Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

The Milky Way galaxy has a ___ shape.

A

spiral

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2
Q

What is unusual about the tilt of Uranus?

A

Uranus is tilted almost 90 degrees, as if it were a barrel rolling around the sun.

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3
Q

The time from new moon to new moon is ___.

A

29.5 days

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4
Q

List the five planets that can be seen with unaided eyes:

A

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn

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5
Q

The Hubble Space Telescope has a mirror ___ in diameter.

A

8 feet

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6
Q

Identify the constellation Ursa Major.

A
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7
Q

The diameter of the moon is about __ the diameter of the earth.

A

¼

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8
Q

A large hurricane has been raging on Jupiter for over 400 years. It can be seen through an Earth-based telescope and is known as ___.

A

The Great Red Spot

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9
Q

Which is larger, Earth or Mars?

A

Earth

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10
Q

Identify the constellation Leo

A
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11
Q

Identify the star Arcturus

A
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12
Q

Albert Michelson devised a way to measure the size of stars using interference of ___ ___.

A

light waves

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13
Q

Extrasolar planets are planets that are ___ our solar system.

A

outside

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14
Q

The average distance from the earth to the moon is ___ miles.

A

240,000 miles

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15
Q

Name the astronomer who described the shape of a planet’s orbint with his first law.

A

Kepler

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16
Q

What is the shape of a planet’s orbit?

A

elliptical

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17
Q

The density of the Jovian planets is less or more than the density of earth.

A

less

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18
Q

List the first four terrestial planets in order from the sun:

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

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19
Q

The Little Dipper is part of the constellation ___ ___.

A

Ursa Minor

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20
Q

During Edmund Halley’s time, the most mysterious objects in the solar system were ___.

A

comets

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21
Q

How does the orbital period of the planets correlate to distance from the sun?

A

The farther the planet is from the sun, the longer it takes to orbit the sun.

22
Q

Astronomy photographs are often printed upside-down to match ___.

A

the inverted image seen in the telescope

23
Q

List the letters that make the mnemonic (memory aid) to name the planets in order from the sun. You can write the mnemonic if you prefer.

A

M,V,E,M,J,S,U,N (or My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos)

24
Q

What scientific instrument can determine chemical composition from light patterns?

A

spectroscope

25
Q

Identify the star Spica

A
26
Q

Identify the star Regulus.

A
27
Q

Other than the sun, the star closes to the earth is Proxima ___.

A

Centauri

28
Q

Identify the constellation Ursa Minor.

A
29
Q

Identify the constellation Virgo

A
30
Q

The average distance from the earth to the sun is ___ miles.

A

93,000,000

31
Q

___ gives Mars its red color

A

Iron oxide

32
Q

A difference between a star and a planet is that stars ___ heat and light, while planets ___ light.

A

produce (emails); reflect

33
Q

Which element was identified in the sun before being discovered on earth?

A

helium

34
Q

The “zone of life” is the region around a star known as the “Goldilocks zone” because it is neither too ___ nor too ___. On planets in this region, water can be found in ___ state.

A

hot; cold; liquid

35
Q

If a star is moving away from earth, its spectral lines are shifted toward the ___ end of the specturm.

A

red

36
Q

The first moon landing was in what location on the moon?

A

Sea of Tranquility

37
Q

The brightest object in the sky other than the sun and moon is ___.

A

Venus

38
Q

___ discovered the moons of Jupiter.

A

Galileo

39
Q

Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto using a device called a ___ comparator.

A

blink

40
Q

Which is brighter, -3.0 magnitude or 4.0 magnitude?

A

-3.0

41
Q

What type of star is our sun?

A

main-sequence G

42
Q

In addition to magnification, another purpose of a telescope is to ___ light.

A

gather

43
Q

Tye type of telescope that uses a glass lens to focus light is a ___.

A

refractor

44
Q

Most of the stars in the Big Dipper are ___ magnitude.

A

2nd

45
Q

What caused the delay in the eclipse of Io by Jupiter observed by Ole Roemer?

A

the time for light to travel from Jupiter to Earth

46
Q

The big dipper is not a constellation, but an ___.

A

asterism

47
Q

An eclipse of the sun can take place only when the moon is ___ the earth and the ___.

A

between; sun

48
Q

Many meteor showers come from the remains of ___.

A

comets

49
Q

Identify the constellation Boötes

A
50
Q

Which stars can be used as an optical yardstick to measure distance?

A

cepheid variables

51
Q

Identify the star Polaris.

A