Final Review Flashcards
What are the allosteric inhibitors of hexokinase?
G-3-P (competitive) and ATP
What are the allosteric inhibitors of PFK-1?
ATP and citrate
What are the allosteric activators of PFK-1?
ADP, AMP, F-2,6-P
What are the allosteric inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
NAD+ (regulated by)
What are the allosteric inhibitors of pyruvate kinase?
Acetyl CoA and ATP
What are the allosteric activators of pyruvate kinase?
F-1,6-biphosphate + AMP
What type of enzyme is an aldolase?
Lyase
What type of enzymes is a kinase?
Transferase
What type of enzyme is a dehydrogenase?
Oxidoreductase
What type of enzyme is a mutase?
Isomerase
What type of enzyme is enolase?
Lyase
What are the three allosteric regulators of the TCA cycle?
- Citrate synthase
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What are the allosteric inhibitors of citrate synthase?
Succinyl-CoA, citrate, ATP, NADH
What are the allosteric inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase?
ATP and NADH
What are the allosteric activators of isocitrate dehydrogenase?
ADP and NAD+
What are the allosteric inhibitors of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase? What is the allosteric activator?
Inhibitors: NADH and succinyl COA
Activators: AMP
How many ATP molecules does one glucose molecule produce from the TCA cycle? How many CO2 molecules/glucose?
- 25 ATP/glucose
- 6CO2/glucose
What type of enzyme is citrate synthase?
Transferase
What type of enzyme is cis-Aconitase?
Lyase
What type of enzyme is succinyl-CoA synthetase?
Ligase
What type of enzyme is fumarase?
Lyase
How many carbon molecules do glucose, pyruvate, acetyl CoA, citric acid, and oxaloacetate have?
Glucose: 6 Pyruvate: 3 Acetyl CoA: 2 Citric acid: 6 Oxaloacetate: 4
Which step in glycolysis has a positive deltaG’o but a negative delta G?
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate dehydrogenase
What is fermentation?
The generation of NAD+ from NADH and H+
Where is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex located?
Matrix of the mitochondria
Where are the components for the TCA cycle contained?
Matrix of the mitochondria
Where are the components of the ETC contained?
Inner membrane
Which portion of the ATPase synthase structure rotates? Which undergoes conformational change?
Rotates: F0 (c-ring)
Change: F1
Is the electron transport chain made up of:
A) electron carriers with decreasing electron affinity.
B) electron carriers with increasing redox potential
C) electron carriers with decreasing oxidizing power.
B) electron carriers with increasing redox potential (increasing potential to acquire electrons)
What would an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation lead to?
Operation of the electron transport chain without ATP production.
Does the active site of an enzyme bind to the substrate of the reaction it catalyses more or less tightly than it does the transition state intermediate?
Less tightly
What happens to km when the concentration of enzyme increases?
Nothing
What movements are allowed in membrane proteins? What movements aren’t allowed?
Allowed: move laterally and rapidly within the plane of the bilayer.
Not allowed: Transverse movement of the lipids that make up the bilayer (colloquially known as flip-flop)
What is the cell membrane permeable to? Impermeable?
impermeable to most molecules other than small hydrophobic ones
- Impermeable to inorganic ions
- Small polar molecules require transporters
Does cholesterol act as a fluidity buffer in bacteria?
No, not contained in bacteria
Only acts as a fluidity buffer in mammals
The polar head group of cholesterol is what?
The hydroxyl group
Is a glycosidic bond covalent?
Yes
In ribonucleic acid polymer , the ribose rings in the polymer are linked to one another by:
- Phosphodiester linkage
- Sensitive linkage
What is a characteristic of the phosphodiester linkage?
Sensitive linkage
