Final review Flashcards
A governing system in which public decision making is delegated to representatives of the people chosen by popular vote in free, open, and periodic elections is a(n)
a. direct democracy
b. representative democracy
c. autocratic democracy
d. bureaucratic democracy
b. representative democracy
Which of the following is an essential purpose of any government:
a. resolution of conflicts among citizens
b. providing public services
c. providing for national defence
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
Political culture refers to
a. ways of organizing politically
b. factors that influence the way informal social organizations makes decisions
c. shared values, beliefs and attitudes about how the government should function
d. ways that artists, musicians, filmmakers, and cultural critics usse their message to influence political decision making
c. shared values, beliefs and attitudes about how the government should function
Government can best be defined as
a. the set of political principles and values that guide political life
b. the institutions and procedures by which a territory and its people are ruled
c. the institution which controls the receipt of tax revenues and disbursement of expenditures
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
b. the institutions and procedures by which a territory and its people are ruled
Conflicts among the generally accepted political ideals in america occur because
a. the ideals are general principles, not precise rules.
b. the ideals can tend to be somewhat at odds with one another.
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
c. both of the above
The American political culture includes all of the following core values except
a. liberty
b. equality
c. collectivism
d. democracy
c. collectivism
Which of the following is a potential consequence of a prolonged deterioration of public trust in government?
a. The government is unable to attract good workers into the public sector.
b. People are less willing to pay the taxes necessary for public services and activities
c. Distrust weakens government’s ability to help people in the time of crisis.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
Who said that the best government is the government that “governs least”?
a. Franklin Roosevelt
b. Abraham Lincoln
c. Thomas Jefferson
d. Lyndon Johnson
c. Thomas Jefferson
Examples of direct democracy procedures available at the federal level include
a. the initiative process
b. the referendum process
c. the recall process
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
e. none of the above
The statement, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,” can be found in
a. the Declaration of Independence
b. the U.S. Constitution
c. the Federalist Papers
d. the Civil Rights Act of 1964
a. the Declaration of Independence
The free exercise of religion clause allows government restrictions on the practice of religion
a. In any case where the government has a colorable interest
b. Only in cases where there is a compelling interest in protecting the health and safety of citizens
c. Only on prior approval by federal court
d. Only on a 2/3 vote of the legislature
b. Only in cases where there is a compelling interest in protecting the health and safety of citizens
The power of the government to take private property for public use is known as the right of
a. Eminent Domain
b. Stare decisis
c. Res ipsa loquitor
d. de facto ratification
a. Eminent Domain
The ___ has been interpreted quite strictly to create a virtual wall of separation between church and state.
a. free exercise clause
b. due process clause
c. establishment clause
d. full faith and credit clause
c. establishment clause
Miranda rights involve
a. the right to confront adverse witness
b. the right to subpoena witnesses
c. the right to a grand jury indictment in felones
d. the right against self-incrimination
d. the right against self-incrimination
citizens have a right to bear arms under the 2nd Amendment, and the exercise of this right
a. cannot be regulated by the government
b. may be regulated but not prohibited by federal and state governments
c. may be regulated only by the National Rifle Association
b. may be regulated but not prohibited by federal and state governments
The doctrine of ___ prevents government from advance censoring the publication of any speech or printed publication.
a. National security
b. Equal protection
c. no prior restraint
d. The right of rebuttal
d. The right of rebuttal
The constitutional right to an appointed attorney for an indigent in a criminal case
a. applies in any case where confinement is a possible sentence
b. includes the appointment of professional assistants to assist counsel
c. requires that the attorney be competent under prevailing standards
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
A law that declares an action to be illegal after it has already been committed is
a. an ex post facto law
b. a bill of attainder
c. a writ of habeas corpus
d. a post hoc ergo propter hoc law
a. an ex post facto law
In what case was a right of privacy first found in the Constitution?
a. Griswold v. Connecticut
b. Roe v. Wade
c. Baker v. Carr
d. Planned Parenthood v. Casey
a. Griswold v. Connecticut
the exclusionary rule
a. prohibits the admission in criminal trials of evidence obtained in violation of the constitution
b. prohibits convicted felons from voting
c. was a device used by Southern states to avoid the constitutional amendment guaranteeing the right to vote to blacks
d. the practice of prohibiting non-believers from attending religious ceremonies
a. prohibits the admission in criminal trials of evidence obtained in violation of the constitution
The process by which the Supreme Court has ruled that specific parts of the Bill of Rights protect citizens against actions by state and local government as well as the federal government is known as
a. the takings clause
b. federal encroachment
c. selective incorporation
d. res ipsa loquitor
c. selective incorporation
Since being first found to be constitutionally protected by the Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade, the right to an abortion has been
a. unchanged
b. overturned
c. upheld and expanded
d. upheld but narrowed in scope
d. upheld but narrowed in scope
an act that declares a person to be guilty of a crime without a trial is called
a. an ex post facto law
b. a bill of attainder
c. a letter marquee
d. a writ of habeas corpus
b. a bill of attainder
The writ of habeas corpus
a. can be suspended for any reason by a majority vote of Congress
b. cannot be suspended under any circumstances
c. can be suspended only in cases of invasion or rebellion
c. can be suspended only in cases of invasion or rebellion
Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment, a valid search warrant can be issued
a. only upon sworn application
b. only based upon facts sufficient to establish probable cause
c. only to search for items specifically identified
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following is an example of checks and balances?
a. the veto
b. approval of treaties
c. judicial review
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The writers of the Constitution devised the Electoral College as the method of choosing presidents because
a. the founders had a great deal of faith in the wisdom of the masses
b. the method would shield executive power from uninformed popular majorities
c. the method guaranteed a majority winner
d. the method would give weight to the preferences of ordinary people
b. the method would shield executive power from uninformed popular majorities
The constitution specifically grants Congress the power to do all of the following EXCEPT
a. borrow money
b. lay and collect taxes
c. declare war
d. charter a national bank
c. declare war
Judicial review is the power of the federal courts to
a. declare a law unconstitutional
b. suspend the writ of habeas corpus
c. impeach the president
d. give advisory opinions to Congress
a. declare a law unconstitutional
Shays’ rebellion
a. was a successful revolt
b. convinced many political leaders that the national government was too powerful
c. convinced many political leaders that the national government was too weak
d. reinforced public support for the articles of Confederation
c. convinced many political leaders that the national government was too weak
The “three-fifths compromise” was an effort to deal with one aspect of
a. the institution of slavery
b. the concerns of small states
c. apportionment of the U.S. Senate
d. the Electoral College
a. the institution of slavery
The Great Compromise produced
a. checks and balances
b. the abolition of slavery
c. a bicameral Congress
d. separation of powers
c. a bicameral Congress
Presidential appointments and treaties must be approved by
a. the State Department
b. only the president
c. the Senate
d. the Supreme Court
c. the Senate
Regarding the commerce power, which statement is incorrect?
a. The states may regulate interstate commerce
b. The national government may not regulate interstate commerce
c. commerce is to be unregulated by government
d. None of the above is correct
e. All of the above is correct
e. All of the above is correct
The expressed powers in Article I of the Constitution were intended to
a. limited the powers of state governments
b. ensure that neither small nor large states would be at a disadvantage
c. ensure that neither northern nor southern states would be at a disadvantage
d. define the lawful powers of the national government
d. define the lawful powers of the national government
The source of implied powers under the Constitution is the ___ clause
a. full faith and credit
b. necessary and proper clause
c. supremacy clause
d. the presentment clause
b. necessary and proper clause
The Tenth Amendment addressed the concerns of Antifederalist about
a. the meaning of the commerce clause
b. popular representation in Congress
c. preserving the powers of state governments
d. the Electoral College
c. preserving the powers of state governments
The allocation of powers and functions to the national and state governments under the United States Constitution is known as
a. confederation
b. intergovernmental relations
c. separations of powers
d. federalism
d. federalism
Implied powers under the necessary and proper clause allows
a. state governments to nullify federal laws
b. the national government to interpret its expressed powers broadly
c. for judicial review of acts for Congress
d. state governments to adopt inconsistent laws on police powers
b. the national government to interpret its expressed powers broadly
The federal government’s power to tax, regulate commerce among the states, and to declare war are all examples of ___ powers.
a. reserved
b. expressed
c. implied
d. concurrent
b. expressed
in key decisions early in the New Deal Era, the Supreme Court
a. invalidated key pieces of FDR’s “court-packing” proposal
b. upheld FDR’s “court-packing” proposal
c. ruled that segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment
d. ruled that public accommodations were part of interstate commerce
a. invalidated key pieces of FDR’s “court-packing” proposal
Under the Articles of Confederation
a. the president was more powerful than Congress
b. the senate was more powerful than the house of representatives
c. the Supreme Court was the most powerful institution of all
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
e. none of the above
At the Constitutional convention, the Virginia Plan proposed that the legislative body be composed
a. based solely on the geographical size of the state
b. of states with an equal number of votes
c. based solely on the population of the state
d. of two chambers, one based on population, the other on state equality
c. based solely on the population of the state
The constitutional principle of bicameralism refers to
a. the separation of powers between a legislative and an executive branch
b. the division of responsibility between the president and vice president
c. the creation of a Congress consisting of two chambers which must agree on any proposed laws
d. the division of the federal court system into a supreme court and inferior courts
c. the creation of a Congress consisting of two chambers which must agree on any proposed laws
An amendment to the constitution requires a vote of two thirds of the house and senate and
a. signature by the president and confirmation by the Supreme Court
b. ratification by the Constitutional Revision Commission
c. ratification by a majority vote of the voters in the ratification election
d. ratification by the legislatures of three fourths of the states
d. ratification by the legislatures of three fourths of the states
True or False
A presidential veto of a proposed constitutional amendment can be overridden by a two thirds vote of both chambers of Congress
False
True or False
The full faith and credit clause of the constitution requires that the federal government maintain a balanced budget
False
True or False
The federal and state governments share the power to levy and collect taxes
True
True or False
The three fifths compromise at the constitutional convention required that no more than three fifths of the states would be allowed to authorize slavery
False
True or False
Under the Articles of Confederation,the execution of any laws passed by Congress was left up to the discretion of the individual states
True
True or False
The United States Constitution creates a unitary form of government
False
True or False
Under the Constitution as originally adopted, the only federal officials who were not elected directly by the people were federal judges
False
True or False
Only the president is empowered to declare that a state of war exists between the United States and another country
False
True or False
Ratification of an amendment to the constitution requires an affirmative vote by three fourths of the members of the legislature of two thirds of the states
False
True or False
The Constitution limits federal judges to appointments for a term of ten years
False
True or False
Trust in the government has steadily improved since the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001
False
True or False
The Bill of Rights constitutes an important check on the power of the majority
True
True or False
In a constitutional government, formal and effective limits are placed on the power of the governmnet
True
True or False
Surveys reflect substantial recent improvements in the overall state of political knowledge of American citizens
False
True or False
The concept of limited government was first introduced into American political culture by Ronald Reagan
False
True or False
Citizens have a right to an appointed attorney in any criminal case
False
True or False
The right of a citizen to peacefully protest cannot be restricted by the government in any way
False
True or False
The provisions of the Fifth amendment regarding taking private property for public use without just compensation do not apply to state and local governments
False
True or False
The constitutional right to privacy is not specifically included in any provision of the constitution
True
True or False
Under the 4th Amendment any search conducted without a warrant is unconstitutional
False
True or False
Divided government at the national level has been a relative rarity since the 1950’s
False
True or False
The corporate takeover of news departments of television networks has meant that the news departments have become more concerned with ratings and advertising revenues
True
True or False
The National Committee of each major party is responsible for nominating all of the party’s candidates in all federal and state wide elections
False
True or False
When one political party dominates the political processes of a state voter interest and participation is tended to be decreased
True
True or False
States and localities often choose to hold key office elections in non-presidential election years to insulate their election races from the possible effects of the presidential campaign
True
True or False
Under the provisions of the Constitution, if no candidate for president receives a majority of the votes in the electoral college the election is decided by the House of Representatives
True
True or False
One of the key factors in determining whether an opinion poll is accurate is that the sample group was randomly selected
True
True or False
A person’s political views are set at a fairly young age and do not tend to be affected by increasing levels of education
False
True or False
Under the United States’ political system, public policy will always coincide with the state of public opinion
False
True or False
Most regulation and control of television and radio content is based at the local and state government levels
False
True or False
Article III of the Constitution requires that the Supreme Court consist of nine justices
False
True or False
A common tactic for interest groups to gain easier access to those in government is to employ former government officials as lobbyists
True
True or False
The term federal question jurisdiction refers to the Supreme Court procedures for answering hypothetical questions from executive branch agencies
False
True or False
No president has ever been removed from office as a result of conviction on impeachment charges
True
True or False
The Constitution gives Congress the power to determine the line of succession to the presidency after the president and vice president
True
True or False
Since the 1930s Congress has delegated far less authority to the president than in previous years
False
True or False
The constitution designates the vice president as the presiding officer of the Senate
True
True or False
The number of civilian employees of the federal government has roughly doubled in the last fifteen years
False
True or False
The termination of numerous federal agencies has resulted in a 28% decrease in the number of federal regulatory agencies since 1980
False
True or False
The distinguishing feature which has led Congress to create government corporations for some federal agencies is the ability of the agency to charge consumers directly for the services provided by that agency
True
The greatest reduction in the strength of “insiders” in the major political parties was
a. the national convention
b. the emergence of the primary election process to nominate candidates
c. the emergence of PACs
d. greater ease of voter registration
b. the emergence of the primary election process to nominate candidates
If a minor party begins to attract a significant following, it is almost certain that
a. the major parties will join together to attack the minority party
b. Congress will enact legislation to make it difficult for the minority party to get on
c. party in-fighting will tear it apart
d. the majority party will try to capture its supporters
d. the majority party will try to capture its supporters
Organizationally, the U.S. major parties are a. decentralized b. centralized c. d.
a. decentralized
The Democratic party coalition today includes all of the following groups except
a. women
b. African Americans
c. Latino Americans
d. the Christian coalition
d. the Christian coalition
A political party is different from other interest groups in that a political party
a. seeks to control the entire government by electing its members to office and thereby controlling the government’s personnel
b. seeks to control only limited, very specific, functions of government
c. is entirely nonprofit
d. has a much smaller membership
a. seeks to control the entire government by electing its members to office and thereby controlling the government’s personnel
What is the difference between an open and a closed primary?
a. you must pay a poll tax to vote in a closed primary
b. open primaries allow voters to split the ticket
c. in closed primaries, only registered members of a political party may vote to select that party’s candidates
d. there are no differences
c. in closed primaries, only registered members of a political party may vote to select that party’s candidates
In the United States today, which of the following statements regarding political party identification is true?
a. A much higher percentage of the population today identifies themselves as Democrats than in the 1950s
b. A much lower percentage of the population today identifies themselves as Republicans than in the 1950s
c. The relative percentages of the population identifying themselves as Republican or Democrat has not changed significantly since the 1950s
d. A higher percentage of voters today describe themselves as independents than in the 1950s
d. A higher percentage of voters today describe themselves as independents than in the 1950s
Throughout its history, at any given time American politics has been dominated by
a. one major political party
b. two major political parties
c. three or more major political parties
d. None of the above
b. two major political parties
Which of the following statements concerning third parties is false?
a. Third parties are usually short lived
b. Third parties which achieve any success usually have their programs adopted by one of the major parties
c. Third parties are guaranteed access to the ballot by the equal protection clause of the Constitution
d. Third parties usually arise when some significant groups does not feel that its interests are adequately represented by the existing parties
c. Third parties are guaranteed access to the ballot by the equal protection clause of the Constitution
A party’s ___ contains its philosophy, principles and policy proposals.
a. caucus
b. convention
c. executive committee
d. platform
d. platform
The powerful and often corrupt urban party organizations in the nineteenth and early twentieth century were called
a. political caucuses
b. political machines
c. political action committees
d. political conventions
b. political machines
Most presidential campaign money during the general election is spent on
a. maintaining a campaign staff
b. advertising on television
c. mass mailing of campaign literature
d. staging of personal appearances
b. advertising on television
If the winner of an election is whoever received the most votes, regardless of percentages, the candidates are competing under a
a. proportional representation system
b. plurality system
c. majority system
d. unitary system
b. plurality system
When a voter votes for only one political party, the voter is said to be engaged in ___ voting.
a. straight ticket
b. split ticket
c. single ticket
d. closed ticket
a. straight ticket
A cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government is called
a. conservatism
b. liberalism
c. libertarianism
d. an ideology
d. an ideology
An important reason that public policy and public opinion may not coincide in the United States is that
a. the American system of government includes arrangements such as an appointed judiciary that can produce policy decisions that may run contrary to prevailing popular sentiment
b. the American system of government was not designed to account for public opinion
c. the American system of government was designed to account for the needs and demands only of the elite
d. the American system of government does not regard public opinion as important
a. the American system of government includes arrangements such as an appointed judiciary that can produce policy decisions that may run contrary to prevailing popular sentiment
Which of the following agents of socialization provide most people with their initial orientation to politics?
a. peers
b. church
c. family
d. school
c. family
If a poll has a margin of error plus or minus 3%, and the poll indicates Candidate X has the support of 51% of the persons surveyed, then the survey expects that Candidate X will actually receive
a. between 51 and 54% of the vote
b. between 49 and 51% of the vote
c. between 48 and 54% of the vote
d. None of the above
c. between 48 and 54% of the vote
When a politician who uses polling data believes an issue is more important to people than it actually is, he or she has fallen victim to the
a. “bounce” effect
b. illusion of central tendency
c. illusion of saliency
d. bandwagon effect
c. illusion of saliency
The practice of using fake poll as a means of attempting to convey false information about a candidate is known as
a. random digit dialing
b. push polling
c. the illusion of saliency
d. the bandwagon effect
b. push polling
an electoral system in which seats in a legislative body are awarded to political parties based on the percentages of the total vote which the party received is known as
a. a plurality system
b. proportional representation
c. party identification
d. divided government
b. proportional representation
Which of the following best describes the relationship between government and the media in the United States today?
a. The government controls most of the media content through regulations and tightly controlled press briefings
b. The government owns, but does not control, the major sources of media
c. The government does not own but does regulate the ownership of broadcast media
d. Broadcast media are not regulated in the United States
c. The government does not own but does regulate the ownership of broadcast media
The FCC’s equal time requirement
a. includes the print media
b. prohibits broadcasters from selling advertising time to political candidates and denying it to their opponents on an equivalent basis
c. requires broadcasters to give free air time to the two major political parties
d. requires broadcasters to give time free to third party candidates equal to the time spent on Democrats and Republicans in the news programming
b. prohibits broadcasters from selling advertising time to political candidates and denying it to their opponents on an equivalent basis
The principal source of news and information about government for most Americans today is
a. television
b. newspapers
c. magazines
d. radio talk shows
a. television
When television networks and stations select stories to cover, the overriding bias is toward
a. stories involving the most important policy issues of the day
b. international and foreign policy issues
c. stories with biographical details about political figures
d. stories that will draw the largest audience and the highest ratings
d. stories that will draw the largest audience and the highest ratings
The process of allocating congressional seats among the fifty states after a census is called
a. redistricting
b. gerrymandering
c. redlining
d. reapportionment
d. reapportionment
Conference committees are
a. permanent and involve members from both the House and the Senate
b. permanent and have the power to write and propose a variety of legislation
c. temporary and are created to consider an issue that falls between the jurisdiction of the existing committees or to investigate a particular problem
d. temporary and are created to reach a compromise on differences in legislation passed regarding the same subject by the Senate and the House
d. temporary and are created to reach a compromise on differences in legislation passed regarding the same subject by the Senate and the House
In the United States Senate, there is no general time limit on debate nor any limit on the time any individual Senator may speak on a bill unless
a. the majority leader imposes limits
b. a majority of the Senators agree to impose limits
c. at least sixty of the Senators vote to impose limits
d. none of the above
c. at least sixty of the Senators vote to impose limits
In the House of Representatives, the ___ Committee allots the time for house debate and decides to what extent amendments can be proposed from the floor
a. ways and means
b. rules
c. appropriations
d. administrative procedures
b. rules
Which of the following statements regarding the sociological representation concept is correct?
a. The demographic makeup of the House is closely parallel to the population as a whole
b. The demographic makeup of the Senate is closely parallel to the population as a whole
c. Both of the above
d. none of the above
d. none of the above
Members of the House of Representatives serve a term of __ years and members of the Senate serve a term of __ years
a. 2;4
b. 4;6
c. 2;6
d. 4;4
c. 2;6
When compared to Senators, the frequency with which they must seek re-election makes members of the house
a. less responsive to the needs of the elites and local interest groups in the states they represent
b. more responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent
c. equally responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent
b. more responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent
The president has the power to appoint all of the following, with the approval of the Senate, EXCEPT
a. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
b. The Speaker of the House of Representatives
c. The Secretary of State
d. The Ambassador to France
b. The Speaker of the House of Representatives
Which of the following was overturned by the Supreme Court as an unconstitutional delegation of legislative powers?
a. veto
b. pocket veto
c. adjournment veto
d. line-item veto
d. line-item veto
The goal of the War Powers Resolution was to
a. compel a congressional declaration of war for every large scale military operation
b. end the Vietnam war
c. limit the power of the president to commit american forces to prolonged military action
d. cut off funding for all military actions undertaken without express Congressional authorization
c. limit the power of the president to commit american forces to prolonged military action
If the president wants to formalize foreign policy arrangements with a foreign country without the necessity of obtaining Senate ratification of a treaty, he or she would most likely
a. invoke executive privilege
b. make a secret treaty and not inform Congress
c. invoke the treaty powers of the War Powers Resolution
d. make an executive agreement with the head of the foreign nation
d. make an executive agreement with the head of the foreign nation
The president’s power of clemency under the constitution
a. must be based on a recommendation by the U.S. Department of justice
b. is subject to review by the Presidential Pardon and Commutation commission
c. can be overturned by a two thirds vote of both chambers of Congress
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
e. none of the above
Executive orders by the president
a. may be issued to interpret unclear areas in legislation passed by Congress
b. are limited to matters which will be completed in less than six months
c. may be used to reverse legislative enactments with which the president disagrees
d. can be used only in matters involving foreign policy
a. may be issued to interpret unclear areas in legislation passed by Congress
What is the origin of most federal bureaucracies?
a. Congress passes a law creating the agency
b. The cabinet secretary issues an order creating the bureau
c. The president issues an executive order
d. Most federal bureaucracies are created equal by article IV of the Constitution
a. Congress passes a law creating the agency
Before the Civil service Act of 1883, how were governmental jobs filled?
a. Positions were filled on the basis of merit
b. Positions were filled on the basis of seniority
c. Positions were filled by giving them to political supporters as a part of a spoiler system
d. Positions were filled by a personnel agency
c. Positions were filled by giving them to political supporters as a part of a spoiler system
Which of the following is a governmental corporation?
a. The Department of Defense
b. The Department of Agriculture
c. The Federal Bureau of Investigation
d. The U.S. Postal Service
d. The U.S. Postal Service
A bureau charged with putting restrictions and obligations on individuals or corporations in the private sector is called a ___ agency.
a. regulatory
b. fiscal
c. police
d. administrative
a. regulatory
The concept of devolution as a means of reducing the size and complexity of the federal bureaucracies involves
a. Reorganizing the federal bureaucracies and transferring personnel within the agencies
b. Hiring private consultants to advise the various agencies on methods for improving efficiency
c. Transferring responsibility for administration of programs from the federal level to state and local governments
d. Creating a Department of Personnel Management to oversee hiring and firing in all federal agencies
c. Transferring responsibility for administration of programs from the federal level to state and local governments
A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that, once achieved, cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a
a. collective good
b. right
c. entitlement
d. award
a. collective good
The monetary contributions of certain nonprofit organizations to political campaigns and political action committees which can be made without revealing the identities or exact contributions is known as
a. fraud
b. gravy
c. dark money
d. pork
c. dark money
What is the most important variable in determining the likelihood of an individual being a member of an interest group?
a. political ideology
b. income
c. region of the country
d. religion
b. income
According to federal lobbyist disclosure laws, which of the following are professional lobbyists requires to disclose?
a. the names of all government officials lobbied
b. the names of all parties on whose behalf the lobbyists have contacted governmental officials
c. the types of contacts and amounts expended in each contact with government officials
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
The practice of working in government and then working in lobbying shortly thereafter is known as
a. the free rider problem
b. the revolving door
c. an iron triangle
d. the swinging pendulum
b. the revolving door
The situation where individuals will get the benefits of successful action by an interest group on behalf of a cause even if they do not participate or contribute is called
a. the disincentive factor
b. the free - rider problem
c. the special interest paradox
d. the uncertainty factor
b. the free - rider problem
Among the constitutional requirements for becoming a federal judge are
a. a valid license to practice law
b. actual legal or judicial experience of at least five years
c. being at least 25 years of age
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
e. none of the above
