Final Review

Question 1

What is a sentence complement? Give the four complements.

Answer 1

A complement is one or more words in the predicate that complete the meaning of the subject and verb. The four complements are predicate nominative, predicate adjective, direct object, and indirect object.

Question 2

What parts of speech are NOT complements?

Answer 2

Adverbs and prepositional phrases are not complements.

Question 3

Define predicate nominative. Give an example.

Answer 3

A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linkin verb and renames the subject.

Ex. Wilbur is a pig.

Question 4

Define predicate adjective. Give an example.

Answer 4

A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject.

Ex. Wilbur is tired.

Question 5

What question does the predicate nominative or predicate adjective answer?

Answer 5

The predicate nominative or adjective answers the question what or who after a linking verb.

Question 6

What is a linking verb?

Answer 6

A linking verb connects the subject with a noun or ajdective in the predicate. It shows being, not action.

Question 7

What is the most common linking verb?

Answer 7

The to be verb is the most common linking verb.

Question 8

Forms of the to be verb may be used as linking or helping verbs. Give an example of each.

Answer 8

Ex. 1 Wilbur is a pig. (linking verb)

Ex. 2 Wilbur is walking to the barn (heping verb for main verb, walking)

Question 9

What verbs in addition to the to be verb can be linking verbs?

Answer 9

appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem smell, sound, stay, taste​

Question 10

Use smell as an action verb and a linking verb.

Answer 10

Jane smells the rose. (action verb)

The rose smells wonderful. (linking verb)

Question 11

Define direct object. Give an example.

Answer 11

A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.

Ex. The magister teaches Latin.

Question 12

What question does a direct object answer?

Answer 12

The direct object answers the question what or whom after an action verb.

Question 13

What is a complementary infinitive? Give an example.

Answer 13

A complementary infinitive is an infinitive used as a direct object.

Ex. Wilbur loves to learn. Wilbur wants to eat.

Question 14

What is an indirect object? Give an example.

Answer 14

An indirect object precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done.

Ex. 1 The magister teaches me Latin.

Ex. 2 The magister gives John a test.

Question 15

What kind of verbs usually have indirect objects?

Answer 15

Giving and telling verbs usually have indirect objects.

Question 16

Give five difficulties in finding the subject, with examples.

Answer 16

a. When sentences express a command or request, the subject is always you.

Ex. Study your Latin

(You) study your Latin.

b. To find a subject in a question, turn the question into a statement.

Ex. What lesson did you study?

You did study what lesson?

subect: you verb: did study

c. The subject of a sentence is never a propositional phrase.

Ex. Neither of the students studied his Latin.

Neither is the subject. Students is the object of the preposition of.

d. Here is not usually the subject of a verb.

Ex. Here is the book.

The book is here.

Here is an adverb telling where. Book is the subject of the verb is.

e. The expletives there and it are not usually subjects of a verb.

Ex. 1 There are books on both tables.

Books are on both tables.

Books is the subject of the verb are. There gets the sentence started.

Ex. 2 It is important to study Latin.

To study Latin is important.

To study is the subject of the verb is. It gets the sentence started.

Question 17

Give the eight kinds of pronouns in pairs.

Answer 17

Personal and Possessive

Intensive and Reflexive

Relative and Interrogative

Demonstrative and Indefinite

Question 18

Many pronouns can also function as what part of speech?

Answer 18

Many pronouns also function as adjectives.

Question 19

Give the pronoun forms of the possessive pronoun.

Answer 19

mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs

Question 20

Give the adjective forms of the possessive pronouns.

Answer 20

my, your, his, her, its, our, your their

Question 21

What is a transitive verb? Give examples.

Answer 21

A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning.

Ex. 1 John ignored the insult.

Ex. 2 John completed his lesson.

Question 22

What is an intransitive verb? Give examples.

Answer 22

An intransitive verb does not require a direct object to complete its meaning.

Ex. sleep, laugh, look die, and the to be verb are always intransitive.

Question 23

Many verbs can be used both transitively and intransitively. Give examples.

Answer 23

Ex. 1 I eat pizza. transitive, pizza is a direct object.

Ex. 2 I eat every day. intransitive, every day is an adverb, not a direct object.

Question 24

What is the difference between the active and passive voice?

Answer 24

In the active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb.

Question 25

Change a sentence from active to passive voice.

Answer 25

Caesar conquered the Gauls. (active)

The Gauls were conquered by Caesar. (passive)

Question 26

When is the passive voice used? Give an example.

Answer 26

The passive voice is used when the doer of the action is unknown, concealed, or less important than the receiver of the action.

Ex. 1 The cookies were taken from the cookie jar.

Ex. 2 Rome was not built in a day.

Question 27

Give examples of nouns used as adverbs.

Answer 27

Ex. 1 I walked yesterday.

Ex. 2 I will walk Sunday.

Question 28

What is a common way of forming adverbs? Give an example.

Answer 28

Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to an adjective.

Ex. slow (adjective) He is slow.

Ex. slowly (adverb) He walks slowly.

Question 29

Adverbs of degree modify adjectives and other adverbs. Give examples.

Answer 29

very, so, too, really, rather, quite, especially

Ex. 1 Charlotte is very loyal. very modifies the adjective loyal.

Ex. 2 Wilbur walks quite slowly. quite modifies the adverb slowly.

Question 30

What is a conjunction?

Answer 30

A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses.

Question 31

What are the three kinds of conjunctions?

Answer 31

The three kinds of conjunctions are coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunctions.

Question 32

What are coordinating conjunctions?

Answer 32

The coordinating conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance. The coordinating conjunctions can be remembered by the acronym FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

Question 33

What are correlative conjunctions? Give examples.

Answer 33

The correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance.

either … or neither … nor

both … and not only … but (also)

whether … or