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PARA 1027 TRAUMA > Final review > Flashcards

Final review Flashcards

1
Q

WBGT means…

A

wet bulb globe temp

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2
Q

lighting vs high voltage electrical injuries

A

lightning is direct current

flashover current

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3
Q

lightning strike categories

A

minor
moderate
severe

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4
Q

this type of trauma can cause bleeding in the alveoli

A

blunt

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5
Q

aphasia

A

cannot speak usually from stroke or head trauma

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6
Q

rib fracture treatment

A 
O2
pain meds?
deep breaths
sling arm on affected side?
chest movement
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7
Q

flail chest can be accompanied by…

A

pulmonary contusion

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8
Q

drowning types

A

submersion

immersion

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9
Q

time to get out of water before hypothermia

A

10 minutes

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10
Q

long term immersion

A

greater than 10 minutes

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11
Q

water rescue techniques

A

reach
throw
tow
row

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12
Q

struggling generates more heat which is good or bad?

A

can be bad because then we lose more heat

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13
Q

scuba down vs up

A

down squeeze

up overfill

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14
Q

submersion

A

everything under

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15
Q

immersion

A

water has splashed over face and airway creating risk of aspiration

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16
Q

for ever _ child who drowns _ survive

A

1

3

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17
Q

another name for barotrauma

A

squeeze

sinuses/gas filled cavities

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18
Q

most common diving injury

A

middle ear squeeze

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19
Q

organs in abdomen that bleed the most

A

solid so liver/spleen

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20
Q

common penetrating

A

gunshot

stab wounds

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21
Q

stab wounds in the abdomen are most likely to damage the…

A

liver

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22
Q

gun shot wounds in the abdomen are most likely to damage the…

A

small intestine

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23
Q

abdomen is divided into the…

A

peritoneal cavity

retroperitoneal space

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24
Q

organs in the peritoneal cavity (true abdomen)

A 
spleen
liver
gall bladder
stomach 
transverse/sigmoid LI
jejunum/ileum SI
uterus/ovaries
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25
Q

organs in the retroperitoneal space

A 
kidneys
ureters
IVF
AA
pancreas
duodenum
rectum
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26
Q

good MVC questions

A

type of collision
speed
vehicle damage
use of safety devices

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27
Q

good penetrating trauma questions

A 
weapon used
number of injuries 
distance from gun
blood loss
PMH
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28
Q

important thing to look for in anaphylaxis call

A

stingers if bee sting

uses scissors to scrape them out

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29
Q

3 reasons for dehydration in the cold

A

cold induced diuresis (vasoconstriction)
sweat evaporation
heat/fluid loss from dry air

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30
Q

another name for solar keratitis

A

snow blindness

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31
Q

what are chilblains

A

nonfreezing cold injury that presents as itchy/tender skin lesions

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32
Q

NFCI injury categories

A

minimal
mild
moderate
severe

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33
Q

skin freezing temp

A

-2.2 not 0 because of the electrolytes

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34
Q

clear fluid blisters occur in what types of frost bite

A

1 and 2

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35
Q

hemorrhagic blisters occur in what type of frost bite

A

3 and 4

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36
Q

if transport is over 2 hours how hot is the water when treating frost bite

A

37-39C

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37
Q

hypothermia is core temp of __ and under

A

35C

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38
Q

important vital to check on hypothermic patients

A

BGL especially if patient is intoxicated

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39
Q

mild hypothermia

A

35-32C

shivering

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40
Q

moderate hypothermia

A

32-28C
shivering stops
brad HR/RR
confusion

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41
Q

severe hypothermia

A

28-24C
coma
weak pulse
slow resp

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42
Q

profound

A

under 24
dead as hell
cardiac arrest

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43
Q

hypothermia treatment

A

prevent heat loss

remove from cold source

remove wet clothing

BGL

give warm fluids

high flow O2

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44
Q

hypothermia fluid temp when rewarming

A

42.8C

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45
Q

wound healing initial response

A

vessels release a chemical to constrict so less blood passes through the open wound

chemicals also attract platelets which form a platelet plug

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46
Q

t/f capillaries lack smooth muscle

A

T!

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47
Q

steps in wound healing

A

inflammation
epithelialization
neovascularization
collagen synthesis

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48
Q

what areas heal slower

A

areas subjected to repeated motion

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49
Q

high risk wounds

A

bites

foreign body/organic matter in open wounds

50
Q

3 types of wound closure

A

primary - closed right away
secondary - natural healing
tertiary - closed later

51
Q

when should most open injuries be closed

A

6-8 hours after it occurred at the latest

52
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

flesh eating disease
death of tissue from a bacterial infection

usually from streptococcus

very painful

53
Q

closed wound

A

no break in the epidermis

contusion/ecchymosis

hematomas/edema

54
Q

open wounds

A

disruption of the epidermis

more serious

contaminated/vulnerable to infection

potential for blood loss

55
Q

abrasions

A

skin is rubbed/scraped over a rough surface

ooze/painful

don’t clean out just cover with some sterile dressing

56
Q

what generally heals better an incision or a laceration

A

incision as they are usually clean cuts / even wound margins

57
Q

priority when treating lacerations

A

controlling the bleed

58
Q

things to keep in mind with puncture wounds

A

internal bleeding/infection

consider the depth/speed of insertion

59
Q

things to consider with avulsions

A

if the flap is in a position where it is losing its blood supply apply some normal saline and put in back in position

60
Q

compartment syndrome

A

when hemorrhage/edema built up causing increased pressure within soft tissues

high risk with crush injuries

61
Q

treatment for closed wounds PRICED

A 
protect
rest
ice
compression
elevate
drugs
62
Q

open wound treatment

A

control the bleeding
expose the injury
wash out debris (no picking it out)
cover with dry sterile dressing

63
Q

how long until its called crush syndrome

A

when a part of the body is trapped for 4 hours

64
Q

primary blast injuries

A

when the explosion first occurs

pressure wave develops

65
Q

secondary blast injuries

A

blunt/penetrating wounds from flying debris

blast wind

66
Q

tertiary blast injuries

A

injuries from being thrown on the ground or on other substances

displacement of the people involved

67
Q

quaternary blast injuries

A

from burns

68
Q

quinary blast injuries

A

chemicals

69
Q

most common cause of shock

A

bleeding

70
Q

hemorrhage means

A

bleeding

71
Q

external hemorrhage

A

bleeding due to a break in the skin

72
Q

capillary bleeds….

A

ooze

73
Q

venous bleeds….

A

flow

74
Q

artery bleeds…

A

spurt (less likely to clot)

75
Q

internal hemorrhage

A

can be hard to diagnose

pay attention to pain/tenderness/tach/pale

good MOI assessment

76
Q

controlled hemorrhage

A

responds to pressure

77
Q

uncontrolled hemorrhage

A

peptic ulcer

78
Q

blood volume is between _% to _% of our body weight

A

6 to 8

79
Q

the body cannot tolerate the loss of more then __% of its total blood volume

A

20% (1L)

80
Q

male blood per kilo

female blood per kilo

A

70ml/kg

65ml/kg

81
Q

1 year old total blood volume

A

800mls

82
Q

bleeding treatment

A 
supine
hemostatic
high flow O2
tourniquet
direct pressure
IV maintain 80-90 systolic
83
Q

trauma triad of death

A

hypothermia
coagulopathy (poor blood clotting)
acidosis

84
Q

managing an external hemorrhage

A

apply direct pressure
elevate above heart (unless fractured)
apply pressure dressing
tourniquet if needed

85
Q

what to do if you suspect a skull fracture?

A

lightly cover the head

86
Q

manage internal hemorrhage

A 
supine
O2
splint as needed
keep warm
large bore 250 bolus
pain meds
monitor/reassess
87
Q

what happens if blood flow stops?

A

O2 delivery os disrupted
anaerobic metabolism
no where to eliminate waste

88
Q

where is the heart located?

A

behind the sternum

89
Q

how long does it take an artery to clot

A

5ish minutes

90
Q

what happens to vessels when they are lacerated?

A

the open ends begin to narrow

91
Q

what type of trauma is harder to diagnose

A

blunt

92
Q

what type of trauma is more lethal

A

blunt

93
Q

greatest concern with a pelvic fracture

A

internal haemorrhage

94
Q

closed fracture

A

skin is not open to the bone

95
Q

open fracture

A

skin is opened up and bone can be sticking out

96
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation/infection of the bone can be a result with bacteria getting into open fractures

97
Q

first consideration when treating fractures

A

control the hemorrhage/treat for shock

98
Q

type of wound coverage for exposed bone/open fractures

A

moist sterile dressing

99
Q

best position for splinting

A

anatomical position

100
Q

things to remember when splinting

A

add padding
remove things like jewelry
check distal pulses
consider elevating

101
Q

a dislocation in a separation of 2 ____ at the joint

A

bones

102
Q

traction splints are most commonly used for…

A

femur shaft fractures

maintain in line traction to help realign fractures

103
Q

formable splints are most commonly used for…

A

ankle, wrist and long bone injuries

104
Q

rigid splints are most commonly used for…

A

long bone injuries

these types of splints can’t be moved/bent

105
Q

management of dislocations

A

should be splinted in the position found

106
Q

multisystem trauma patients

A

use the backboard

life takes precedence over limb

107
Q

what is compartment syndrome

A

occurs when blood supply is cut off to an extremity due to increased pressure in the limb

108
Q

2 most common causes of compartment syndrome

A

hemorrhage from a fracture/vascular injury

third space edema when a once ishemic muscle is reprofused

109
Q

early signs of compartment syndrome

A

pain that doesn’t resolve with treatment

altered sensation

110
Q

3 classic signs of compartment syndrome

A

pulselessness
pallor
paralysis

111
Q

T/F elevation is needed when suspecting compartment syndrome

A

F!

112
Q

brown sequard syndrome

A

hemi transection involving 1 side

113
Q

central cord syndrome

A

hyperextension of the cervical area

114
Q

anterior cord syndrome

A

from boney fragments or pressures of the anterior spinal cord

115
Q

contraindications to realigning the head into a neutral line position

A 
resistance 
muscle spasm in neck
increased pain
airway compromise 
neuro deficits ex tingling
116
Q

spinal injuries are more common in….

A

men aged 16 - 35

117
Q

most common spinal injury cause

A 
MVC
falls 
penetrating injuries
sport injuries 
other...
118
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

ascending

pain and temp on different sides

119
Q

posterior columns

A

ascending
postion/vibration
same side

120
Q

pyramidal tract

A

descending
motor function
same side

121
Q

pancreas exocrine part function

A

secrete digestive enzymes

122
Q

small intestine parts

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

PARA 1027 TRAUMA (18 decks)

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