Final Review Flashcards
When can the FDA ban products?
only post-market
What is responsible for acetylcholine projections?
nucleus basalis of Meynert
What does an EEG look at?
cerebral cortex
What splits acetylcholine into two inactive parts?
acetylcholinesterase
What is dopamine involved with?
reward and motor activity
what route of administration absorbs a drug slowly over time?
dermal
enzyme induction
when levels of alcohol dehydrogenase, which breaks down alcohol. would elevate over time, meaning you’d need to drink more to feel more effects
a drug is most likely to kill you if it inhibits what part of the brain?
hippocampus
Psychoactive drugs metabolism
metabolites themselves may be psychoactive
CYP-450 Enzymes
liver enzymes that metabolize most drugs
primary metabolite
result of the first round of metabolism
glutamate
neurotransmitter that is always excitatory
withdrawal from alcohol causing seizures is probably related to?
the effect alcohol has on receptors for glutamate
why can cocaine be lethal?
its cardiovascular effects
naloxone
immediately causes withdrawal symptoms
opioids and alcohol are both what?
respiratory depressants
symptoms of opioid withdrawal
dysphoria and depression
anxiety and fearfulness
runny eyes and nose, sweating
restlessness and yawning
vomiting
pain and aching
diarrhea (can be fatal in newborns born to dependent mothers)
craving
what are the differences between cocaine and meth?
cocaine is a purified product of the coca plant; meth can be made in a lab fairly easily
cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake; meth forces the release of dopamine
meth is used to treat ADHD
how do opiates block pain by preventing pain information from arriving at the brain?
Analgesic effects caused by opiates are mediated by nociceptive neurons, which carry pain information away from the site of injury to the spinal cord where they synapse onto pain pathways. The neurotransmitters at the synapse contain a peptide called Substance P and glutamate. opiates inhibit Substance P and prevent them from sending the pain information to the brain. opiates increase the activity of descending pathways
what is the mechanism of action of disulfiram (Antabuse) and what is the outcome of drinking after
if a person does not manufacture sufficient aldehyde dehydrogenase, they will experience acetaldehyde buildup, which results in nausea, headache, and flushing. antabuse is designed to produce this reaction in combination with alcohol to discourage consumption.
why was THC’s medical use hampered?
the quantity of THC in medical preparations was variable
what does “pyramid of prejudice” refer to?
Anslinger’s technique of getting lucid drug stories into print, then citing it as factual evidence of drug abuse
what system does LSD and psilocybin affect?
serotonin systems
what hallucinogen produces more disassociation than others?
PCP
MAO-Inhibitors
destroy the enzyme that breaks down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine
what do convention antipsychotics treat?
hallucinations and delusions
what can risperidone be used for?
calm people with dementia
what is the difference between clinical and statistical significance?
clinical significance shows whether something has a real genuine, palpable, noticeable effect on daily life. statistical significance shows whether there is an effect in number based on studies, but correlation does not necessarily mean causation.
what are the implications of THC being fat-soluble?
enters the brain quickly, faster and complete onset
stored in fat then released slowly, withdrawal syndrome is muted
drug test can be positive for some time
