Final Review

Question 1

Linguistic

Answer 1

Linguistic = the scientific study of language

Question 2

Study the sounds and sound pattern of language

Answer 2

Phonetics & Phonology

Question 3

Phonetics

Answer 3

• Is a branch of Linguistic

- The physical realization of the actual sounds that occurs in speech

Question 4

Phonology

Answer 4

The abstract or mental aspect of the sounds in language rather than the actual physical articulation of speech sounds

Question 5

Spelling

Answer 5

• Not reliable guide for pronounciation

- Usually have one written symbol for each spoken sound

Question 6

Phonetics Transcription

Answer 6

A graphic representation of speech sounds

Question 7

What do we transcribe?

Answer 7

• A continuous flow of noise

- Modulated by various speech organs like our vocal folds, our tongue, our teeth and others.

Question 8

Phoneme

Answer 8

• A phoneme is a contrastive sound or set of sounds within a specific language
• Phonemes are abstract mental units that represent sounds

Question 9

Phone

Answer 9

• Refer to any speech sound or gesture considered as a physical even without regard to its place in the phonology of a language
• A given sound may be a distinctive phoneme in one language but not in another

Question 10

Allophones

Answer 10

Phonetic forms that do not contrast (make a difference in meaning) are called allophones

Question 11

Speech Chain

Answer 11

• Speech is a process that involves different phases that are reliant and interlinked.
• 5 phases:
  1) Linguistic Level (Speaker Side)
  2) Physiological Level (Articulatory)
  3) Acoustic Level
  4) Physiological Level (Auditory)
  5) Linguistic Level (Listener Side)

Question 12

Articulatory Phonetics (physiological)

Answer 12

• The movements and combinations of the various vocal organs
• The oldest and most established subfield of phonetics
• Most useful to you: improve your English and others

Question 13

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Answer 13

Alphabet that represents actual sounds

Question 14

Why is our conception of how a word sounds usually wrong?

Answer 14

1. We hear the speech sounds of our native language in terms of what our brains tell them to hear, not just the actual speech sounds themselves.
2. We are influenced by being told how words are supposed to be pronounced. -Je suis [ʃy] vs. [ze syi]
3. We are influenced by the spelling of words. calm = [kam] without the /l/