Final Review Flashcards
What blocks K+ rectifier currents in beta cells, result in calcium induced vesicle fusion, include 1st & 2nd generation sulfonylurea drugs?
Insulin secretagogues
Why are older sedative hypnotics not considered as safe as newer versions?
They show a linear dose-response progression after hypnosis.
This lab test measures the activity of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.
aPTT
Which seizure type is characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone?
Atonic
Which effect is beneficial associated with hypnotic sleep aids?
Increased Stage 2 NREM sleep
Describe the molecular mechanism for insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells.
In work
What is the MOA of Biguanide?
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What is the MOA of Sulfonylurea?
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What is the MOA of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
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What is the MOA of Amylin analogs?
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What is the MOA of GLP-1 agonists?
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What is the MOA of Gliflozins?
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One of the primary downstream effects of insulin binding to the insulin receptor is?
translocation of GLUT to the cell membrane
What are the interactions of GLP-1 agonists & DPP-4 antagonists?
Same effects at different receptors
What receptor is the target for Zofran?
5HT3
What is an agonist for 5-HT 1D/1B?
Sumatriptan
A Pt on HMWH & an aPTT of 90sec is switched to LMWH. What effects will be seen?
Decreased activity on thrombin
What medication is useful for focal seizures by blocking Na+ channels?
Lacosamide
What statin therapy will help raise HDL?
Niacin
What cholesterol medication inhibits proteins binding to LDLR?
PCSK9 inhibitors
Do statins result in cutaneous vasodilation?
No
Chronic complications of DM induced by the polyol pathway are caused by?
Glucose conversion to sorbitol & fructose, which increase osmotic pressure inside the cell.
Which enzyme is targeted by Fomepizole?
alcohol dehydrogenase
Which drug inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase & is used in treating etoh addiction?
disfulram
Match the following with their primary MOA:
Aminocaproic acid
Heparin
Clopidogrel
Hirudin
Streptokinase
Aspirin
Abciximab
Vitamin K
Choices:
A) Indirect thrombin inhibitor
B) Block GP IIa/IIIb on platelets
C) Directly inhibits thrombin
D) Activates plasminogen to plasmin
E) Replenishes clotting factors
F) Blocks ADP receptor
G) Inhibits txa production
H) Blocks activation of plasminogen to plasmin
- Aminocaproic acid = H
- Heparin = A
- Clopidogrel = F
- Hirudin = C
- Streptokinase = D
- Aspirin = G
- Abciximab = B
- Vitamin K = E
What med can be given prior to surgery to someone with hemophilia?
Aminocaproic acid
Cholesterol’s 2 sources are?
- Dietary cholesterol
- Endogenous production via the HMG or mevalon pathway
Bile acid binding resins are often prescribed to people with which comorbidities?
- Hypercholesterolemia
- DM
What is Vitamin K’s role in coagulation?
Participates in redox reactions in the formation of coagulation factors
Which histamine receptor is primarily involved in bronchoconstriction?
H1
Which drug, that works on ion channels, is used in absent seizures?
Ethosuxamide
How does t-pa aid in the dissolution of clots?
Aids in conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with a deficiency in?
Thiamine (Vitamin B-1)
What is the blood target level of free phenytoin?
1-2mcg/mL
What is responsible for the triple response in allergy testing?
Histamine
Agammaglodulinemia is?
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Cox-2 selective inhibitors are better than ASA because they?
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Anti-cancer agents that target the mitotic spindle are all?
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Vitamine are?
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Name 2 effects of opioids for which there is no or little tolerance?
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