Final Review Flashcards
Fatty acid
Could be incorporated into a lipid membrane
Sugar
Could be incorporated into a polysaccride
Nucleotide
Could be incorporated into RNA
Amino acid
Could be incorporated into proteins
Amide bonds
Proteins
Phosphodiester bonds
Polynucleotides
Glycosidic bonds
Polysaccharide
Lewis acid
Acceptor
Electophile
Lewis base
Electron do not
Nucleophile
Smooth ER
Synthesizes complex lipids
Plasma membrane
Forms cellular boundary
Mitochondria
Harvest of energy through oxidative respiration
Nucleus
Storage of genetic information
Cytoplasm
Sea that fills the cell
Site of many biological pathways
Rough ER and Golgi
Site of protein synthesis and modification
Lysosome
Degrades and recycles cellular components
Peroxisome
Oxidizes very long chain fatty acids through peroxide metabolism
DNA replication
DNA to DNA
Reverse transcription
RNA to DNA
Transcription
DNA to RNA
Translation
RNA to protein
What makes ATP good molecule for reaction coupling
Product exhibits resonance stabilization
Products are ionized, which aids in solvation
When phosphates are removed, negative charge repulsion is reduced, making the products more stable
Flippases and floppases
Use energy to move lipids against their concentration gradient
Scramblases
Facilitate the movement of lipids downhill spontaneously
Decrease in temp would
Make membrane less fluid
An increase in temp
Make membrane more fluid
Uses of nucleotides
DNA/RNA
Energy currency
Phosphate group donor
Coenzyme
Second messenger
Bioconjuction
Monocistronic
One RNA that codes for one protein
Polycistronic
Has one RNA that codes for multiple proteins
DNA polymerase
Chain elongation
Coding strand
DNA strand that would match the sequence of new copy
HTS detector
Detect light emitted by fluorescent label
HTS primer
Allow enzyme to dock an begin elongation
Template strand
DNA used to generate the new copy strand
HTS capillary gel
Separate new strands by length, with shorter chains emerging first
HTS laser
Excite the fluorescent label
HTS dNTP
Allow for chain elongation
HTS ddNTP’s
Terminate chain elongation