Final Review Flashcards
the Sun-god and a Titan who is sometimes referred to as Helios
Hyperion
father of Penelope; brother of Tyndareus; uncle of Helen and Clytemnestra
Icarius
Trojan allies who live in Thrace in the city of Ismarus; Odysseus raids them
Cicones
daughter of Atlas; nymph on the island of Ogygia
Calypso
friend of Odysseus; placed as steward in charge of Odysseus’ household
Mentor
youngest son of Nestor who, like Telemachus is too young to fight at Troy
Pisistratus
old man of the sea; an immortal Egyptian who is able to change shape at will
Proteus
daughter of King Alcinous & Queen Arete who hopes to soon marry
Nausicaa
Laestrygonian king who eats Odysseus’ scout; his wife is a mountain-sized giantess
Antiphates
son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; kills Aegisthus and his mother in order to avenge his father’s death
Orestes
plain at the end of the world where virtuous heroes go at death
Elysium
favorite and oldest son of Alcinous; best-looking Phaeacian
Laodamas
clan of one-eyed giants who herd sheep and goats but have no farms or ships
Cyclopes
king of the Cyclopes; son of Poseidon and Thoosa whom Odysseus blinds
Polyphemus
goddess who lives on Aeaea; daughter to the Sun-god
Circe
relative of Odysseus; second in command of the men of Ithaca
Eurylochus
the famous Phaeacian bard
Demodocus
the name that Odysseus first tells to the Cyclops
Noman
prophet to whom Persephone grants understanding even in Hades
Teiresias
Ithacan leader of the suitors and the first to die; the suitor Penelope hates most
Antinous
son of Polybus; leading suitor and Ithacan; 2nd suitor to die; mocks Odysseus
Eurymachus
son of Terpes; the reluctant musician for the suitors
Phemius
Odysseus’ childhood nurse who still serves in his house
Euryclea
father of Odysseus; former king of Ithaca
Laertes
Odysseus’ dead mother who seems to have killed her self
Anticlea
two singers in a field of flowers whose song enchants men, drawing them to the field where they rot away listening
Sirens
swineherd of Odysseus who faithfully rises his pigs in his absence
Eumaeus
son of Nisus, king of Dulichium; most agreeable suitor to Penelope beacuse he was “a man of good natural disposition”
Amphinomus
nickname of Ithaca’s tramp, Arnaeus; a glutton and drunkard
Irus
goatherd and son of Dolius (Penelope’s servant)
Melanthius
Penelope’s maid whom Penelope raised; girlfriend of Eurymachus; daugther of Dolius
Melantho
stockman of Odysseus in charge of the cattle and goats
Philoetius
after the suitors, servants, and maids are killed, this man still has six sons who are also servants of Odysseus; father to Melanthius and Melantho
Dolius
a course and wealthy suitor from Same who insults the “beggar” by throwing a heifer’s foot at him
Ctesippus
seer and descendant of Melampus; mocked by Eurymachus when he had a vision of the suitor’s destruction
Theoclymenus
___ was so angered by Odysseus injuring his son, ___ that he would not allow Odysseus to return home to Ithaca.
Poseidon; Polyphemus
Which two cities did Telemachus visit on the mainland of Greece?
Pylos and Sparta
___ instructed Menalaus to get home by ___
Proteus; first going back to Egypt
What were some things going on in the house of Odysseus while Telemachus was away?
At first the suitors did not know Telemachus had left. When the realized Telemachus was gone, the suitors plotted his death. The suitors organized an ambush to kill Telemachus off of Ithaca upon his return.
Calypso’s main argument against releasing Odysseus included what two points?
It was fine for gods to marry mortals but it was bad for goddesses to marry mortals
What did Odysseus think Calypso was doing when she told him to go home to Ithaca?
tricking him
What did the king of the Phaeacians do when Odysseus begged for help?
treat him kindly, give him the seat of his favorite son, remove him from the hearth
Why were the Phaeacians struck by the appearance of Odysseus?
Athene made him taller, stouter, and better looking
Odysseus praised the Phaeacians for being the best in the world at what?
dancing
Why did Odysseus linger in the cave of Polyphemus to see “the owner himself”?
He hoped to get a present
Where did Odysseus and his men have to go upon leaving Circe’s Island?
Hades to see the seer Teiresias
In the Underworld, which heroes come up to Odysseus with Achilles?
Ajax, Patroclus, Antilochus
After Circe told Odysseus about the dangers ahead, what were some of the things he mentioned to his men?
they must avoid Charybdis, the Sirens would lure them with song, the men should not eat the Sun-god’s cattle
Why was Odysseus unable to recognize Ithaca when he awoke on shore?
He had been gone for so long. Athene made it a foggy day. And, he wasn’t familiary with his home.
Eumaeus said that Odysseus would have given him what?
a house, a piece of land, a good-looking wife
Why was Theoclymenus in exile?
he killed a man in Argos
When Telemachus arrived at his hut, Eumaeus did what?
spilled the wine, wept for joy, kissed his head and eyes, and acted like a father who hadn’t seen his son in 10 years
Penelope regarded ___ as an omen that the suitors were all going to be killed.
Telemachus’ sneeze
The beggar claimed to be betther than Eurymachus in what ways?
plowing a stronger furrow, fastingand mowing on a long summer day, fighting foremost in the fray of battle
Recounting her stratagems for stalling the suitors, Penelope claimed to be under which of the following pressures
Heaven heaped affliction on her. Her parents wanted her to marry. Telemachus was upset about the suitors’ waste.
When Eurymachus mocked Theoclymenus, Theoclymenus answered that he had what?
eyes, ears, feet, and a mind
Once ___ had set the axes in the earth, ___ was the first suitor to make trial of the bow.
Telemachus; Leiodes
When Eurymachus made excuses, he claimed that Antinous wanted ___.
to kill Telemachus and rule Ithaca
List Penelope’s responses to the news that Odysseus was alive in the correct order.
- ) Penelope told Euryclea that she must be mad and mocking her.
- ) Penelope sprang from her couch, hugged Euryclea, wept for joy, and asked how Odysseus overcame the suitors.
- ) Penelope told Euryclea that her story could not be true.
- ) Penelope said a god had killed the suitors, but Odysseus was dead far away.
In order to prove his identity to Laertes, Odysseus had to ___.
point to the fruit trees his father gave him, describes his vineyard, number the fruit trees his father gave him, and show the scar he got hunting on Mt. Parnassus
After Telemachus made his speech to the suitors, ___ childed him. What was this suitor’s argument for remaining in Odysseus’ house?
Penelope had encouraged the suitors with deceitful notes and promises to marry them. They would stay until she chose one of them.
Identify the four reasons that Telemachus could not force his mother to remarry.
1) His father was abroad, maybe alive/maybe dead. 2.) Icarius would exact a large fine at Penelope’s return. 3.0 Heaven would punish him when Penelope called on the furies. 4.) It would not be a praiseworthy thing to do.
How do we know that Nestor was extremely impressed that Telemachus was traveling with Athene?
Nestor said that Telemachus was going to be a great hero because the gods waited upon him while he was young.
When ___ captured ___, what six shapes did he turn into before turning back into himself?
1.) lion 2.) dragon 3.) leopard 4.) boar 5.) running water 6.) tree
According to ___, Odysseus was a ___ ruler of his people.
Athene; fatherly
Odysseus claimed that there was nothing better than what?
that man and wife should be of one mind in a house
___, the famous Phaeacian bard, was given ___ by the Muse, but the Muse robbed him of his ___.
Demodocus; a divine gift of song; eyesight
Upon escaping from the Cyclops, Odysseus made the major mistake of what?
tuanting Polyphemus and giving him his real name
The wind given to Odysseus by Aeolus did NOT return Odysseus to Ithaca for what reason?
Odysseus fell asleep, and his men untied the bag of winds expecting treasure
Odysseus gave a severe reprimand to Eurylochus, almost ___ him, because he told the men not to do what?
killing; follow Odysseus to Circe’s house and their ruin
Teiresias prophesied that Odysseus would ___ the suitors and carry an ___ until he found a people who knew nothing of the ___. Then he would sacrifice ___ and go home to ___. Death would come from the ___.
kill; oar; sea; Poseidon; die; sea
In the dispute which drove Ajax son of Telamon to madness and suicide, ___ and the ___ awarded the armor of Achilles to ___.
Athene, Trojan prisoners, Odysseus
Describe Scylla.
He lived in a cave in a cliff, yelped like a hound, had 6 necks and heads, 12 feet, 3 rows of teeth, and ate fish and monsters (or 6 men).
___ convinced the men to break their promise and eat Hyperion’s cattle. What was his argument?
Eurolochas; The men could sacrifice cattle to gods and build a temple to Hyperion in Ithaca - it was better to drown than starve.
Did the swineherd believe that Odysseus was dead? Why or why not?
Yes. The suitors behaved like a god had told them Odysseus was dead.
According to Eumaeus, the suitors would never hire the visiting beggar for what reason?
they only hired well-dressed young men with handsom faces and tidy hair
Eumaeus said that ___ had aged Laertes most.
the death of Anticlea
When Athene appeared at the hut, ___ were able to see her. ___ tallied ___ suitors, servants, and potential allies for Odysseus.
Odysseus and the dogs; Telemachus; 118
When the beggar told ___ , “Your looks, my fine sir, are better than your breeding,” he responded by doing what?
Antinous; hurling a stool and hitting Odysseus
___ rewarded Odyesseus with the promised goat’s pauch of blood.
___ wished Odysseus good luck after his victory over Irus.
Antinous; Amphinomus
Penelope told Eurymachus that, before leaving for Troy, Odysseus told her what?
to look after his home and parents, and remarry when Telemachus grew a beard
Telemachus asked ___ to shut the maids in their quarters because they were not ___. ___ lit the way to the storeroom.
Euryclea; trustworthy; Athene
Penelope got the idea for the tournament of axes from ___.
Odysseus’ former archery practice
When Odysseus prayed for a clear sign from Zeus, Zeus thundered from a ___, and a ___ prayed aloud that this would be the suitors’ last day alive.
clear sky; miller-woman
___ would have strung the bow on his ___ try. ___’s deepest regret was that the suitors were unable to string the bow. ___ never tried to string the bow, but said they should try the next day.
Telemachus; 4th; Eurymachus; Antinous
___ was the first suitor to die. Odysseus likely shot him in the ___ because he was about to ___.
Antinous; throat; swallow his wine
Of 118 sutors and servants, ___ were sved by Telemachus because ___.
Phemius and Medon; they had been forced to serve the suitors
Athene ensured that Penelope and Odysseus could talk by ___.
resstraining Dawn
Agamemnon cited ___ as the example of constancy. He said her ___ and his ___ was the example of wickedness. Her name was ___.
Penelope; cousin; wife; Clytemnestra
___ killed Eupeithes, the father of Antinous. ___ both demanded a covenant of peace between Odysseus and the families of the suitors.
Laertes; Zeus and Athene
“Tell me, O ___, of that ingenious hero who travled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whos manners and customs he was acquanted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not have his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-good Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Zeus, from whatsoever source you may know them.
” ___ said this about ___.
Muse; Homer; Odysseus
“If Odysseus is the Man he then was, these suitors will have a short shrift and a sorry wedding. But there! It rests with heaven to determine whether he is to return, and take his revenge in his own house or no; I would, however, urge you to set about trying to get rid of these suitors at once.
” ___, disguised as ___, said this to ___.
Athene; Mentes; Telemachus
“I am not fond of crying while I am getting my supper. Morning will come in due course, and in the forenoon I care not how much I cry for those that are dead and gone. this is all we can do for the poor things. We can only shave our heads for them and wring the tears from our cheeks.
” ___ said this to ___.
Pisistratus; Menelaus
“May heaven grant you in all things your heart’s desire - husband, house, and a happy, peaceful home; for there is nothing better in this world than that man and wife should be of one mind in a house. It discomfits their enemies, makes the hearts of their friends glad, and they themselves know more about it than anyone.
” ___ said this to ___.
Odysseus; Nausicaa
“Firstly, then, I will tell you my name that you too may know it, and one day, if I outlive this time of sorrow, may become guests though i live so far away from all of you. I am ___ son of ___, renowned among mankind for all manner of subtelty, so that my fame ascends to heaven. I live in ___ where there is a high mountain called Neritum, covered with forests; and not far from it there is a group of islands very near to one another - Dulichium, Same, and the wooded island of Zacynthus. It lies squat on the horizon, all highest up in the sea towards the sunset, while the others like away from it towards dawn. It is a rugged island, but it breeds brave men, and my eyes know none that they better love to look upon.”
He said this to ___.
Odysseus; Laertes; Ithaca; the Phaeacians
“Come here, renowned Odysseus, honor to the Achaean name, and listen to our two voices. No one ever sailed past us without staying to hear the enchanting sweetness of our song - and he who listens will go on his way not only charmed, but wiser, for we know all the ills that the gods laid upon the Argives and Trojans before Troy, and can tell you everything that is going to hppen over the whole world.”
This is the ___.
Sirens’ song
“So you are come, ___, light of my eyes that you are. When I heard you had gone to Pylos I made sure I was never gong to see you any more. Come in, my dear child, and sit down, that I may have a good look at you now you are home again. It is not very often you come into the country to see us herdsmen; you stick pretty close to the town generally. I suppose you think it better to keep an eye on what the suitors are doing.”
___ said this.
Eumaeus
“May Zeus the king of heaven be my witness, and the rites of hospitality, with that hearth of Odyesseus to which I now come, that Odysseus himself is even now in Ithaca, and either going about the country or staying in one place, is inquiring into all these evil deeds and preparing a day of reckoning for the suitors. I saw an omen when Ii was on the ship which meant this, and I told Telemachus about it.”
___ said this to ___.
Theoclymenus; Penelope
“Man is the vainest of all creatures that have their being upon earth. As long as heaven vouchsafes him health and strength, he thinks that he shall come to no harm hereafter, and even when the blessed gods bring sorrow upon him, he bears it as he needs must, and makes the best of it; for God almight gives men their daily minds day by day. I know all about it, for I was a rich man once, and did much wrong in the stubborness of my pride, and in the confidence that my father and my brothers would support me. Therefore let a man fear God in all things, always, and take the good heaven may see fit to send him without vainglory. Consider the infamy of what these suitors are doing. See how they are wasting the estate, and doing dishonor to the wife, of one who is certain to return some day, and that, too, not long hence. Nay, he will be here soon. May heaven send you home quietly first that you may not meet with him in the day of his coming, for once he is here the suitors and he will not part bloodlessly.”
___ said this to ___.
Odysseus; Amphinomus
“Sweethearts, Odysseus is indded dead, still, do not press me to marry again immediately. Wait - for I would not have my skill in needlework perish unrecorded - till I have finished making a pall for the hero ___, to be ready against the time when death shall take him. He is very rich, whereon I used to keep working at my great web all day long, but at night I would unpick the stitches again by torch light. I fooled them in this way for three years without their finding it out, but as time wore on and I was no in my fourth year, in the waning of moons, and many days had been accomplished, those good-for-nothing hussies my maids betrayed me to the suitors, who broke in upon me and caught me; they were very angry with me, so I was forced to finish my work whether I would or no.”
___ said this to ___.
Laertes; Penelope; the beggar
“Unhappy men, what is it that ails you? There is a shroud of darkness drawn over you from head to foot, your cheeks are wet with tears. The air is alive with wailing voices; the walls and roof-beams drip blood; the gates of the cloisters and the court beyond them are full of ghosts trooping down into the night of hell. The sun is blotted out of heaven, and a blighting gloom is over all the land.”
___ said this to ___.
Theoclymenus; the suitors
“Cease shooting for the present and leave the matter to the gods, but in the morning let heaven give victory to whom it will. For the moment, however, give me the bow that I may prove the power of my hands among you all, and see whether I still have as much strenghth as I used to have, or whether travel and neglect have made an end to it.”
___ said this to ___.
Odysseus; the suitors
“Dogs, did you think that I should not come back from Troy? You have wasted my substance, have forced my womenservnts to lie with you, and have wooed my wife while I was still living. You have feared neither God nor man, and now you shall die.”
___ said this to ___
Odysseus; the suitors
“My dear, heaven has endowed you witha heart more unyielding than woman every yet had. No other woman could bear to keep away from her husband when he had come back to her after twenty hears of absence, and after having gone through so much.”
___ said this to ___.
Odysseus; Penelope
“Good heavens,” he exclaimed, “what a day I am enjoying! I do indeed rejoice at it. My son and grandson are vying with one another in the matter of valor.”
___ said this.
Laertes
