Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
What is the difference between the simple subject and the complete subject? Give examples.
A
a. The simple subject is the principal word the sentence is about.
Ex. The best class in school is grammar.
Simple subject: class
Ex. The best class in school is grammar.
Complete subject: The best class in school
2
Q
What is a common noun? Give examples.
A
A common noun names a non-specific person, place, or thing. It is not capitalized.
3
Q
What is a complex preposition?
A
A complex preposition is a group of words that functions as a single preposition.
4
Q
Give the four types of sentences classified by purpose with definitions.
A
The four types of sentences are declarative, imperative, interrogative, or exclamatory.
a. A declarative sentence makes a statement
b. A imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request.
c. An interrogative sentence asks a question.
d. An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling.
5
Q
Many pronouns can also function as what part of speech?
A
Many pronouns also function as adjectives.
6
Q
Give eight complex prepositions.
A
according to, along with, because of, except for, in spite of, in front of, on account of, on top of
7
Q
What question does a direct object answer?
A
The direct object answers the question what or whom after an action verb.
8
Q
Give examples of the past participle and participle phrase.
A
Ex. 1 Past Participle: The conquered Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
Ex. 2 Participle Phrase: Conquered in a fierce battle, the Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
9
Q
Give an example of an adverb prepositional phrase.
A
Caesar conquered the Gauls in eight years.
10
Q
Give the principal parts of the regular verbs live, play, look, and learn.
A
to live living lived have lived
to play playing played have played
to look looking looked have looked
to learn learning learned have learned
11
Q
What is a prepositional phrase?
A
A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, its noun or pronoun object, and any modifiers
12
Q
Define direct object. Give an example.
A
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.
Ex. The magister teaches Latin.
13
Q
Give all forms of the to be verb.
A
The forms of the to be verb are am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been.
14
Q
What are the names of the six Engllish tenses?
A
Present, Past, Future, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect
15
Q
What are the two parts of every sentence?
A
The two parts of every sentnece are the subject and predicate.
16
Q
Give the principal parts of the irregular verbs see, write, come, do, fly and go.
A
to see seeing saw have seen
to write writing wrote have written
to come coming came have come
to do doing did have done
to fly flying flew have flown
to go going gone have gone
17
Q
What is a compound noun? Give the three kinds with examples.
A
A compound noun is maked up of more than one word.
a. The words can be joined into one word.
Ex. door step
b. The words can be joined with hyphens.
Ex. sister-in-law
c. The words can be seperate.
Ex. United States of America
18
Q
Give the eight parts of speech.
A
The eight parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.
19
Q
Define predicate adjective. Give an example.
A
A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject.
Ex. Wilbur is tired.
20
Q
What are the demonstrative pronouns?
A
The demonstrative pronouns point out a person or thing. The pronouns this and these point to something near, and the pronouns that and those point to something far.
21
Q
Give the pronoun forms of the possessive pronoun.
A
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
22
Q
Give the common helping (auxiliary) verbs.
A
The common helping verbs are:
am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been
have, has, had,
do, does, did,
may, might, must,
can, could,
will, would,
shall, should, ought
23
Q
What are coordinating conjunctions?
A
The coordinating conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance. The coordinating conjunctions can be remembered by the acronym FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
24
Q
What is a sentence?
A
A sentence is a group of words expressiong a complete thought.
25
In addition to the verb phrases, give the five kinds of phrases.
The five kinds of phrases are the **prepositional** phrase, the **particle** phrase, the **gerund** phrase, the **infinitive** phrase, and the **appositive** phrase.
26
What is a common way of forming adverbs? Give an example.
Many adverbs are formed by adding **ly** to an adjective.
**Ex.** slow (adjective) He is **slow**.
**Ex.** slowly (adverb) He walks **slowly**.
27
What are the three kinds of conjunctions?
The three kinds of conjunctions are **coordinating, correlative,** and **subordinating** conjunctions.
28
Give the three verbals and define each.
The three verbals are the infinitive, the gerund, and the participle
a. An **infinitive** is preceded by **to** and used as either a noun or modifier.
b. A **gerund** is a verbal noun with an **-ing** ending.
c. A **participlex** is a verbal adjective.
29
Give an example of a compound subject and a compound verb.
**Ex. 1 Compound subject****:**
Fern and Avery went to bed early the night before the County Fair.
**Ex. 2 Compound verb:**
Wilbur stared back at the crowd and tried to look his best.
30
Give the object personal pronouns in three persons.
The object personal pronouns are **me, you, him, her, it, us, you (all), them**.
31
Give examples of adjectives used as nouns
Ex. 1 Give me your **tired**, your **poor**.
Ex. 2 The **poor** you have with you always.
32
What is a collective noun? Give examples.
A **collective noun** names a group.
**Ex.** team, flock, class
33
Define article and name the three English articles.
**Articles** are words that signify nouns. **A** and **An** are the indefinite articles. **The** is the definite article. Articles are considered adjectives.
34
Give the progressive forms for the first person singular of the six English verb tenses using the verb *walk*.
Present *I am walking*
Past *I was walking*
Future *I will be walking*
Present Perfect *I have been walking*
Past Perfect *I had been walking*
Future Perfect *I will have been walking*
35
Give the names of the four principal parts of an English verb with examples using the verb walk.
the infinitive *to walk*
the present participle *walking*
the past tense *walked*
the past particple *have walked*
36
What is a verb phrase? Give examples.
A **verb phrase** is made up of a main verb and one or more helping verbs.
**Ex.** **1****I have been walking** for an hour.
**Ex. 2 I should have walked** yesterday.
37
What two verbals have the same form?
The gerund and the present participle have the same form. They both end in **ing**.
38
What are verbals?
**Verbals** are words formed from verbs that are used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
39
What is a physical action verb? Give examples.
A **physical action verb** expressions action that can be perceived by the senses.
**Ex.** kick, run, eat
40
Give the three questions adjectives answer with examples.
Adjectives answer the questions: **which one, what kind**, and **how much** or **how many**.
**Ex. 1** John gave Mary **that** rose. (which one)
**Ex. 2** John gave Mary a **red** rose. (what kind)
**Ex. 3** John gave Mary a **dozen** roses. (how many)
41
Give the adjective forms of the possessive pronouns.
my, your, his, her, its, our, your their
42
Forms of the *to be* verb may be used as linking or helping verbs. Give an example of each.
**Ex. 1** Wilbur **is** a pig. (linking verb)
**Ex. 2** Wilbur **is walking** to the barn (heping verb for main verb, *walking*)
43
What is a subject?
The subject tells **who** or **what** the sentence is about.
44
Give an example of a demonstrative pronoun used as a pronoun and as an adjective.
Ex. 1 Mary likes **that.**
Mary likes **that** book.
45
Give an example of the infinitive phrase with a subject in the objective case.
Ex. 1 I want **John to learn Latin**.
Ex. 2 I want **him to learn Latin.**
46
What are the two types of direct questions?
*The two types of direct questions are questions introduced by question words and yes/no questions.*
47
What is a noun?
A noun is word that names a **person, place, thing,** or **idea**.
48
What kind of verbs usually have indirect objects?
Giving and telling verbs usually have indirect objects.
49
Give sentences with a present participle and participle phrase.
Ex. 1 I saw her **crying**.
Ex. 2 I saw her **crying in the garden.**
50
Give five difficulties in finding the subject, with examples.
**a.** When sentences express a command or request, the subject is always **you**.
**Ex.** Study your Latin
(You) study your Latin.
**b.** To find a subject in a question, turn the question into a statement.
**Ex.** What lesson did you study?
You did study what lesson?
*subect: you verb: did study*
**c.** The subject of a sentence is never a propositional phrase.
**Ex.** Neither of the students studied his Latin.
*Neither is the subject. Students is the object of the preposition of.*
**d.** Here is not usually the subject of a verb.
**Ex.** **Here** is the book.
The **book** is here.
***Here** is an adverb telling **where**. **Book** is the subject of the verb **is**.*
**e.** The expletives there and it are not usually subjects of a verb.
**Ex. 1** **There** are books on both tables.
**Books** are on both tables.
***Books** is the subject of the verb **are**. **There** gets the sentence started.*
**Ex. 2** **It** is important to study Latin.
**To study** Latin is important.
**To study** is the subject of the verb **is**. **It** gets the sentence started.
51
Give the first person singular of the six English verb tenses using the verb walk.
Present *I walk (he, she, it walks)*
Past *I walked*
*Future I will walk*
Present Perfect *I have walked (he **has** walked)*
Past Perfect *I had walked*
Future Perfect *I will have walked*
52
Adverbs of degree modify adjectives and other adverbs. Give examples.
very, so, too, really, rather, quite, especially
**Ex. 1** Charlotte is **very** loyal. ***very** modifies the adjective **loyal**.*
**Ex. 2** Wilbur walks **quite** slowly. ***quite** modifies the adverb **slowly**.*
53
What are the principal parts of a verb?
The principal parts are the four basic forms of the verb.
54
Give the four questions adverbs answer. Give examples.
Adverbs answer the questions: **how** (manner), **when, where**, and **to what extent** (how often, how much).
**Ex. 1** He walks **gracefully**. (how)
**Ex. 2** He walks **early**. (when)
**Ex. 3** He walks **outside**. (where)
**Ex. 4** He walks **often**. (to what extent)
55
What is an adverb?
An **adverb** is a word that usually modifies a verb, but also an adjective or another adverb.
56
What are the reflexive and intensive pronouns?
The reflexive and intensive pronouns are the self-pronouns: **myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves**
57
Change a sentence from active to passive voice.
Caesar conquered the Gauls. (active)
The Gauls were conquered by Caesar. (passive)
58
Give examples of plural nouns with singular meanings.
Ex. 1 The **news** is bad.
Ex. 2 **Measles** is an infectious disease.
Ex. 3 The **scissors** are on the counter.
Ex. 4 His **pants** are on fire.
59
What is a **transitive** verb? Give examples.
A **transitive** verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning.
**Ex. 1** John ignored the insult.
**Ex. 2** John completed his lesson.
60
What are the six common question words?
The six common question words are **who**, **what**, **when, where**, **why, how**.
61
What are the two kinds of prepositional phrases?
The two kinds of prepositional phrases are the **adjective prepositional phrase**, which modifies a noun or pronoun, and the **adverb prepositional phrase**, which modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
62
Define predicate nominative. Give an example.
A **predicate nominative** is a noun or pronoun that follows a **linkin verb** and renames the subject.
**Ex.** Wilbur is a **pig**.
63
What is a reflexive pronoun? Give examples.
The **reflexive** **pronoun** is always an object - direct, indirect, or prepositional - and refers back to the subject of the verb.
Ex. 1 Mary hurt **herself**.
Ex. 2 Mary told **herself** a story.
Ex. 3 Mary wrote a note to **herself**.
64
What is the emphatic form? Give examples.
The **emphatic form** shows emphasis or unusual stress. It is found in only two tenses, the present and past. It uses the helping verbs **do, does,** or **did**.
**Ex. 1** *Present Emphatic* - **I do walk** (he, she, it does)
**Ex. 2** *Past Emphatic* - **I did walk**
65
What are the two main aspects of English verbs?
English verbs have **progressive** and **emphatic** forms.
66
What is a phrase?
A **phrase** is a group of words used as a single part of speech - a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. A phrase does not contain a subject and verb.
67
When is the passive voice used? Give an example.
The passive voice is used when the **doer** of the action is unknown, concealed, or less important than the **receiver** of the action.
**Ex.** **1** The cookies were taken from the cookie jar.
**Ex. 2** Rome was not built in a day.
68
Give examples of nouns used as adverbs.
**Ex. 1** I walked **yesterday**.
**Ex. 2** I will walk **Sunday.**
69
What is a verb?
A **verb** is a word that shows action or being.
70
What is a concrete noun? Give examples.
A **concrete noun** names something that can be perceived by the senses.
**Ex.** truth, goodness, beauty
71
What is the difference between the simple predicate and the complete predicate?
**a.** The simple predicate is the verb, including helping verbs.
**Ex.** John **is learning** Latin in school.
simple predicate: is learning.
**Ex.** John **is learning Latin in school.**
complete predicate: is learning Latin in school
72
What is a predicate?
The predicate tells wihat the subject **is** or **does**.
73
How is the past participle formed?
The regular past particple is formed by adding **d** or **ed** to the dictionary form.
74
What are the two ways the words of a verb phrase can be separated? Give examples.
**a.** The subject is placed between the helping verb and the main verb and questions.
**Ex.****Is**Wilbur**walking**?**Does**Wilbur**walk**?
**b.** An adverb can be placed between the helping verb and the main verb.
**Ex.** Wilbur **is *not* walking***.* Wilbur **is *always* walking.**
75
What is the best way to find the subject of a sentence?
Locate the verb and ask the question **who** or **what** before the verb.
76
What is a regular verb?
A **regular verb** is one that forms its past and past participle by adding **d** or **ed** to the dictionary form.
**Ex.****I walk, I walked, I have walked.**
77
What is the infinitive? Give examples.
The infinitive is the dictionary form of the verb preceded by the word **to**. The infinitive usually functions as a noun.
**Ex. 1** Mary wants **to learn** Latin.
**Ex. 2 To be** or not **to be**, that is the question. **To die, to sleep, to dream.**
78
What is a pronoun?
A pronoun is word used in place of a noun.
79
Use *smell* as an action verb and a linking verb.
Jane **smells** the rose. (action verb)
The rose **smells** wonderful. (linking verb)
80
How do you form a yes or no question? Give an example.
To form a yes/no question, put a helping verb first.
**Ex.** He likes Latin
**Does** he like Latin? **Is** he liking Latin? **Did** he like Latin?
81
Give examples of gerunds and gerund phrases.
Ex. 1 **Learning** is fun.
Ex. 2 He likes **learning**.
Ex. 3 **Learning Latinb is fun.**
82
Name and define the three grammar persons.
The three grammar persons are first person (the person speaking), second person (the person spoken to), and third person (the person spoken about).
83
What is an irregular verb?
An irregular verb is one that does not form its past and past participle by adding **d** or **ed** to the dictionary form.
**Ex.****I see, I saw, I have seen**
84
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses.
85
Give examples of infinitives used as modifiers.
Ex. 1 We study **to learn**.
Ex. 2 We have time **to study**.
86
How is the present participle formed?
The present participle is formed by adding **ing** to the dictionary form.
87
Many verbs can be used both transitively and intransitively. Give examples.
**Ex. 1** I eat pizza. *transitive, **pizza** is a direct object.*
**Ex. 2** I eat every day. *intransitive, **every day** is an adverb, not a direct object.*
88
What is a complementary infinitive? Give an example.
A complementary infinitive is an infinitive used as a direct object.
**Ex.** Wilbur loves **to learn**. Wilbur wants **to eat**.
89
What is an indirect object? Give an example.
An **indirect object** precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done.
**Ex. 1** The magister teaches **me** Latin.
**Ex. 2** The magister gives **John** a test.
90
What is an appositive? Give examples.
An **appositive** is a word or phrase that immediately follows the word it modifies. The appositive is usually set off from its noun by commas.
Ex. 1 **Appositive:** Gandalf, **the wizard**, is leading an adventure.
Ex. 2 **Appositive phrase:** Gandalf, **the wizard in *The Hobbit***, is leading an adventure.
91
Give eight words that are always adverbs and often interrupt a verb phrase.
*ever, never, not, almost, always, hardly, scarecely, seldom*
92
Give an example of a word that can be used as more than one part of speech.
Total can be used as a noun, verb, or adjective.
**Ex. 1** The **total** is one hundred. (noun)
**Ex. 2** I will **total** the score. (verb)
**Ex. 3** It was a **total** disaster.
93
What verb shows being or existence?
The **to be** verb shows being or existence.
94
What is the most common linking verb?
The **to be** verb is the most common linking verb.
95
What question does the predicate nominative or predicate adjective answer?
The predicate nominative or adjective answers the question **what** or **who** after a **_linking_** verb.
96
What is a mental action verb? Give examples.
A **mental action verb** expressions action that **cannot** be perceived by the senses.
**Ex.** think, know, believe
97
What is a proper noun? Give examples.
A **proper noun** names a specifice person, place, or thing. It is capitalized.
**Ex.** John, Italy, the White House
98
Give an example of an adjective prepositional phrase.
Caesar was a man **of great ambition**.
99
What is an intensive pronoun? Give examples.
The **intensive pronoun** is used to show emphasis.
Ex. 1 Caesar **himself** led the charge.
Ex. 2 We met Caesar **himself** in the forum.
100
Give the eight kinds of pronouns in pairs.
Personal and Possessive
Intensive and Reflexive
Relative and Interrogative
Demonstrative and Indefinite
101
Give the first three English verb tenses and an example of each using *I walk*.
The first three English verb tenses are **present, past,** and **future**.
**Ex.** Present Tense - I **walk**
Past Tense - I **walked**
Future Tense - I **will walk**
102
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
103
What are correlative conjunctions? Give examples.
The correlative conjunctions work in **pairs** to join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance.
**either ... or** **neither ... nor**
**both ... and not only ... but (also)**
**whether ... or**
104
What parts of speech are NOT complements?
Adverbs and prepositional phrases are not complements.
105
What is a preposition?
A **preposition** is a word used to show the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence.
106
Give the subject personal pronouns in three persons.
The subject personal pronouns are **I, you, he, she, it, we, you (all), they**.
107
What is a participle? What are the two forms? Give examples .
A participle is an adjective formed from a verb (verbal adjective). the two participles are the **present** **participle** and the **past participle**.
**Ex. 1 Present Participle:**
The **conquering** Gauls stormed the gates of Rome.
**Ex.** **2** **Past Participle:**
The **conquered** Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
108
Give an example of an infinitive phrase.
Ex. I want **to learn Latin now**.
109
Give an example of infinitives used as nouns.
Ex. 1 **To err** is human.
Ex. 2 I want **to learn**.
110
What is the difference between the active and passive voice?
In the **active** voice, the subject performs the action of the verb. In the **passive** voice, the subject receives the action of the verb.
111
What verbs in addition to the *to be* verb can be linking verbs?
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem smell, sound, stay, taste
112
What is a linking verb?
A **linking verb** connects the subject with a noun or ajdective in the predicate. It shows **being**, not action.
113
Give three uses of a verb form ending in *ing*.
A verb ending in **ing** can be the main verb in a verb phrase, a gerund, or a present participle.
Ex. He was **learning** Latin.
**Learning** is fun.
The **learning** curve is too long.
114
What is the progressive verb form?
The **progressive verb** form shows continuous action and consists of the present participle with forms of the **to be** verb as helping verbs.
115
What is a sentence complement? Give the four complements.
A complement is one or more words in the predicate that complete the meaning of the subject and verb. The four complements are **predicate nominative, predicate adjective**, **direct object**, and **indirect object**.
116
Give 20 common prepositions.
about, after, against, at, before, between, by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, through, to, under, with, without
117
What is a verbal phrase, and what are the three kinds?
A verbal phrase is a verbal with any complements or modifiers. The verbal phrases are the **infinitive** phrase, the **gerund** phrase, and the **participle** phrase.
118
What is an **intransitive** verb? Give examples.
An **intransitive** verb does not require a direct object to complete its meaning.
**Ex.** **sleep, laugh, look die,** and the **to be** verb are always intransitive.
119
Name the four ways nouns may be classified.
Nouns may be **common** or **proper**, **concrete** or **abstract**, **collective**, and **compound**.
120
What is an abstract noun? Give examples.
An **abstract noun** names a quality, characteristic, or idea that cannot be perceived by the senses.
**Ex.** truth, goodness, beauty
