Final Review

Question 1

When can the FDA ban products?

Answer 1

only post-market

Question 2

What is responsible for acetylcholine projections?

Answer 2

nucleus basalis of Meynert

Question 3

What does an EEG look at?

Answer 3

cerebral cortex

Question 4

What splits acetylcholine into two inactive parts?

Answer 4

acetylcholinesterase

Question 5

What is dopamine involved with?

Answer 5

reward and motor activity

Question 6

what route of administration absorbs a drug slowly over time?

Answer 6

dermal

Question 7

enzyme induction

Answer 7

when levels of alcohol dehydrogenase, which breaks down alcohol. would elevate over time, meaning you’d need to drink more to feel more effects

Question 8

a drug is most likely to kill you if it inhibits what part of the brain?

Answer 8

hippocampus

Question 9

Psychoactive drugs metabolism

Answer 9

metabolites themselves may be psychoactive

Question 10

CYP-450 Enzymes

Answer 10

liver enzymes that metabolize most drugs

Question 11

primary metabolite

Answer 11

result of the first round of metabolism

Question 12

glutamate

Answer 12

neurotransmitter that is always excitatory

Question 13

withdrawal from alcohol causing seizures is probably related to?

Answer 13

the effect alcohol has on receptors for glutamate

Question 14

why can cocaine be lethal?

Answer 14

its cardiovascular effects

Question 15

naloxone

Answer 15

immediately causes withdrawal symptoms

Question 16

opioids and alcohol are both what?

Answer 16

respiratory depressants

Question 17

symptoms of opioid withdrawal

Answer 17

dysphoria and depression
anxiety and fearfulness
runny eyes and nose, sweating
restlessness and yawning
vomiting
pain and aching
diarrhea (can be fatal in newborns born to dependent mothers)
craving

Question 18

what are the differences between cocaine and meth?

Answer 18

cocaine is a purified product of the coca plant; meth can be made in a lab fairly easily
cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake; meth forces the release of dopamine
meth is used to treat ADHD

Question 19

how do opiates block pain by preventing pain information from arriving at the brain?

Answer 19

Analgesic effects caused by opiates are mediated by nociceptive neurons, which carry pain information away from the site of injury to the spinal cord where they synapse onto pain pathways. The neurotransmitters at the synapse contain a peptide called Substance P and glutamate. opiates inhibit Substance P and prevent them from sending the pain information to the brain. opiates increase the activity of descending pathways

Question 20

what is the mechanism of action of disulfiram (Antabuse) and what is the outcome of drinking after

Answer 20

if a person does not manufacture sufficient aldehyde dehydrogenase, they will experience acetaldehyde buildup, which results in nausea, headache, and flushing. antabuse is designed to produce this reaction in combination with alcohol to discourage consumption.

Question 21

why was THC’s medical use hampered?

Answer 21

the quantity of THC in medical preparations was variable

Question 22

what does “pyramid of prejudice” refer to?

Answer 22

Anslinger’s technique of getting lucid drug stories into print, then citing it as factual evidence of drug abuse

Question 23

what system does LSD and psilocybin affect?

Answer 23

serotonin systems

Question 24

what hallucinogen produces more disassociation than others?

Answer 24

PCP

Question 25

MAO-Inhibitors

Answer 25

destroy the enzyme that breaks down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine

Question 26

what do convention antipsychotics treat?

Answer 26

hallucinations and delusions

Question 27

what can risperidone be used for?

Answer 27

calm people with dementia

Question 28

what is the difference between clinical and statistical significance?

Answer 28

clinical significance shows whether something has a real genuine, palpable, noticeable effect on daily life. statistical significance shows whether there is an effect in number based on studies, but correlation does not necessarily mean causation.

Question 29

what are the implications of THC being fat-soluble?

Answer 29

enters the brain quickly, faster and complete onset
stored in fat then released slowly, withdrawal syndrome is muted
drug test can be positive for some time