Final: Residential Schools Flashcards
How did Indigenous people view education?
They saw it as a system of developing the whole child, in a physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual way.
What are two things Residential Schooling history can help us do?
1) Examine how non-Indigenous Canadian values and beliefs impacted Indigenous people physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually.
2) Expose unhealthy/unsuccessful values, ideologies and practices in culture throughout this development.
What are the three relations involved with the Residential Schools legacy?
1) Non-Indigenous to Indigenous people
2) Indigenous to Indigenous people
3) Non-Indigenous to Non-Indigenous people
What was Indigenous education like, pre-contact?
An informal education system based on experiential knowledge, mentoring, apprenticeship, and roles/responsibilities that allowed the child to prepare for physical, emotional, cultural, and spiritual life of the society. They believed life is cyclic, thus knowledge is in constant need of maintenance and renewal.
When/who established boarding schools?
From 1620 to 1680, boarding schools were established for Indigenous youth by the Jesuits, and the Ursulines.
When did the Protestant churches become involved with Indigenous education?
Late 1700s and early 1800s
What were the goals of these mission schools?
The “civilization” and the Christianization of Indigenous peoples.
What was the first residential school and when/where did it open?
The Mohawk Indian Residential School, at Brantford, Ontario in 1831.
What were two factors that shaped educational relations between the Indigenous and Non-Indigenous before the Indian Act?
1) Affects of colonization on land and resources.
2) Moral imperative of the Christian church.
What did the Indian Act do?
It required the government to provide First Nations people with an education, required Indigenous people to assimilate into Canadian society, allowed government to legally arrange for provinces and religious organizations to provide Indigenous education which began with the establishment of 3 industrial schools in 1883.
What have residential schools usually been considered as since 1880s?
Part of the assimilative policies.
What were the 6 types of residential schools?
Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian Church, Roman Catholic Church, United Church of Canada, and Other.
What did the amendments to the Indian Act in 1894 and 1895 do?
Allowed Indian agents to take Indian children under the age of 16 to school under the force of the law.
Who created the model for Industrialized schools, what did the model consist of, and why was it significant?
Egerton Ryerson, the model consisted of domestic education, religious instruction, focus on agricultural training, and government funding awarded through inspections and reports. This later became the model for future Indian residential schools.
Explain Indentured Labour.
Children works on a half-day system. Half in class, and the other at work. This was a way to make running the school inexpensive, rather than actually teaching the children skills.
