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Religion > final review > Flashcards

final review Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Judas betray Jesus? What do we know about Judas from scripture? Prove that Judas regretted betraying Jesus. Exactly how does Judas betray Jesus?

A

Scripture tells us that “the devil entered him”. Judas assumed that everyone, including Jesus, thought like him- if you had the power to save yourself you would. He assumed that he would “force” Jesus to show his power by performing a great miracle for the Sanhedrin, where they would all then believe. He goes to them, asking for money to betray Jesus. He leaves the last supper, gets the guard, comes back to the garden, kisses Jesus. When Jesus does not perform as expected, Judas either hangs himself or throws himself off of a cliff. Scripture has both scenarios.

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2
Q

Why did the Jews in power want Jesus dead?

A

The Jews were afraid that Rome would see Jesus’ popularity as a threat to Caesar. The Romans would then associate all Jews with Jesus and take away whatever rights that they “enjoyed”. Scripture tells us as well that they were jealous of Jesus’ popularity.

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3
Q

Why is Jesus brought to Pilate?

A

They do not have the authority to put him to death, but Pilate did. They accuse him of saying that he was the “King of the Jews” which of course is a treasonous statement.

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4
Q

Pilate assumes that he has power over Jesus. How does Jesus respond to this assumption?

A

”You would not have power over me if my father had not given it to you.”

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5
Q

What does Truth mean in John’s gospel? How does the idea of truth come up in Jesus’ interview with Pilate?

A

Jesus is the Divine Savior. Jesus tells Pilate that He is “The Truth”. Pilate responds with, “What is truth?” It seems that Pilate is really not interested in the truth because he sentenced Jesus to death knowing that Jesus is innocent.

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6
Q

List the ways Pilate tries to get out of killing Jesus. Explain why he thought that these would work. Why does Pilate eventually decide to have Jesus executed?

A

He tells the crowd that Jesus is innocent
He has Jesus Scourged, hoping that this would satisfy the crowd’s desire to punish Jesus
He tried giving them Barabbas, assuming that they wouldn’t want to let a murderer free, but of course they chose Barabbas instead.
Finally they say he is no friend of Caesar if he lets Jesus live. Not wanting a riot, or word getting back to Caesar that he let a “treasonous criminal” go free, he allows Jesus to die.

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7
Q

How does Pilate “absolve” himself of any guilt that he has over ordering Jesus’ death?

A

He washes his hands. Symbolically “removing” his guilt.

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8
Q

In Matthew’s Gospel there is an earthquake when Jesus died and when he resurrects. Explain the meanings of these earthquakes.

A

Death: Even nature knows that this is the Son of God.
Resurrection: God’s power, Even nature knows that Jesus is Divine and has resurrected, A new era has begun.

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9
Q

What is the guard’s reaction to Jesus’ resurrection?

A

They faint, then go to the Jewish authorities and conspire to lie and say that the body was stolen.

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10
Q

Why is Jesus eating after the resurrection?

A

To show that he is not a ghost.

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11
Q

Explain why we call the resurrection a “dynamic event”. Explain the resurrection from a theological perspective.

A

The power needed to transfer his imprint onto the shroud is equal to the power of an atomic blast. When the love of the Father meets the love of the son, we get the resurrection.

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12
Q

What does the word”Lent” mean? What is the purpose of Lent?

A

Lent means spring. The purpose of Lent is to prepare ourselves for the passion, death and resurrection, to renew our spiritual selves to grow closer to God.

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13
Q

Why do Catholics fast during Lent? How do Catholics fast?

A

We honor Jesus’ fasting in the desert. We empty ourselves of food to fill ourselves with God. Fasting=2 small meals =a third.

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14
Q

What is the symbolism of Lent lasting 40 days?

A

40 stands for trials and difficulties. Jesus was in the desert for 40 days. The Israelites wandered the desert for 40 years.

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15
Q

What is the Triduum? What is the color of the Triduum? Name what happens each day of the Triduum.

A

The three days before Jesus rose. The color is red for passion and blood.
Thursday: Last Supper washing of the feet.
Friday: passion and death.
Saturday: the Easter Vigil.

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16
Q

Explain how Saul goes from persecuting Christians to becoming one.

A

Saul is called on the road to Antioch by Jesus Himself. He is made blind after his encounter with Jesus. He was baptized three days later, and became a Christian

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17
Q

Describe the apostle’s first reaction to Paul.

A

They were not very happy since he had just been killing Christians. They sent him to Tarsus, his home town to wait for them to “call” him. It is decided that he will go to the Gentiles in order to preach and spread the Good News.

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18
Q

Explain how Paul went about his ministry to the Gentiles.

A

Go to a city. Preach. Establish a Church. Stay until it is firmly established. Choose leaders for the Church. Leave for the next City. Write letters (Epistles) in response to the Church’s needs. Repeat.

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19
Q

What is an Epistle?

A

Letter

20
Q

What is a faction?

A

A splinter group within the Church, claiming that they have the best leader.

21
Q

How does Paul respond to the factions in the early Church?

A

says, “We are ONE BODY in Christ.”

22
Q

What was the early Church like in Corinth?

A

A wild Port city. Gambling, prostitution, drunkenness, idol worship. Well, problems- factions, selfishness, getting drunk on the wine at the gatherings, hoarding goods and materials for themselves, saying that

23
Q

In Paul’s letter to Timothy, we see a more human side of Paul. Explain.

A

Paul says that everyone abandoned him. He wants his cloak, scrolls and friends to visit him soon. He knows he will die soon. He says he has “fought the good fight, and run the race”.

24
Q

In the Council of Jerusalem the Gentile problem is dealt with. What is the Gentile problem, and how was it resolved?

A

The Jewish Christians of the early Church wanted the Gentile converts to become Jewish first before being baptized. This meant that they had to be circumcised. Both Peter and Paul pointed out that the Holy Spirit descended on Jew and Gentile. Faith in Jesus was enough to be baptized.

25
Q

Why were the Gentiles so important to the early Church?

A

Without the Gentiles, the Good News would not have spread to all corners of the world.

26
Q

What is the difference between the Jewish persecution of Christians and the Roman persecution of Christians?

A

The Jewish persecution of Christians had a religious basis, spurred on by jealousy of the apostles’ popularity. It was relatively short-lived. The Jewish persecution ended with Saul’s conversion.
The Roman persecution was at first scapegoating, then, in an effort to return to the Rome of former glory days, forced Christians to defy the emperor by refusing to worship false gods. The Romans at first thought that Christianity was just another Jewish faction.

27
Q

How did each one of these persecutions end? Why didn’t Rome pay attention to the Christians at first?

A

The Roman persecution ended with the Edict of Milan. The Jewish persecution ended with Saul’s conversion

28
Q

What are the rumors about Christianity that surfaced in Rome and made it easy for the Christians to become scapegoats?

A

They kept to themselves- they must be plotting against the government. They consumed the Eucharist- they must be cannibals, and must have been consuming babies.
They called each other “brother and sister”- they must be incestuous.

29
Q

What and when is the Edict of Milan? How was Constantine converted?

A

313 AD. It gave Christians the right to believe and practice their faith legally.

30
Q

What was Charlemagne’s main contribution to Christianity?

A

He made Christianity the state religion.

31
Q

What was the relationship between the Pope and Charlemagne?

A

The Pope owed his life to Charlemagne who saved him from attack. The pope crowned him “Holy Roman Emperor”. Charlemagne did much for the Church, establishing schools and giving land for monasteries.

32
Q

Why was there an eastern and western church?

A

Constantine moved the Capital of the Roman empire to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople. The Church in Constantinople needed a leader. Thus the role of “Patriarch” was established.

33
Q

What is the filioque? Why did it “cause” the schism between the east and western churches? What is the date of the schism?What is the difference between the patriarch and the pope?

A

The filioque is the phrase “and the son” ; it was added to the Nicean Creed.
The addition of the filioque was the last straw in a long line of differences between the churches, the east believing that they needed to be consulted before the decision was made to change the creed. The east split from the west in 1054 AD
Pope= complete power. Patriarch=first among brothers.

34
Q

What is a heresy? What is the Arian heresy?

A

A belief being openly taught by a believer WITHIN the Church that is in direct disagreement with established Church doctrine. The Arian heresy said that Jesus was not God.

35
Q

What happened at the Council of Nicea?

A

The Nicean Creed was written in direct opposition to the Arian heresy.

36
Q

Where did the people of the day think the plague came from?What is a miasma?

A

The plague came from either God, or planet alignment that caused a bad atmosphere of poison that made its way to the earth in the form of a “miasma” or sort of bad, foggy air, OR that the Jews had poisoned the water.

37
Q

Why didn’t the Jews die from the plague in the same numbers as Christians? Why did Christians think that they were relatively healthier?

A

The Jewish dietary laws and laws of ritual purity kept them cleaner than their Christian neighbors. As well, they were segregated from Christians so they lived in a different “bubbble”. Christians assumed that it was the Jews who were poisoning their water.

38
Q

Name and explain all the “gear” of the plague doctors.

A
  • Weird rounded hat that was in place before the plague that signified the man was a doctor Beak mask with scented herbs and dried flowers to breathe in rather than the miasma of bad air.
  • Robes that were stored in dried herbs and flowers or slicked down with sort of a waxed oil fa- these kept fleas, ticks and other critters away. They thought it was keeping the bad air away.
  • A cane to poke people away with which acted like covid’s social distancing.
39
Q

Name and explain the three reactions to the plague.Who are the flagellants?

A

Despair- hide or kill yourself, we must make amends to God to appease Him so He will lift the plague, eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we die.
Flagellants- walked through the streets whipping themselves in order to appease God.

40
Q

After the plague, there was a shortage of priests. How did the Church try to solve this problem?

A

They let anyone be a priest

41
Q

What is an indulgence? What did Johann Tetzel do with indulgences?

A

An action or prayer that one does or says in order to lessen their “time” in purgatory. Tetzel sold indulgences by saying that if you gave money to build St. Peter’s Basilica, you would spend less time in purgatory. The more money you spend, the less time in purgatory.

42
Q

What were Luther’s main concerns in the Catholic Church? Why did the publication of his 95 theses concern the Church?

A

Priests should be held accountable and to a higher standard than the rest of us. People should be able to deepen their faith and spirituality, and respond to God’s saving plan. He believed that salvation was gained through faith and God’s grace. Catholics believe that salvation is gained through faith, God’s grace and good works.

43
Q

Define Renaissance.

A

The Renaissance was a time of “rebirth” (what the word renaissance means) in the world, coming out of a dark time in history. We can see especially in religious art, that it was a time of great development.

44
Q

Explain what The Enlightenment was.

A

The enlightenment was a time when science and math and reason came to the fore, and great strides in science and math were made. Medicine, rising up from the ashes of the dark ages and the plague was particularly important. Unfortunately, there were some that began to believe that science and humans had all the answers for all of life’s questions and concerns. We have called this scientism.

45
Q

Identify: Innocent III, Urban V, Clement VII, Alexander.

A

Innocent III- Returned power and dignity to the Papacy. Called the 4th Lateran Council.
Urban V- was elected pope with the assumption by the French Cardinals that he would return the papacy to Avignon France. Clement VII- the cardinals lied and said they were pressured into voting for Urban and voted for Clement.
Alexander- elected to get rid of two popes already in power, but died on the way to Rome.

46
Q

Why was there a French Revolution? What inspired the French Revolution?

A

the lower classes were tired of supporting the nobles royalty and clergy. When Louis 14 went crazy overtaxing the people that was the last straw.The Enlightenment, with its emphasis on people being able to chart their own course in life was an inspiration to the French lower classes who revolted.

47
Q

What was required of priests during the French Revolution?

A

Sign a pledge of allegiance to the state, revoking their allegiance to the pope.

Religion (3 decks)

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