Final Review

Question 1

Elections of 1796 and 1800

Answer 1

1796:
Republicans:
Thomas Jefferson - President
Aaron Bur - Vice president

Federalists:
John Adams - President
Thomas Pinckney - Vice President

John Adams was as President, and Thomas Jefferson as Vice. It made it hard because they were from two different Political parties.

1800:
Republicans backed Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr for Vice President. Federalists backed John Adams for president. Jefferson and Burr each received 73 electoral votes. It was a tie.. The house of Reps decided after 4 days and 36 votes… Jefferson became the president and Burr became Vice.

Question 2

Washingtons foreign policy

Answer 2

The United States should remain independent from disputes between other nations. Do not take an active role in international affairs.

Question 3

Louisiana Purchase - Who was involved, detail?

Answer 3

We purchased Louisiana from France because Bonaparte (Leader of France) needed money for his costly wars in Europe.

Question 4

Lewis and Clark expedition ( Significance of Sacagawea).

Answer 4

Expedition - Opened trade routes to China and India. Increased knowledge of animals, plants, map making, and Native Americans.

Sacagawea - She was a Shoshone Indian guide on the Lewis and Clark expedition.

Question 5

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 5

European nations were warned to leave Latin American countries alone.

1. The U.S would not interfere in the affair of European nations.
2. Europe would have to stay out of North and South American.
3. The U.S would not attempt to create any new colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 6

Disputed election of 1824 (corrupt bargain)

Answer 6

Clay persuades the House of Reps to cast their vote for Adams and he was rewarded with the Secretary of States position. - Tarnished Adam’s presidency.

Question 7

Spoils system

Answer 7

The practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs.

Question 8

Trail of Tears

Answer 8

result of the Indian Removal Act – Cherokee Indians were forced to leave land in Georgia and walk to Oklahoma – thousands died along the way.

*Indian territory Map

Question 9

Manifest Destiny

Answer 9

An idea or a belief (Lady flying threw the sky)

Question 10

Forty Niners

Answer 10

Gold rush in California

Question 11

Mexican session

Answer 11

(Pink shaded area on the map is known as - the Mexican session)

Question 12

Battle of Alamo

Answer 12

Everyone started chanting “Remember the Alamo!”

Question 13

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 13

Treaty the ended the Mexican war.

Question 14

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 14

Idea that territories could decide for themselves on the slavery issue

Question 15

Missouri Compromise - Henry clays role

Answer 15

Agreement proposed in 1819 to keep the number of slave and free states equal.

Henry clays role - Proposed it.

Question 16

Compromise of 1850 - know all 5 parts.

Answer 16

1. California would enter the Union as a free state.
2. Divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into New Mexico and Utah (popular sovereignty)
3. Ended the slave trade in Washington D.C (Congress would have no power of slave trade between the slave states).
4. Strict fugitive slave law.
5. Settled border disputes between Texas and New Mexico.

Question 17

Fugitive slave law

Answer 17

Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves. If anyone let a fugitive escape… $1000 fine and jail time.

Question 18

Kansas Nebraska Act - Stephen Douglas role

Answer 18

Divided the Louisiana Purchase territory into two pieces where they had popular sovereignty. When passed, it made the Missouri Compromise null and void.

Who proposed it - Stephen Douglas.

Question 19

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 19

Kansas was nicknamed this because of the violence that broke out because of the rivalry between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers

Question 20

John Brown

Answer 20

A violent abolitionist who murdered five men at Pottawatomie creek in Kansas.

Question 21

Border ruffian

Answer 21

Pro - slavery person who rode from Missouri to Kansas to battle the anti-slavery forces.

Question 22

Dred Scott supreme court case - (Outcome, results)

Answer 22

The Court ruled Scott was not a citizen and was instead considered property. They said they could not stop slavery in any of the states.

Question 23

Harriet Tubman - Underground railroad

Answer 23

Harriet Tubman - An escaped slave who led the underground railroad.

Underground railroad - A system of secret trails and networks that helped free many slaves.

Question 24

Uncle Tom’s Cabin - author, effect on North and South

Answer 24

Tells of an enslaved African American noted for his kindness. His owner whips him to death for not telling the where abouts of two runaway slaves.

Author - Harriet Beecher Stow

Impact on North - They were happy it was written, showed that slavery was a moral evil and was bad.

Impact on South - The southerners were furious. It made them look like monster.

Question 25

Lincoln’s House Divided Speech - basic message

Answer 25

About slavery. South was scared Lincoln will completely ban slavery after becoming President. Will have to decide between pro and anti - slavery.

Question 26

Significance of Fort Sumter, SC

Answer 26

Was attacked by the confederates. First shots sparked beginnings of Civil War.

Question 27

Strengths and weaknesses of North and South

Answer 27

South Strengths -
1. They were fighting to defend their homeland - gave them a strong reason to fight.
2. They knew the southern countryside better
3. The land was wooded - the Confederates used this for cover from Union troops.

South weaknesses -
1. Few factories produce weapons.
2. Few railroads to move troops and supplies.
3. Small population - 9 million compared to 22 million Union.
4. Confederate government had a hard time getting things done - Confederate constitution favored states rights and limited power of government.

North Strengths -
1. Bigger population - more people to fight, make weapons, grow crops for food.
2. Moe factories and railroads - weapons/moving troops.
3. Strong Navy - many trading ships.

North weaknesses -
1. Military challenge: instead of defending homes, they were invading unfamiliar land.

Question 28

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 28

Who issued: Abraham Lincoln
When: Jan. 1, 1863. After the battle of Antietam
Why then: So we didn’t look desperate and weak.
Define emancipate: To set free only in the Confederate states.
Lincoln’s political goal: To keep our country united.
Impact on war: England stopped helping and trading with the south.

Question 29

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 29

Union commander at the battle of Vicksburg and Appomattox Courthouse

Question 30

Robert E. Lee

Answer 30

Surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

Question 31

Jefferson Davis

Answer 31

President of Confederacy

Question 32

General George Meade

Answer 32

Commander of the Union at Gettysburg

Question 33

General George Pickett

Answer 33

Was ordered to charge 15,000 Confederates across open field and up a hill to attack the Union.. Known as Pickett’s charge.

Question 34

Significance of Gettysburg and Vicksburg

Answer 34

Vicksburg - It helped us control the Mississippi river

Gettysburg - Was nonstop fighting, turning point in the war.

Question 35

Total war

Answer 35

Everyone is fighting and everyone is at risk

Question 36

General Sherman-“March to the Sea”

Answer 36

Given orders to destroy everything useful in the south.

Question 37

Reconstruction plans- 10% Plan (Lincoln, easy); Wade-Davis (harsh)

Answer 37

10% plan - Lincoln plan for the south to form a new government (easy)

Wade - Davis bill - 1864 - plan for reconstruction that denied the right to vote/hold office to anyone that had volunteered to fight for the confederacy. (harsh, republicans)

Question 38

Radical Republicans- their goals for Reconstruction

Answer 38

Wanted to ensure that freedmen received the right to vote.

Question 39

Andrew Johnson- succeeded Lincoln

Answer 39

He came after Lincoln (took over)

Question 40

13, 14, 15th Amendments

Answer 40

13 - a ban on slavery throughout the nation.

14 - guarantees equal protection of the laws. Citizenship for African Americans.

15 - African Americans are given the right to vote.

Question 41

Freedmen

Answer 41

Men and women who had been slaves.

Question 42

Carpetbagger

Answer 42

Northerner who came to the south after the war.

Question 43

Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws-difference between, examples(Poll tax, Literacy
tests, segregated schools)

Answer 43

Black codes - southern laws that severely limited the rights of African Americans after the civil war. (Poll tax, literacy tests).

Jim Crow laws - Laws passed by southern governments that separated people by race. (Segregated schools)

Question 44

Supreme Court case- Plessy vs Ferguson- (outcome/judgement)

Answer 44

Plessy lost. The supreme court allows segregation.

Question 45

Election of 1876- electoral vote controversy between Hayes and Tilden

Answer 45

Tilden needed one more vote, Hayes needed 20. All 20 votes were given to Hayes because he agreed to end reconstruction.

Question 46

Could the Civil war have been avoided - Open ended.

Answer 46

No, I believe that the Civil war was no avoidable. The government didn’t have the power to stop all of the extremists and simmer down the problem of slavery. If the Civil war never occurred, the south and north would probably never got over their differences of beliefs. The south would still own slaves, and the north would still oppose/ fight for freedom. “Bleeding Kansas” was proof of the destruction that would continue if we didn’t settle this dispute. People may have followed in John Browns footsteps, and killed people in the opposing states. Eventually, we might have reached a “total war”, when we weren’t even in war! Border Ruffians were also a big concern in all of the states. They would do anything to prove that they are right, no matter what side they were on. When Fort Sumter was attacked, we couldn’t just let them attack it, we had to fight back, and that is what started the civil war. There was no getting out of the civil war, and all these events prove that.

Question 47

Conductor, passenger, station.

Answer 47

Conductor – Someone who led the slaves to freedom.

Passenger – A runaway slave

Station – Place here slaves would hide until reaching the north.