Books I-X Test Review Flashcards
the Sun-god and a Titan who is sometimes referred to as Helios
Hyperion
father of Penelope; brother of Tyndareus; uncle of Helen and Clytemnestra
Icarius
Trojan allies who live in Thrace in the city of Ismarus; Odysseus raids them
Cicones
daughter of Atlas; nymph on the island of Ogygia
Calypso
friend of Odysseus; placed as steward in charge of Odysseus’ household
Mentor
youngest son of Nestor who, like Telemachus is too young to fight at Troy
Pisistratus
old man of the sea; an immortal Egyptian who is able to change shape at will
Proteus
daughter of King Alcinous & Queen Arete who hopes to soon marry
Nausicaa
Laestrygonian king who eats Odysseus’ scout; his wife is a mountain-sized giantess
Antiphates
son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; kills Aegisthus and his mother in order to avenge his father’s death
Orestes
plain at the end of the world where virtuous heroes go at death
Elysium
favorite and oldest son of Alcinous; best-looking Phaeacian
Laodamas
clan of one-eyed giants who herd sheep and goats but have no farms or ships
Cyclopes
king of the Cyclopes; son of Poseidon and Thoosa whom Odysseus blinds
Polyphemus
Nausicaa’s parents names
Alcinous
goddess who lives on Aeaea; daughter to the Sun-god
Circe
relative of Odysseus; second in command of the men of Ithaca
Eurylochus
the famous Phaeacian bard
Demodocus
the name that Odysseus first tells to the Cyclops
Noman
prophet to whom Persephone grants understanding even in Hades
Teiresias
son of Eupeithes, Ithacan leader of the suitors; the suitor Penelope hates most
Antinous
son of Polybus; leading suitor and Ithacan
Eurymachus
son of Terpes; the reluctant musician for the suitors
Phemius
Odysseus’ childhood nurse who still serves in his house
Euryclea
father of Odysseus; former king of Ithaca
Laertes
___ was so angered by Odysseus injuring his son, ___ that he would not allow Odysseus to return home to Ithaca.
Poseidon; Polyphemus
Which two cities did Telemachus visit on the mainland of Greece?
Pylos and Sparta
How did Menelaus become so wealthy?
from his journey to Egypt
___ instructed Menalaus to get home by ___
Proteus; first going back to Egypt
What were some things going on in the house of Odysseus while Telemachus was away?
At first the suitors did not know Telemachus had left. When the realized Telemachus was gone, the suitors plotted his death. The suitors organized an ambush to kill Telemachus off of Ithaca upon his return.
Which god or goddess was sent by Zeus to inform Calypso to free Odysseus?
Hermes
Calypso’s main argument against releasing Odysseus included what two points?
It was fine for gods to marry mortals but it was bad for goddesses to marry mortals
What did Odysseus think Calypso was doing when she told him to go home to Ithaca?
tricking him
Where did Odysseus sleep on his first night in Scheria?
the woods
Nausicaa advised Odysseus to approach ___ when he came to the throne room of her father.
her mother
What did the king of the Phaeacians do when Odysseus begged for help?
treat him kindly, give him the seat of his favorite son, remove him from the hearth
How many years did Odysseus live on the Ogygian island?
8
Why were the Phaeacians struck by the appearance of Odysseus?
Athene made him taller, stouter, and better looking
What was the name of the Phaeacian bard whose epic songs made Odysseus cry?
Demodocus
Odysseus did what to impress the Phaeacians?
out-throw all Phaeacians by far, throw a discuss, pick up a massive discus
Odysseus praised the Phaeacians for being the best in the world at what?
dancing
Why did Odysseus linger in the cave of Polyphemus to see “the owner himself”?
He hoped to get a present
Polyphemus ate ___ Ithacan men, and Odysseus told him that his name was ___.
6; Noman
Where did Odysseus and his men have to go upon leaving Circe’s Island?
Hades to see the seer Teiresias
The disguised visitor, ___, gave the following instructions to Telemachus: ___
Athene; Call the Achaens in assembly and bid the suitors leave, send Penelope to her father if needed, go in quest of his father to Pylos and Sparta (if father is alive, wait 12 months; if dead, build a barrow), and kill the suitors.
Antinous said, “The gods seem to have given you a lesson in bluster and tall talking.” To whom was he saying this? Why?
He was speaking to Telemachus because he challenged the suitors openly and demanded they leave his house.
After Telemachus made his speech to the suitors, ___ childed him. What was this suitor’s argument for remaining in Odysseus’ house?
Penelope had encouraged the suitors with deceitful notes and promises to marry them. They would stay until she chose one of them.
Identify the four reasons that Telemachus could not force his mother to remarry.
1) His father was abroad, maybe alive/maybe dead. 2.) Icarius would exact a large fine at Penelope’s return. 3.0 Heaven would punish him when Penelope called on the furies. 4.) It would not be a praiseworthy thing to do.
When Telemachus and Menelaus got into a fight at Troy what were their stances?
Agamemnon wanted to make offerings to the gods while Menelaus wanted to sail for him.
How do we know that Nestor was extremely impressed that Telemachus was traveling with Athene?
Nestor said that Telemachus was going to be a great hero because the gods waited upon him while he was young.
Menelaus became so very wealthy by doing what?
getting riches on his 8-year journey from Troy
When ___ captured ___, what six shapes did he turn into before turning back into himself?
1.) lion 2.) dragon 3.) leopard 4.) boar 5.) running water 6.) tree
According to ___, Odysseus was a ___ ruler of his people.
Athene; fatherly
After the destruction of his raft, Odysseus floated in the water how long before reaching land.
3 days and 2 nights
Odysseus claimed that there was nothing better than what?
that man and wife should be of one mind in a house
Nausicaa advised Odysseus to approach ___ when he came to the palace. Why?
Queen Arete (her mother); Her mother might be persuaded by him.
Odysseus reached the main place without any members of the court noticing because…
Athene had hidden him in a thick cloud of darkness so that none of the Phaeacians could see him
When Odysseus asked King Alcinous not to scold his daughter for helping Odysseus, the king answered him by saying what?
he knew what kind of person Odysseus was and wanted him to marry his daughter, Nausicaa
___, the famous Phaeacian bard, was given ___ by the Muse, but the Muse robbed him of his ___.
Demodocus; a divine gift of song; eyesight
According to King Alcinous, the Phaeacians excelled in four sports. What were they?
boxing, wrestling, jumping, and running
Odysseus did NOT drive his sword into the vitals of the Cyclops, ___, as he slept for what reason?
Polyphemus; his men could never move the stone from the cave
Upon escaping from the Cyclops, Odysseus made the major mistake of what?
tuanting Polyphemus and giving him his real name
The wind given to Odysseus by Aeolus did NOT return Odysseus to Ithaca for what reason?
Odysseus fell asleep, and his men untied the bag of winds expecting treasure
Odysseus gave a severe reprimand to Eurylochus, almost ___ him, because he told the men not to do what?
killing; follow Odysseus to Circe’s house and their ruin
“Tell me, O ___, of that ingenious hero who travled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whos manners and customs he was acquanted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not have his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-good Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Zeus, from whatsoever source you may know them.”
___ said this about ___.
Muse; Homer; Odysseus
“If Odysseus is the Man he then was, these suitors will have a short shrift and a sorry wedding. But there! It rests with heaven to determine whether he is to return, and take his revenge in his own house or no; I would, however, urge you to set about trying to get rid of these suitors at once.
” ___, disguised as ___, said this to ___.
Athene; Mentes; Telemachus
“I often grieve, as I sit here in my house, and for one and all of them. At times I cry aloud for sorry, but presently I leave off again, for crying is cold comfort and one soon tires of it. Yet grieve for these as I may, I do so for one man more than for them all. I cannot even think of him without loathing booth food and sleep, so miserable does he make me, for no one of the Achaeans worked so hard or risked so much as he did. He took nothing by it, and has left a legacy of sorry to myself, for he has been gone a long time, and we know not whether he is alive or dead.”
___ said this to ___ and ___.
Menelaus; Telemachus; Pisistratus
“I am not fond of crying while I am getting my supper. Morning will come in due course, and in the forenoon I care not how much I cry for those that are dead and gone. this is all we can do for the poor things. We can only shave our heads for them and wring the tears from our cheeks.”
___ said this to ___.
Pisistratus; Menelaus
“May heaven grant you in all things your heart’s desire - husband, house, and a happy, peaceful home; for there is nothing better in this world than that man and wife should be of one mind in a house. It discomfits their enemies, makes the hearts of their friends glad, and they themselves know more about it than anyone.”
___ said this to ___.
Odysseus; Nausicaa
“Let us ask the stranger whether he excels in any of these sports. He seems very powerfully built; his thighs, calves, hands, and neck are of prodigious strenghth, nor is he at all old, but has suffered much lately, and there is nothing like the sea for making havoc with a man, no matter how strong he is.”
____ said this about ___ to ___.
Laodamus; Odysseus; Euryalus
“Firstly, then, I will tell you my name that you too may know it, and one day, if I outlive this time of sorrow, may become guests though i live so far away from all of you. I am ___ son of ___, renowned among mankind for all manner of subtelty, so that my fame ascends to heaven. I live in ___ where there is a high mountain called Neritum, covered with forests; and not far from it there is a group of islands very near to one another - Dulichium, Same, and the wooded island of Zacynthus. It lies squat on the horizon, all highest up in the sea towards the sunset, while the others like away from it towards dawn. It is a rugged island, but it breeds brave men, and my eyes know none that they better love to look upon.”
He said this to ___.
Odysseus; Laertes; Ithaca; the Phaeacians
