotte is very loyal. very modifies the adjective loyal.
Ex. 2 Wilbur walks quite slowly. quite modifies the adverb slowly.
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses.
What are the three kinds of conjunctions?
The three kinds of conjunctions are coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunctions.
What are coordinating conjunctions?
The coordinating conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance. The coordinating conjunctions can be remembered by the acronym FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
What are correlative conjunctions? Give examples.
The correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance.
either … or neither … nor
both … and not only … but (also)
whether … or
