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PARA 1027 TRAUMA > Final review 2 > Flashcards

Final review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

skin main role

A

maintaining homeostasis

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2
Q

what part of the skin contains melanin

A

the epidermis

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3
Q

this part of the skin contains sweat glands, collagen and elastin

A

dermis

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4
Q

what happens to hair when it burns

A

it melts

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5
Q

this part of the skin is composed mostly of adipose tissue

A

the subcutaneous layer

it insulates and cushions the organs

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6
Q

thermal burns happen in temperatures greater then…

A

44C

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7
Q

thermal burns

A

caused by a fire or other heat sources

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8
Q

flame burns

A

a type of thermal burn caused by an open flame

deep burn

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9
Q

scald burn

A

a type of thermal burn caused by hot liquids

can spread quickly

usually accidental

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10
Q

contact burns

A

coming into contact with hot objects

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11
Q

steam burns

A

can produce a scald burn

common when microwaving food

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12
Q

burns from lightning

A

flash burns

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13
Q

burn shock

A

affects the whole body as a result of fluid loss and loss of electrolytes

develops 6-8 hours after the initial burn

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14
Q

why does burn shock occur

A

because of fluid loss out of the body and fluid loss within the body

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15
Q

majority of deaths from fires are due to…

A

inhalation of toxic gases, upper airway compromise or pulmonary injuries

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16
Q

common cause of CO exposure is…

A

running a small engine in a garage or basement

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17
Q

if someone feels like crap at home but feels fine at work what could be a differential diagnosis

A

CO poisoning

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18
Q

most people have _% of CO attached to their hemoglobin

A

2

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19
Q

common CO vitals

A

normal SPO2

cherry red skin

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20
Q

some tips with chemical burns

A

if its a powder brush it out

wash very well when you think you are good wash it again

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21
Q

important info to get with chemical burns

A

chemical involved

duration/amount of exposure

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22
Q

most common type of electric burn

A

a contact burn

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23
Q

what wound is more severe in electrical injuries entrance or exit?

A

exit wounds

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24
Q

tips to avoid lightning injuries

A

don’t be the tallest object in an area

don’t stand under tall conductors

take shelter

avoid touching conductors during a storm

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25
Q

lighting injuries tend to resemble _____ injuries

A

blast

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26
Q

3 types of radiation

A

alpha
beta
gamma

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27
Q

alpha radiation

A

stopped by the skin

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28
Q

beta radiation

A

stopped by clothes

29
Q

gamma radiation

A

can do whatever the fuck it wants

30
Q

if someone with a radiation burn vomits its generally a good sign t/f?

A

T!

31
Q

3 types of electric burns

A

flame
lighting
flash

32
Q

common chief complaint with burns

A

im cold

33
Q

burns with __% TBSA are usually fatal

A

70%

34
Q

burns and radiation with __% TBSA are usually fatal

A

30%

35
Q

burn general assessment

A

ABC’s
then burn care
STOP THE BURNING

36
Q

t/f it is a good idea to use ice on a burn?

A

F!

after cooling the burns with water keep the patient warm

37
Q

what kind of dressings for burns

A

dry

38
Q

full thickness burn dressings

A

dry ones

39
Q

most essential skill when treating chemical burns

A

speed

40
Q

most important step when dealing with tar burns is..

A

flush it with water once its cool it doesn’t cause damage

41
Q

children or adults need more fluids for burns?

A

children

42
Q

how many meninges cover the brain and what are they

A

3

dura
arachnoid
pia matter (deepest)

43
Q

epidural hematoma involves what part of the brain

A

the temporal lobe

pmh of changing LOC

arterial blood

between skull/dura matter

44
Q

space between the dura and the arachnoid matter

A

the subdural space rupture of the veins in this area results in a subdural hematoma

45
Q

space between the arachnoid and the pia matter

A

subarachnoid space

contains cerebral vessels

bleeding here is called a subarachnoid hematoma

46
Q

3 main brain regions

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brain stem

47
Q

the brain receives __% of the hearts CO

A

14

48
Q

how many cranial nerves?

A

12

49
Q

CN 3

A

pupils

50
Q

CPP formula

A

CPP = MAP - ICP

51
Q

what is CPP

A

cerebral perfusion pressure

it is the amount of pressure available to push blood through the brain

52
Q

average CPP

Average ICP

A

70 - 80 mmHg

10 - 15 mmHg

53
Q

pressure formula

A

pressure = flow x resistance

54
Q

brain herniation usually takes place in the _____ ______

A

foramen magnum

55
Q

possible findings on patients with brain herniation

A

decorticate posturing snd decerebrate posturing

56
Q

respiratory findings with brain herniation

A

cheyne stokes respirations

periods of apnea

57
Q

bodies response to brain herniation

A

tissues become hypoxic to overcome ICP the body increases the BP

58
Q

CN 10 is known as the…

A

vagus nerve

59
Q

3 contents that can increase ICP

A

swelling
bleeding
CSF accumulation

60
Q

the endless ICP cycle

A 
increased ICP
decreases CPP
decreasing CBF
causing ischemia 
increasing cerebral edema
increasing tisse pressure 
increasing ICP
61
Q

what happens when ICP - MAP

A

cerebral blood flow ceases

62
Q

hyphema

A

blood in the globe of the eye

63
Q

most common face fracture

A

nasal fracture

64
Q

hall mark sign of a concussion

A

amnesia

65
Q

secondary impact syndrome

A

getting a second concussion when you already have one

66
Q

4 types of intracranial hematomas

A

epi
sub
subarachnoid
intracerebral

67
Q

subdural hematoma

A

venous blood
more common then epidural hematomas
blood collects in the subdural space

68
Q

primary injuries of the brain

A

skull fracture
concussion
brain contusion

PARA 1027 TRAUMA (18 decks)

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