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PARA 1027 TRAUMA > Final review 2 > Flashcards

Final review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

skin main role

A

maintaining homeostasis

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2
Q

what part of the skin contains melanin

A

the epidermis

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3
Q

this part of the skin contains sweat glands, collagen and elastin

A

dermis

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4
Q

what happens to hair when it burns

A

it melts

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5
Q

this part of the skin is composed mostly of adipose tissue

A

the subcutaneous layer

it insulates and cushions the organs

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6
Q

thermal burns happen in temperatures greater then…

A

44C

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7
Q

thermal burns

A

caused by a fire or other heat sources

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8
Q

flame burns

A

a type of thermal burn caused by an open flame

deep burn

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9
Q

scald burn

A

a type of thermal burn caused by hot liquids

can spread quickly

usually accidental

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10
Q

contact burns

A

coming into contact with hot objects

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11
Q

steam burns

A

can produce a scald burn

common when microwaving food

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12
Q

burns from lightning

A

flash burns

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13
Q

burn shock

A

affects the whole body as a result of fluid loss and loss of electrolytes

develops 6-8 hours after the initial burn

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14
Q

why does burn shock occur

A

because of fluid loss out of the body and fluid loss within the body

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15
Q

majority of deaths from fires are due to…

A

inhalation of toxic gases, upper airway compromise or pulmonary injuries

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16
Q

common cause of CO exposure is…

A

running a small engine in a garage or basement

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17
Q

if someone feels like crap at home but feels fine at work what could be a differential diagnosis

A

CO poisoning

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18
Q

most people have _% of CO attached to their hemoglobin

A

2

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19
Q

common CO vitals

A

normal SPO2

cherry red skin

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20
Q

some tips with chemical burns

A

if its a powder brush it out

wash very well when you think you are good wash it again

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21
Q

important info to get with chemical burns

A

chemical involved

duration/amount of exposure

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22
Q

most common type of electric burn

A

a contact burn

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23
Q

what wound is more severe in electrical injuries entrance or exit?

A

exit wounds

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24
Q

tips to avoid lightning injuries

A

don’t be the tallest object in an area

don’t stand under tall conductors

take shelter

avoid touching conductors during a storm

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25
lighting injuries tend to resemble _____ injuries
blast
26
3 types of radiation
alpha beta gamma
27
alpha radiation
stopped by the skin
28
beta radiation
stopped by clothes
29
gamma radiation
can do whatever the fuck it wants
30
if someone with a radiation burn vomits its generally a good sign t/f?
T!
31
3 types of electric burns
flame lighting flash
32
common chief complaint with burns
im cold
33
burns with __% TBSA are usually fatal
70%
34
burns and radiation with __% TBSA are usually fatal
30%
35
burn general assessment
ABC's then burn care STOP THE BURNING
36
t/f it is a good idea to use ice on a burn?
F! after cooling the burns with water keep the patient warm
37
what kind of dressings for burns
dry
38
full thickness burn dressings
dry ones
39
most essential skill when treating chemical burns
speed
40
most important step when dealing with tar burns is..
flush it with water once its cool it doesn't cause damage
41
children or adults need more fluids for burns?
children
42
how many meninges cover the brain and what are they
3 dura arachnoid pia matter (deepest)
43
epidural hematoma involves what part of the brain
the temporal lobe pmh of changing LOC arterial blood between skull/dura matter
44
space between the dura and the arachnoid matter
the subdural space rupture of the veins in this area results in a subdural hematoma
45
space between the arachnoid and the pia matter
subarachnoid space contains cerebral vessels bleeding here is called a subarachnoid hematoma
46
3 main brain regions
cerebrum cerebellum brain stem
47
the brain receives __% of the hearts CO
14
48
how many cranial nerves?
12
49
CN 3
pupils
50
CPP formula
CPP = MAP - ICP
51
what is CPP
cerebral perfusion pressure it is the amount of pressure available to push blood through the brain
52
average CPP Average ICP
70 - 80 mmHg 10 - 15 mmHg
53
pressure formula
pressure = flow x resistance
54
brain herniation usually takes place in the _____ ______
foramen magnum
55
possible findings on patients with brain herniation
decorticate posturing snd decerebrate posturing
56
respiratory findings with brain herniation
cheyne stokes respirations periods of apnea
57
bodies response to brain herniation
tissues become hypoxic to overcome ICP the body increases the BP
58
CN 10 is known as the...
vagus nerve
59
3 contents that can increase ICP
swelling bleeding CSF accumulation
60
the endless ICP cycle
``` increased ICP decreases CPP decreasing CBF causing ischemia increasing cerebral edema increasing tisse pressure increasing ICP ```
61
what happens when ICP - MAP
cerebral blood flow ceases
62
hyphema
blood in the globe of the eye
63
most common face fracture
nasal fracture
64
hall mark sign of a concussion
amnesia
65
secondary impact syndrome
getting a second concussion when you already have one
66
4 types of intracranial hematomas
epi sub subarachnoid intracerebral
67
subdural hematoma
venous blood more common then epidural hematomas blood collects in the subdural space
68
primary injuries of the brain
skull fracture concussion brain contusion

PARA 1027 TRAUMA (18 decks)

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